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6.641 Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion

Spring 2005

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6.641 Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion

Spring 2005

Quiz 2 - Solutions 2003

Prof. Markus Zahn MIT OpenCourseWare

Problem 1
A
Question: Calculate the electric scalar potential inside and outside the cylinder at time t = 0. Solution: A(t = 0)r 3 sin 3 0 r R B (t=0) sin 3 rR r3 3A(t = 0)r 2 sin 3 0 r < R (r, , t = 0) Er (r, , t = 0) = = 3B (t=0) r sin 3 r>R r4 (r, , t = 0) =

2 Er (r = R+ , , t = 0) 1 Er (r = R , , t = 0) = s (t = 0)r=R = s0 sin 3 32 B (t = 0) sin 3 + 31 A(t = 0)R2 sin 3 = s0 sin 3 R4 (r = R+ , , t = 0) = (r = R , , t = 0) A(t = 0)R3 = B (t = 0) = A(t = 0)R6 3R2 A(t = 0) [1 + 2 ] = s0 A(t = 0) = B (t = 0) s 0 = R6 3R2 (1 + 2 ) s 0 3 3R2 (1 +2 ) r sin 3 0 r R 4 (r, , t = 0) = s 0 R sin 3 rR 3(1 +2 ) r 3 B (t = 0) R3

B
Question: Calculate the electric scalar potential inside and outside the cylinder for t 0. Solution: A(t)r 3 sin 3 0 r R B (t) rR r 3 sin 3

(R, , t) =

Quiz 2 Solutions 2003

6.641, Spring 2005

(r = R+ , , t) = (r = R , , t) A(t)R3 = B (t) = A(t)R6

B ( t) R3

1 Er (r = R , , t) + 1

Er (r = R , , t) Er (r = R+ , , t) = 2 Er (r = R+ , , t) + 2 t t 3A(t)r 2 sin 3 0 r < R 3B (t) r>R r 4 sin 3

(r, , t) Er (r, , t) = = r 31 R2 A(t) 3R2 1

32 32 dB dA = 4 B ( t) + 4 dt R R dt dA 2 = 3R (2 A(t) + 2 ) dt dA dA = 2 A(t) + 2 1 A(t) 1 dt dt dA + ( 1 + 2 ) A ( t) = 0 dt

dA A(t) 1 + 2
+ = 0; = dt 1 + 2 t t s 0 A(t) = A(t = 0)e = e 2 3R (1 + 2 )
t s 0 3 3R2 (1 +2 ) r sin 3e s0 R4 sin 3 t 3(1 +2 ) r 3 e

(1 + 2 )

(r, , t) =

0rR rR

C
Question: What is the free surface charge density s (r = R, t) for t 0? Solution: s (r = R, t) = 2 Er (R+ , , t) 1 Er (R , , t)
3A(t) 6 R 2 sin 3 + 3A(t)R2 1 sin 3
R4 = 3R2 sin 3(1 + 2 )A(t)
t s 0 2 e = 3R sin 3 (1 + 1) 2 3R (1 + 2 ) = = s0 sin 3e
t

Quiz 2 Solutions 2003

6.641, Spring 2005

Problem 2
A
Question: Determine the force of electric origin that acts on the upper capacitor plate in the direction of increasing x, as a function of the applied voltage V , the plate deection x, and the parameters of the model. Solution: C ( x) = 0 A 1 dC 1 V 2 0 A , fx = V 2 = Gx 2 dx 2 ( G x) 2

B
Question: Determine a dierential equation that describes the time response of the deection x as the upper capacitor plate is deected by the force of electric origin. Neglect gravity. Solution: M d2 x 0 AV 2 = Kx + 2 dt 2(G x)2

C
Question: Assume that the deection of the upper capacitor plate is in static equilibrium for a given voltage V . Determine a relation between the equilibrium deection x = X , the applied voltage V , and the parameters of the model. You need not explicitly solve for X . Solution: At equilibrium,
dx dt

= 0 KX =

0 AV 2 2(GX )2 .

D
Question: We wish to determine the voltage at which the equilibrium found in Part c becomes unstable. To do so, let x = X + x and linearize the dierential equation found in Part b for small displacements x from the equilibrium X , where x X . Solution: x = X + x
0 AV 2 0 AV 2 2 d2 x x
x = K + M 2 = Kx + dt (G X )3 2 (G X )3 d2 x 2X M 2 = K 1 x dt (G X )
[G 3X ]
x = K [G X ]

Quiz 2 Solutions 2003

6.641, Spring 2005

E
Question: Combine the answers to Parts c and d to show that the deection of the upper plate becomes unstable (as determined by the dynamics of the linearized dierential equation found in Part d) when the upper plate deects a fraction of the gap G. Also, determine this fraction. Solution: Unstable if G 3X < 0. Incipience: X =
G 3.

F
Question: Determine the voltage in terms of the parameters of the model at the onset of instability determined in Part e. Solution: K + 0 AV 2 0 AV 2 27 0 AV 2 = 0 = K + = K + 3 2 (G X )3 8 G3 3G 1
8KG3 2
V = 270 A

Problem 3
A
in each gap within the magnetic circuit. Neglect fringing Question: Find the magnetic eld H eld eects. Solution: Ha a = N I
Hb b = N I
NI N I
Ha = , Hb = a b

B
Question: Find the self-inductance L(x) of the coil as a function of block position x. Solution: = b Hb sb d + Ha d (a x + 0 (sa x)) b sb 1 = N Id + (a x + 0 (sa x)) b a 1 b sb 2 = N = N Id + (a x + 0 (sa x)) b a b sb 1 2 + (a x + 0 (sa x)) L(x) = = N d I b a

Quiz 2 Solutions 2003

6.641, Spring 2005

C
Question: Find the magnetic force on the movable block. Solution: fx = 1 2 dL 1 N 2I 2d I = (a 0 ) 2 dx 2 a

D
Question: What is the governing dierential equation for the position of the movable block? Solution: M d2 x 1 I 2d = Kx + N 2 (a 0 ) = fT (x) 2 dt 2 a

E
Question: Find the equilibrium position x = xeq of the movable block assuming 0 < x < sa . Solution: fT (x) = fx Kxeq = 0 = xeq = 1 N 2 I 2 d
2 Ka 1 2 I 2d N (a 0 ) Kxeq 2 a

F
Question: Is this equilibrium stable or unstable? Solution: dfT = K < 0 (stable) dx x=xeq

G
Question: The movable block of mass M is slightly displaced from its equilibrium at xeq by an amount x and released with velocity dx dt t=0 = v0 . To rst order calculate x (t) where x(t) = xeq + x (t) with x (t) xeq . Neglect friction.

Quiz 2 Solutions 2003 Solution: 2 d2 x dfT K 2 2 x = Kx d x + 0 M 2 = x = 0, 0 = 2 dt dx xeq dt M x = A sin 0 t + B cos 0 t

dx
= 0 [A cos 0 t B sin 0 t] dt x (t = 0) = B = x dx v0 = 0 A = v0 A = dt t=0 0 v0 sin 0 t + x cos 0 t x ( t) = 0

6.641, Spring 2005