Allowable tensile loads for different grade of bolts from - Table 1-A

Mannual of Steel Construction - Allowable Stress Design (Ninth Edition of AISC)

Dia of Bolt, d (in)
0.63
0.75
0.875
1
1.125
1.25
Area of bolt, Ab (in2)
0.3068
0.4418
0.6013
0.7854
0.994
1.227

1.375
1.485

1.5
1.767

Grade
A307
A325
A490

29.7
65.3
80.2

35.3
77.7
95.4

Ft (ksi)
20
44
54

Allowable Tensile Load (kip)

12
15.7
19.9
24.5
26.5
34.6
43.7
54
32.5
42.4
53.7
66.3

6.1
13.5
16.6

8.8
19.4
23.9

Per Indian Area of bolt, Ab (mm 2 )

16
15.88
197.94

20
19.05
285.03

24
22.23
387.93

31.75
791.61

36
34.93
958.06

40
38.10
1140.00

Ft (N/mm2)
137.90
303.37
372.32

27.13
60.05
73.84

39.14
86.30
106.31

Allowable Tensile Load (kN)

53.38
69.84
88.52
108.98
117.88
153.91
194.39
240.20
144.57
188.60
238.87
294.92

132.11
290.47
356.75

157.02
345.63
424.36

Eq. Dia
Grade As

Dia of Bolt, d (mm)

Standard Grade
4.6 A307
8.8 A325
10.9 A490

25.40
506.71

30
28.58
641.29

Notes:
1 For dynamic and fatigue loading only A325 or A490 High strength bolts should be specified.
F u = Specified minimum tensile strength of the fastener material.
Allowable tensile stress in threaded fastener F t = 0.33 F u
Allowable Shear loads for different grade of bolts from - Table 1-D
Mannual of Steel Construction - Allowable Stress Design (Ninth Edition of AISC)

Grade
A307

Dia of Bolt, d (in)

2
Connection Hole Type Area of bolt, Ab (in )
Loading
F
(ksi)
V
Type
STD
S
10
NSL
D

A325

17

S
D

15

S
D

LSL

12

S
D

STD,NSL

21

STD,NSL

30

S
D

STD

21

S
D

18

S
D

LSL

15

S
D

STD,NSL

28

S
D

STD,NSL

40

S
D

STD
SC Class A OVS,SSL

A490

SC Class A OVS,SSL

S
D

0.63
0.3068

0.75
0.4418

3.1
6.1
5.22
10.4
4.6
9.2
3.68
7.36
6.4
12.9
9.2
18.4
6.44
12.9
5.52
11
4.6
9.2
8.6
17.2
12.3
24.5

4.4
8.8
7.51
15
6.63
13.3
5.3
10.6
9.3
18.6
13.3
26.5
9.28
18.6
7.95
15.9
6.63
13.3
12.4
24.7
17.7
35.3

0.875
1
1.125
1.25
0.6013
0.7854
0.994
1.227
Allowable Shear Load (kip)
6
7.9
9.9
12.3
12
15.7
19.9
24.5
10.2
13.4
16.9
20.9
20.4
26.7
33.8
41.7
9.02
11.8
14.9
18.4
18
23.6
29.8
36.8
7.22
9.42
11.9
14.7
14.4
18.8
23.9
29.4
12.6
16.5
20.9
25.8
25.3
33
41.7
51.5
18
23.6
29.8
36.8
36.1
47.1
59.6
73.6
12.6
16.5
20.9
25.8
25.3
33
41.7
51.5
10.8
14.1
17.9
22.1
21.6
28.3
35.8
44.2
9.02
11.8
14.9
18.4
18
23.6
29.8
36.8
16.8
22
27.8
34.4
33.7
44
55.7
68.7
24.1
31.4
39.8
49.1
48.1
62.8
79.5
98.2

1.375
1.485

1.5
1.767

14.8
29.7
25.2
50.5
22.3
44.6
17.8
35.6
31.2
62.4
44.5
89.1
31.2
62.4
26.7
53.5
22.3
44.6
41.6
83.2
59.4
119

