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1
Gift of
Prof. Raymond Harriman
STANFORD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARIES
(
\
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Latin Synonyms
Defined From Two Standpoints,
( 1) From the Historical and Derivative; ,
(2) From the Natural and Logical
A14 from the presence of the following
Intrinsic end Undeniable Concepts:
(a) Oeneric and Specific Ideas,
(b) Primary and Secondary Ideas.
(c) Dynamic and Static Ideas,
(d) Measure and Thing to be Measured.
--------Bv--------
ROBT. WM, DOUTHAT, PH. D ..
Prof. of the Lati/Lanp;uag .. and Literature
in the \\'est Virp;lnU. University,
Morgantown, W. Va.
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Copyrighted, 1110'1,
By ll.OB8RT WM. DOUTHAT.
All Ricbts Rese"ed,
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PREFACE
The need of some explanation of the real differences in the
use and meanings of words is found to be neceaaary from the very
beginning of our course of study in a foreign language. Otberwlae,
the ordinary student of a foreign tongue wlll make as many blunders
as the Frenchman who had concluded from a short stay In thla
country that Uvlng in America was very "cosTIVE," and that, if be
could once get hold of all the ways in which "GoT" is used, he would
know two-thirds of the English language.
Students of Latin will sometimes try to translate an Eng.
sentence by the first words they find' answering to the Eng.
words. For example, the following sentence is given in English to
be turned into Latin:-"The whole farm ._ co11ered with sheep and
cattle and hogs and chickens." The student finds n:co means "to
co11er'' and writes TECITUB and tben the sentence to a Roman would
mean "the whole farm "" roofed in" with sheep and cattle and bogs
and chickens," so that the rains cannot get to the land any more and
the earth wlll keep dry. In other words, bogs and cattle and sheep
and chickens are spread so thick over a raised platform that neither
rain or sunshine can reach tbe ground underneath. Again, "the
dialogue ._ made to rest on the authority of men of the olden times."
FACEBJ: means 'to make' and BJ:QUU:SCEJU: means to rest.' Then the
student writes BEQUIJ:SCEBJ: FACTUS EST, wbicb to the Roman mind meant
'W made to go to Bleep.'
Take the expression In Eng .. 'a gootJ Ileal,' and dictate to a student
"he bad a good deal in his basket,'' pronouncing carelessly the word
'deal.' as many do, making it 'uL. The student wlll soon speak out,-
"teacher, I know all the words in that sentence perfectly well, except
J:J:L, Wlll :YOU please tell D;le what that is in
Take the expression "bellietJ sails" or "fu'l sails;" you would not
look for the VENTBUACTA VELA Or VELA ALVI:ATA Or VELA PLI:lU, but for
VELA PASSA, 'spread sails'
Take sueh an expression as "full 11411"; :you would not use
nor COMPLI:TVS, but SOLIDUS, INTECI:B, Or TOTUS.
(3)
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PREFACE.
What the student wants Is a clear conception of the true meaning
of a word, and then he wl:l be able to understand the writer o.- to
expres3 himself with exactness and force; but, If he does not know
the dltrerence in the use of synonyms, he will blunder In his thinking
and also In his expression.
Now, we may sometimes think that the student Is the on!y one
at fault In this matter. He ha3 s ~ u d l e d carele3sly, has not been
critical, etc .. etc. But the truth of the matter Is the fact that NINE"
TENTHS of those who have s<.udlrd Latin or Greek for three or five
years, and who know the grammatical relations of words well, do
not know the dltrerences of words, which, having the same meaninga
In the vocabularies, (arry Immense dltferences In their values. And
now come3 the astonishing feature lp the case, viz., that fully ONE
HALF . of the TEACHERS OF LATIN do not know and therefore cannot
explain these dltferences, and at least ONEHALF of the OTHER HALF
wlll depend on 'vague and unsatisfactory dellnltlons and have abso-
lutely no principle of Interpretation. Put up for examination the
60,000 TEACHERS of Latin In the Un!ted States and let the examination
be wholly on synonyms. THBEEFOUBTHS, or 37.500 will not g:ade
60 out of 100, and 26,000 will not grade 26 out of 100, and 10.000 will
not grade 10 out of 100, and yet, to get the true value. of a trans-
lation from Latin Into English depends as much on the exact ren
dering of a verb or a noun or an adjective or adverb or a preposition
as it does on cases or modes and tenses. No rendering by simple
mode and tense or case can ever satisfy a critical mind. The true
mean!ng of the word must be known, and this cannot be known,
unless the ditrerence between any two words with similar meanings
Is clear,-clear by definitions, clear by some principle of interpretation,
or clear by the historical and derlvaave connection of the word.
