Plural with a /s/ sound Plural with a /z/sound Plural with an/iz/sound

tickets,
girls,
dresses,

Plural with a / s/ sound Plural with a/z/ sound Plural with an / iz/ sound

Regular plural Regular plural Regular plural Irregular plural

with a /s/ sound with a / z/ sound with an/iz/sound

Add -ing
climb climbing
read ______
cook ______

Double the last letter

and add -ing
sit ______
run ______
shut ______

Take off the -e

and add -ing
make______
type ______
take ______

Add-ing
walk walking go ______
look ______ fly ______

Take off the-e and add-ing

shine ______ type______
shave______ give______

Add-ing

Double the letter at the end

of the verb and add-ing

Drop the-e at the end of

the verb and add-ing

There is some sugar here.

Is there any sugar here?

There is a pound of sugar here.

There isn't any sugar here.

Positive
Negative
Question
Short answers
I like butter. I do not like butter. Do you like butter?
Yes, I do.
or I don't like butter.
or No, I don't.

Positive Negative
Question
Short answers
He likes He does not like meat. Does he like Yes, he does.
meat.
or He doesn't like meat. meat?
or No, he doesn't.

1
She
He
She
It
They
I

2
always
sometimes
usually
often
always

3
makes the beds
shaves
goes to the village
rains
watch television
eat my lunch

4
every day.
in the morning.
in the afternoon.
in the evening.
at night.
at noon.

You can't count these:

Do you want any paper?
paper, glue, chalk, bread, cheese, Yes, I do. I want some paper.
jam, steak, mince, soap
I want three pads of paper.
(These are uncountable, nouns.) or No, I don't. I don't want any paper.
You can count these:
Do you want any pens?
pens, pads of paper, envelopes, Yes, I do. I want some pens .
peas, biscuits, eggs, grapes
I want three pens .
(These are countable nouns.)
or No, I don't. I don't want any pens.

have
a bad cold,

take
an aspirin,

see

stay

Can I get up? - No, don't get up. You mustn't get up. You must stay
(do not)
(must not)
in bed.

at six o'clock,

in July,

on Wednesday,

in November, 1989,

at home,

in Australia,

Positive
Negative
he stayed he did not stay
or he didn't stay

Question
did he stay?

Short answers
Yes, he did.
or No, he didn't

Regular plural Regular plural Regular plural Irregular plural

with a/s/sound with a/z/sound with an/iz/sound

bad-badly
slow-slowly
careful-carefully hard-hard
pleasant-pleasantly sudden-suddenly ___________
late-late
quick-quickly
warm-warmly
angry-angrily
good-well

bewas
cutcut
do- ______
drink-______

find-______ meet-______
give-______ read-______
go- ______ say- ______
lose-______ see- ______

speak______
swim______
take______
understand-______

Verb Positive
Negative
Question Short answers
buy he bought he did not buy did he buy? Yes, he did.
or he didn't buy
or No, he didn't.

at times on days
on dates in months
on Monday on 1st March

in years
in 1990

A: Have a cup of tea. B: That's very kind. Thank you very much. I'd like
an apple.
one/ some.
some bread. or No, thank you. I've already/ just had one/ some.
some grapes.

to to the cinema to the park to work to school to church to college

on on television on the radio on holiday on Monday on 1st June
in in London in Paris in spring in autumn in April in 1975

A: Have you ever been to

America?

B: Yes, I have. I was there three years ago.

or No, I haven't. I've never been to America.

A: Has Tom finished the job yet? B: Yes, he has. He's/ He has just
finished it.
or Yes, he has. He finished it half
an hour ago.
or No, he hasn't finished it yet.

for

since

A: Has Tom done the job yet? B: Yes, he has. He's/ He has just
done it.
or Yes, he has. He did it half
an hour ago.
or No, he hasn't done it yet.

/s/ sound
/z/ sound
/iz/ sound
irregular

Adjectives Adjectives ending Adjectives ending

Adjectives ending
in -e
in a single consonant in -y
tall
large
hot
heavy
taller
larger
hotter
heavier
tallest
largest
hottest
heaviest

Adjectives with irregular comparative and superlative forms

Adjective good
bad
much/many little
few
Comparative better worse
more
less
fewer
Superlative the best the worst the most
the least
the fewest

Adjective
expensive
difficult
Comparative more expensive less difficult
Superlative the most expensive the least difficult

I haven't got any money. I've got no money. I've got none(at all).
I haven't got any pencils. I've got no pencils. I've got none(at all).

Irregular nouns Plural nouns ending with the sound/iz/

woman ______ story ______ torch ______
thief
______ voice ______ country ______
milkman ______ price ______ box ______
penny ______
case ______ dress ______

You may be right.

(=It's possible that you are right.)
You may have been right.
(=It's possible that you were right.)

He may be watching TV.

(=It's possible that he's watching TV.)
He may have been watching TV.
(=It's possible that he was watching TV.)

Direct speech
Reported speech
I am right.
he was right.
I am driving carefully. He said(that) he was driving carefully.
I feel ill.
He told me(that)he felt ill.
I have read the newspaper.
he had read the newspaper.

Direct speech
Reported speech
I will be at home at 6.
she would be at home at 6.
I may come home early.
She said(that) she might come home early.
I can run very fast.
She told me(that) she could run very fast.
I have to go to school.
she had to go to school.

he will buy a new car.

If he wins the football pools,
he can buy a new car.
he may buy a new car.
he will not / won't buy a new car.
If he doesn't win the football pools, he can't buy a new car.
he may not buy a new car.

Direct questions
Indirect(or reported) questions
Open: Are you cold?
He wants to know if you are cold.
Closed: Why are you cold? He wants to know why you are cold.
Open: Do you need anything? He wants to know if you need anything.
Closed: What do you need? He wants to know what you need.
Open: Are you leaving soon? He wants to know if you are leaving soon.
Closed: When are you leaving?
He wants to know when you are leaving.