17.7
35.3
30
60.1
26.5
53
21.2
42.4
37.1
74.2
53
106
37.1
74.2
31.8
63.6
26.5
53
49.5
99
70.7
141

Dia of Bolt, d (mm)

Grade
A307

Area of bolt, Ab (mm 2 )

Connection Hole Type
FV(N/mm2) Loading
Type
STD
S
68.95
NSL
D

A325

117.21

S
D

103.42

S
D

LSL

82.74

S
D

STD,NSL

144.79

S
D

STD,NSL

206.84

S
D

STD

144.79

S
D

124.11

S
D

LSL

103.42

S
D

STD,NSL

193.05

S
D

STD,NSL

275.79

S
D

STD
SC Class A OVS,SSL

A490

SC Class A OVS,SSL

15.88
197.94

19.05
285.03

22.23
387.93

25.40
506.71

28.58
641.29

31.75
791.61

34.93
958.06

38.10
1140.00

13.79
27.13
23.22
46.26
20.46
40.92
16.37
32.74
28.47
57.38
40.92
81.85
28.65
57.38
24.55
48.93
20.46
40.92
38.25
76.51
54.71
108.98

19.57
39.14
33.41
66.72
29.49
59.16
23.58
47.15
41.37
82.74
59.16
117.88
41.28
82.74
35.36
70.73
29.49
59.16
55.16
109.87
78.73
157.02

Allowable Shear Load (kN)

26.69
35.14
44.04
54.71
53.38
69.84
88.52
108.98
45.37
59.61
75.17
92.97
90.74
118.77
150.35
185.49
40.12
52.49
66.28
81.85
80.07
104.98
132.56
163.69
32.12
41.90
52.93
65.39
64.05
83.63
106.31
130.78
56.05
73.40
92.97
114.76
112.54
146.79
185.49
229.08
80.07
104.98
132.56
163.69
160.58
209.51
265.11
327.39
56.05
73.40
92.97
114.76
112.54
146.79
185.49
229.08
48.04
62.72
79.62
98.31
96.08
125.88
159.25
196.61
40.12
52.49
66.28
81.85
80.07
104.98
132.56
163.69
74.73
97.86
123.66
153.02
149.91
195.72
247.77
305.59
107.20
139.67
177.04
218.41
213.96
279.35
353.63
436.82

65.83
132.11
112.10
224.64
99.20
198.39
79.18
158.36
138.78
277.57
197.95
396.34
138.78
277.57
118.77
237.98
99.20
198.39
185.05
370.09
264.22
529.34

78.73
157.02
133.45
267.34
117.88
235.76
94.30
188.60
165.03
330.06
235.76
471.51
165.03
330.06
141.45
282.91
117.88
235.76
220.19
440.37
314.49
627.20

Notes:
SC = Slip critical connection
N = Bearing - type connection with threads included in shear plane
X = Bearing - type connection with threads excluded from shear plane
STD = Standard round holes (d + 1/16 in)
LSL = Long-slotted holes
NSL = Long or short slotted hole normal to load direction (required in bearing type connection)
OVS = Oversize round holes
SSL = Short slotted holes
S = Single Shear; D = Double Shear;
1 Allowable shear stress on bolt, F v = 0.17F u ; When threads are included in a shear plane
2 Allowable shear stress on bolt, F v = 0.22F u ; When threads are excluded from a shear plane
Allowable Bearing loads for different grade & Edge distance of bolts from - Table 1-F
Mannual of Steel Construction - Allowable Stress Design (Ninth Edition of AISC)

Edge
Distance
l v , in.