We feel therefore that, next to Grammar, there must be a clearing
up of the d!trerences existing among synonymous words, and this
constitutes our apology for making this book along lines already
definitely drawn.
And now a word to my fellow teachers as to the method to be
pursued In the use of the book.
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PREFACE. 6
(1) No student, much less teacher, would ever stultify himself
by saying that there are not GENERAL and SPECIFIC terms employed by
the Latin; for, If we go no further, all Neuters are generic. When
Cesar sa!d pugnandum e.e. he meant that fought. We
know also that Ru Is the most generic term among nouns, meaning
an11thing visible or invi ible, an11thir.g that can be imagined or
dreamed of CJ8 an object or subject . Then for all actions, AGEBE Is the
most generic term among verbs, etc., etc.
The dUrerence between GENEBics and Sncmcs should be pointed
out frequently and made clear to the comprehension of every student,
at least after he has had his flrst year In the study of the forms of
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectit1e;, etc.
(2) PBIMABY and SECONDABY words should also have attention,
but these might be left for the Third Year, as theze require a higher
degree of intelligence and w!der range of thought than do the General
and Special, and yet the Primarv and Becondartl are equally as Import-
ant as the Generic and Bpeci{tc. As examples of the Primar, and
8econdar,, most of the Prepositicms are prlmar,, but DE Is certainly
and 1001 things may be explained from Its mean-
lng that could not be so well explained in any other way.
(3) DYNAMIC and STATIC Ideas require a stfll wider reach of
thought and therefore should not have much attention before the
fourth 11ear of the courae. but then they should be strongly impressed,
for the dUrerences are both great and Important. We shall make
much use of these Ideas in dfscrimfnatlng between words In the body
of our book.
( 4) STANDABDB and THINGS TO BE Mi:ASUBED should have special
attention. THE AUTBOL
West Va. Unfv., Morgantown, W. Va.
Sept. 1, 1907.
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LATIN SYNONYMS
The Unee along which we shall work wlll take the lead of the
four special directions indicated on the last page of our preface,
namely:
(1) 'l'be Generic aad BpecUlc.
(2) Tbe Primai'J and Becondaly.
(8) The Dfll&Dllc aad Static.
( 4) 8taadarda aad Things to be MeaaurecL
(6)
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FIRST CHAPTER
GENERIC AND BPECIFIO IDEAS.
Such aa represent the common, and well-nigh
sal Ideas of action or condition being Geuerlc; and those that repre-
sent special, particular and Individual Ideas of action or condftloa
and of objects or subjects required In analysis tor distinction being
8peci8c. For example, there are but tour absolutey generic fdeae
In all the universe, but these may have sub-generics, and the mb-
generca may aga:n be sub-divided; but 8peci8ca wUl constitute In
all languages the great bu!k of all that words or symbols can repre-
sent. Hence we may conclude, that, If we learn a few hundred
aab-generlca, we shall have Utt!e trouble with the apeclftca. Thfa
we think wfll be made perfectly clear In the study of verba, of which
we arranged many under mb-generlca.
(7)
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Oapere.
Acclpere.
Oonclp61'e,
Beclpere,
Snsclpere,
Perdpere,
Habere,
Aclb.lbere.
Ooblbere,
LA TIN SYNONYMS
(1) L Generic aad Specfftc Icleaa.
take .......... the general tenn for 'take' In any wa7.
" .......... a speclfte term for 'take to one's self.
" . . . . . . . . . . " " 'take together' aa
parts of a whole or
aa persons perform-
..
..
.. ..
..
0
..
..
.. .. ......
..
. .........
(Z)
the one act.
" " 'take to one stele,
"
..
cheat, deceive.
'take oat aa from
the original who:e,
'e:r.cept,' etc., etc.
'take back,' receive,
recover, return, re-
tain, etc., etc
'take apt' carry, sup-
port, endure, etc.
take through or
thOI'OaghlJ't' per-
ceive, etc.
have .... . .... . the general term for 'have in any way.
" . ......... a apecUlc term tor 'baYe to, applf to,
.. ..
"
(8)
bring to, join to, add
to, Invite to, etc.
" 'have together,' con-
fine, control, re-
strain, contain, bold,
etc.
" ff
'have In,' hold ln, re-
strain, check, row
backward, etc.
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LATIN
Perbibere, have .......... ;
Praehlbere, ..
Prphibere,
..
(3)
Dare, give .......... the
SYNONYMS.
g.
'have complete.y,'
propose, say, con-
sider, etc., etc.
'hav ' before one,' as
a he'p, offer, pre-
sent, furnish, af-
ford, etc.
'have bPfore one,' as
a h:ndrance, check,
restrain, etc., etc.
general tlerm for 'give in any way
whatever.
Abdere,
..
.......... a for 'give away,' put
away, withdraw, re-
move, retire, etc.
Add ere,
.. ..
'give to,' add to, In- 0. 0
crease, etc.
Circum dare,
..
gve &J'Onnd,' sur- 0 0.

round, etc .
Oonclere,
.. ..
'give together,' put 0 0
gether, form, com-
pose, co!lect, etc.
Dedere,
..
0 'give up,' surrender,
devote cine's self, etc.

..
'give out,' as from ..........
the orlg'nal,.. report,
publish, etc., e:c.
IDclere,
"
..
'give
Ill,'
0
put in, etc.
Perdere,
.. .. ..
'give completely,' de- 0. 0
stroy, waste, etc.
Ploodere,
"
.. .. ..
'give forth,' pub- 0
Ush, reveal, etc .

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10
Reddere.
Sabdere,
Doaare,
Tradere,
Trlbaere,
Largtrl,
LATIN SYNONYMS.
gtve ..... . ... .
..
.. ..
._._ baek. return,
reflect, retembie, ~
peat, etc., etc.
.-ve aader,' aub-
ject, aubdue, etc.
give .. ....... . . . the special term for making a preaenL
" . . . . . . . . . . . . " " " handing over to
..
..
(4)
another what we
have.
paying what ia
due.
making gifts to
friends.
VeUe, wlsh . .. . . . .... . ... a general ~ ... for wishing anything at
all, a yielding of the
mlnd or heart to any
outgoing impulse after
any desirable object that
may present itself.
Avere, wish ..... . ....... .
..
but stronger than vt>lle,
and giving us our word
avarice, wanting the
world.' never satisfied
with any one tblng .

Oopere;' wish ... . .... . . . .. a specl1lc tenu for 'wishing aome one
Optare, wish . .. . . .... .. . .
thlng eagerly.' From
Cupere we get Cupid
and Cupidity, both
strong terms.
for 'wish the beat,
choose elect, etc .

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LATIN SYNONYMS.
.11
De8Jderare, wish ......... .
Bxoptare. wtah .......... .
()oncoplacere, wish ....... .
(6)
..
tor 'wlsb what one baa
had and lost.
for 'wish eagerly the
best,' an Jntenslfled ope
tare, aa though one'e
long-time flrat choice.
tor 'wishing eagerly and
Intensely one thing,'
the eon being the
strongest lntenslflca.-
Uon.
Abesse, want ...... . ..... a general term, 'away from,' as depart-
ure from some orlglnal
position.
Egere, want. . . . . . . . . . . . . " denoting real need,
lndlgere
Vacare,
D e f t ~
..
sometimes equal to ca.
rere, sometimes equal
dPclde-rare.
'strong need,' absolute
want, from Indo = In
and egere.