Bolt Dia. 1.5d in

1
1.5
0.875
1.3125
0.75
1.125

Allowable Loads, Kips

(for one fastener, 1-in thick material)
Fu = 58
Fu = 65
Fu = 70
Fu = 100
29
32.5
35
50
32.6
36.6
39.4
56.3
36.3
40.6
43.8
62.5
43.5
48.8
52.5
75
Values when edge distance is 1.5d or greater
69.6
78
84
120
60.9
68.3
73.5
105
52.2
58.5
63
90

Edge
Distance
l v , mm
25.40
28.58
31.75
<38.1
Bolt Dia. 1.5d mm
25.40
38.10

Allowable Loads, KN
(for one fastener, 25.4mm thick material)
Fu =399.9 Fu =448.2 Fu =482.6 Fu =689.5
129.00
144.57
155.69
222.41
145.01
162.80
175.26
250.43
161.47
180.60
194.83
278.01
193.50
217.07
233.53
333.62
Values when edge distance is 1.5d or greater
309.60
346.96
373.65
533.79

1
1.125
1.25
<1.5

Lv
n = No of bolts

3
4
5

22.23
33.34
270.90
303.81
326.94
467.06
19.05
28.58
232.20
260.22
280.24
400.34
Notes:
Total Allowable Load = e [(tabular value) x n] t
Where, t = Thickness of critical connected part, in.
n = Number of fasteners/bolts.
Distance centre of hole to free edge of connected part in direction of force l v 2P/Fut
(As per AISC ASD Spec. J3.9)
Where, Fu = Specified minimum tensile strength of material, ksi
Force transmitted by one fastener to the critical connected part, ksi P = 1.2 F u d
(As per AISC ASD Spec. J3.7)
Distance lv parallel to the line of force from the centre of bolt to free edge of connected part is not less than 1.5d
Distance from the centre of bolt to center of an adjacent bolt is not less than 3d
(As per AISC ASD Spec. J3.8)
Block Shear Check; Co-efficients for web tear-out (Block Shear) Based on Standard holes and 3-in bolt spacing
From Table 1-G Mannual of Steel Construction - Allowable Stress Design (Ninth Edition of AISC)

(Basd on AISC ASD Specification & Commentary Sects. D1, J4, J3.9 & J5.2)
lh, in

1.125

1.25

1.375

1.5

lv in
1.25
1.375
1.5
1.625
1.75
1.875
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
3

25.40
0.88
0.91
0.95
0.99
1.03
1.06
1.1
1.18
1.25
1.33
1.4

28.58
0.94
0.98
1.01
1.05
1.09
1.13
1.16
1.24
1.31
1.39
1.46

31.75
1
1.04
1.08
1.11
1.15
1.19
1.23
1.3
1.38
1.45
1.53

34.93
1.06
1.1
1.14
1.18
1.21
1.25
1.29
1.36
1.44
1.51
1.59

38.10
1.13
1.16
1.2
1.24
1.28
1.31
1.35
1.43
1.5
1.58
1.65

Coefficient C 2
0.75
0.875
19.05
22.23
0.33
0.24
0.99
0.86
1.64
1.48
2.3
2.1
2.96
2.72
3.61
3.34
4.27
3.96
4.93
4.58
5.58
5.19

1
25.40
0.16
0.74
1.32
1.9
2.48
3.06
3.64
4.23
4.81

Bolt Dia,in
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Notes:
1 Resistance to Block Shear, RBS =

Coefficient C 1
1.625
1.75
41.28
1.19
1.23
1.26
1.3
1.34
1.38
1.41
1.49
1.56
1.64
1.71

44.45
1.25
1.29
1.33
1.36
1.4
1.44
1.48
1.55
1.63
1.7
1.78

1.875

2.25

2.5

2.75

47.63
1.31
1.35
1.39
1.43
1.46
1.5
1.54
1.61
1.69
1.76
1.84

50.80
1.38
1.41
1.45
1.49
1.53
1.56
1.6
1.68
1.75
1.83
1.9

57.15
1.5
1.54
1.58
1.61
1.65
1.69
1.73
1.8
1.88
1.95
2.03

63.50
1.63
1.66
1.7
1.74
1.78
1.81
1.85
1.93
2
2.08
2.15

69.85
1.75
1.79
1.83
1.86
1.9
1.94
1.98
2.05
2.13
2.2
2.28

76.20
1.88
1.91
1.95
1.99
2.03
2.06
2.1
2.18
2.25
2.33
2.4

Lh

0.30 A v F u + 0.50 A t F u

(From AISC ASD Sect. J4)

{(0.30 lv + 0.5 lh) + 0.30[(n-1)(s-dh)-dh/2]-dh/4} Fu t

(C1 + C2) Fu t

Where,
Av = Net Shear Area, in2
At = Net Tension Area, in2
Fu = Specified Min. Tensile Strength, ksi
dh = Dia of hole (dia of bolt + 1/16), in
l h = Distance from centre of hole to beam end, in
l v = Distance from centre of hole to edge of web, in
n = Number of fasteners / Bolts
s = Fasteners / Bolts spacing, in

Lv
n = No of bolts
Spacing =3

Connection Design : Involves following Check

1. Bolt Shear Capacity
2. Bolt Bearing on Connecting Material
3. Beam Web Tear-Out (Block Shear)
4. Shear on the net area of the connection plate / Angles
5. Local Bending Stresses
Load Calculations: (From AISC ASD Chapter A4.3)
Crane Runway Horizontal Forces:
1 Lateral force on crane Normal to Runway Rails =
20% of the sum of weights of lifted load & Crane Trolley,
but exclusive of other parts of the crane
=
2 The Longitudinal Tractive Force on crane
10% of the Maximum wheel loads of the crane.
Design Requirements:
(From AISC ASD Chapter B)
1 Gross Area of the member :
Summing the products of the thickness & gross width of each elements
as measured normal to axis of member
2 Net Area of the member :
Sum of products of the thickness & net width of each elements
Net Width = Gross width - sum of dia of holes.
Dia of hole = Nominal dimension of hole + (1/16)inch
For a chain of holes extending across a part in any diagonal or zigzag line,
least net width gives the critical net area of the part.
3 Effective Net Area of the member :
( i ) When the load is transmitted directly to each of the cross sectional elements
by connectors, the effective net area A e is equal to net area A n
( ii ) When the load is transmitted by bolts or rivets through some but not all of
the cross sectional elements of member, A e = UA n
( iii ) When the load is transmitted by welds through some but not all of
the cross sectional elements of member, A e = UA g
where U is the Reduction Coefficient.
( iv ) Reduction Coefficient for Bolted Connection:
a) Flange width of beam (W,M or S shape) not < 2/3 the depth and bolted
connection shall have no fewer than three bolts per line in direction of stress .
U = 0.90
b) Flange width of beam (W,M or S shape) < 2/3 the depth and bolted
connection shall have no fewer than three bolts per line in direction of stress .
U = 0.85
c) All members with bolted connections having only two bolts per line in
direction of stress . U = 0.75
( v ) Reduction Coefficient for Welded Connection:
a) When l > 2w ; U = 1.0 where l = Weld Length,
b) When 2w > l > 1.5w; U = 0.87; w = plate width (distance between welds)
c) When 1.5w > l > w; U = 0.75

4 Allowable Tensile Stress:

In account of Gross area, Ft shall not exceed 0.60Fy
In account of Effective Net area, Ft shall not exceed 0.50Fu
The allowable stress on the net area of pin hole for pin-connected members is 0.4Fy
The allowable bending stress 0.66Fy
The Connections at ends of tension or compression members in trusses shall develop
force due to the design load, but not less than 50% of the effective strength of the
member, unless a smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that considers
other factors including handling, shipping and erection.
Groups of welds, bolts or Rivets at the ends of any member which transmit axial stress into
that member shall be sized so the centre of gravity of the group coincides with the centre of
gravity of the member, unless provision is made for the eccentricity.
Nominal Hole Dimensions (From Table J3.1,AISC-ASD)
Bolt
Standard Oversize Short-slot
Long-Slot
Dia.
(Dia.)
(Dia
(Width x Length)
(Width x Length)
0.5
0.5625
0.625 9/6 X 11/6
9/6 X 11/6
0.625
0.6875
0.8125 11/6 X 7/8
11/6 X 1.5625
0.75
0.8125
0.9375 13/6 X 1
13/6 X 1.875
0.875
0.9375
1.0625 15/6 X 1.125
15/6 X 2.1875
1
1.0625
1.25 1.0625 X 1.3125
1.0625 X 2.5
1.125 d + 1/16 d + 5/16 (d + 1/16) X (d+3/8) (d + 1/16) X (2.5d)