" .... . ........ a special term, 'lacking,' having capac-

..
..
"
"
Ity for, but that capac-
Ity unft!led.
'free from'
not desired.
aomthlng
'away from,'. as from
something which has
continued Its departure
or absence lndeft nltelr
'to fall,' as a resource
that has lasted for a
time, but no part of
which Is now on hand.
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LATIN SYNONYMS.
(6)
Ire, go . . .. A 81lb-genaa for actloa, but the moat
general term for go.
Abire, " .. ........... to go away from any place, as one of
many such departures.
Adlre. " ................ to go to a p ace, to approach.
Alltelre, go ............ to go before In t:me or to excel In ac-
tion, but In general simply to pre-
cede.
Clrcamlre, .go ..... . ...... to go round, as In a circle, or figura-
Colre,
Delre,
Exlre,
Interlre,
Oblre,
Plerlre,
tively to cheat or to express by cir-
cumlocution, or even to aollclt voea.
....... to go together, to unite, to combine, to
c u r d ~ e . to freeze, or even to marry.
" . . .... . . to go out, as a part from the whole.
" .... .. ... . . to go I)Ut, as a complete organism, or
as one of many Important factors,
the Ex belonging to those things
only that Indicate Importance or
completeneaa.
" .......... to go In, to enter, to begin, to com-
mence, to undertake.
" .......... to pertah, to be lost among others, to
be destroyed, to die, etc., etc.
" .. ...... .. to come up against, to oppose, to die,
and figuratively to discharge one's
ball.
" ... . ..... . .. to go through, pan away, perish, die,
etc., etc., the per always denoting
the whole diameter of a circle or
sphere.
Praeterlre, " ............ to go by, pass by, omit, not mention,
to outstrip In a race.
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LATIN SYNONYMS. 13
Proclble, go .. . .... . .. to go forth, go forward, advance, ap-
pear as a character ln a play.
Redire, " . to go back, come back, return, come
back to one's senses, etc., etc.
Subfre, " ..... . . to come under, pass under, dive un-
der, take upon one'& self a burden,
even to happen to a person, etc.
Tnmslre, " . ..... .... to go over, but always as a whole
thing from one position to another.
(1)
Venire, come .. .. . . .. . . .. a sub-genus for action, but the most
general term for come.
Advenire, come . . .... . . .. to come to, to happen, to come near, etc.
Antevenfre, " ... ....... to come before, to get the start, to an-
tic! pate, etc.
come . . . .. .. to come round, surround, beset, op-
press, even to cheat.
Convenlre, " . . . ... . to come together, unite, agree upon,
Devenlre,
..
Evenlre
..
Invenlre,
..
Interveolre,
..
Obvenlre,
..
suit, be convenient, be on good
terms, etc.
. .... .. to come to, arrive at, reach, as from
some other position already reached .
. . . . . . . to come out, happen, befa 1, occur, but
always as a whole or something of
great Importance .
. . . . . . . to come upon, to ftnd or ftnd out, to
learn, but not as by searching. Rep-
tel'ire ls used in the sense of finding
by search .
. . . . . . . to come between, Intervene, Interrupt
happen whre something else Is being
done. '
.. ... .. to come In the way of, to meet, to hap-
pen, fall to the lot of, etc., etc.
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Penentre,
PraeveDll'e,
Provelllre,
BabYelllre,
Buperventre,
LATIN SYNONYMS.
come .... .. . to come to, reach, attain to, etc., etc.
(8)
" . .. .... to come before, anticipate, get the start
..
..
..
..
of, etc .
. . . . . . . to come forth or forward, appear upon
stage, shoot forth as a plant, grow,
even to succeed or prosper .
. . . . . . . to come back, return domum or In
urbem .
. . . . . . . to come up to aid, to help, auccour, to
remedy or relieve, but always close
. . . . . . . to come over, to arrive, to coma upon
unexpectedly
. . . . . . . trans representing the side oppolllte that
on which you stand, trans-vf'n're
wou"d be an Impossible Idea. Trans-
Ire fa all right, because the person
can go from your s!de to the opposite.
but he cannot "come" from your side
to the side opposite you; that Is 'go.'
'Come' always means toward self.
Al1 language must be supposed to
have been developed as from the stand-
point of the ftrst person.
Noecere, know ....... ... a sob-genus of comprehension, but the
general term for 'know.
Novisse (pf.nOIIcere) 'know'. used as a present, perhaps because the
original Idea was to get possession, to
grasp, and hence, 'I have grasped'
(mentally), was 'to know.'
Didlcflll&, know .......... as 'to have learned.' hl'lng the result or
effect of the causative 'tea('h.'
Tenere, know . .. .... . . . .. as 'to hold or possess.' being the equiv-
alent of novisse, In that It Is a present
possession.
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LATIN SYNONYMS.
IDteWgere, know ..... . ... but this Ia by comparlaon of two or
more things brought before the mind.
In other words, we have noted the
difference.
Oogaoecere, know . . ... . .. a strengthened form of noacere, and so
meaning thoroughly considered.
Aeclpere, know ... . ... . .. In the sense of 'receive. I have It by
Its having been given to me from
others; I did not get it by investiga-
tion.
Oomperlre, know .. .. . . ... as having been found out by thorough
search.
Scire, know . .. .. ........ a shortened {?) form of n0<1Ce1'e, the
change to a fourth conjugation being
made for the sake of euphony. This
verb is general'y used for 'knowing
by experience,' and so Ia opposed to
oplnor and arbltror.
Cogltare,
Oplnarl.
Pntare,
Arbltrarl,
ee.isere,
Ctoedere.
ladleare,
{9)
think .... ... . . . as to be conscious of one's Ideas.
..
..
..
..
..
..
.... . .... . as to suppose from some view taken of
an object that Ia brought to our at-
tention
. . . . . . . . . . as counting over or estimating values,
to reckon, to weigh, and h ~ n c e often
to believe .
. . . . . . . . . . to express an opinion as a wltneaa, even
to hear or perceive.
.......... to express an opinion as a senator, to
appraise as an assessor, even to vote .
. . . . . . . . . . to trust because of a well-grounded
opinion -the half-way to know! edge.
. . . .. . ... . to judge after examination has been
made.
,
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LATIN SYNONYMS.
Sen tire,
Statuere,
th:nk . .. . ..... as to depend on the senses.
" ...... .. .. by coming to a fixed determination.
(10)
s nere,
Patt
allow . .. . . .. as a matter of the will, I am wllling.
" .. ... ....... as a matter of weakness, I cannot
Concedere,
PermittC'Te,
help tt.
ar ow .. .... as a yielding to some request.
" . . .. .. ... as giving permission for something to
be done.
(11)
Specere, perceive . . ..... as simply to look at, behold, or see .
Aspicere,
..
Clrcumsplcere,
Conspicere,
Despicere,
Inspicere,
Introspicere,
Plersplcere,
Prosplcere,
Respicere,
. . . . . . . to look at something, to face It, even to
withstand or confront, to Investigate,
to perceive.
perceive . .. . to look round, to consider carefuly.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. . . . . to look at close:y or to view as many
persons at one time .
. . . . . to look down upon, desp:se, but often
s i m p ~ y to look down from a higher
position .
. . . . . . to look Into, examine, contemplate, In-
spect, even to become acqualntel
with .
. . . . . to look Into closely,-(1) to be wlthl!l.
and then ( 2) to look .
. . . . . to look through and through, to exam-
Ine thoroughly.
. . .. . to look forward, to foresee, even to
provide for or procure .
. . . . . to look back, to reflect, observe, as by
going over the same ground a second
or third time.
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Suapleere,
Transpleere,
LATIN SYNONYMS. 17
.perceive ..... to look backward, as by viewing at a
..
..
{12)
distance things :l:ready once passed .
. . . the opposite of desptct'J'e, and hence to
look up to, honor, but often to merely
look up from a lower position .
. . . . to look at something on the other side .
Sen tire,
Assentire,
perceive ........ but by the sensee.
Consentlre
Penentlre,
Praeaentlre,
Subsentlre,
Perclpere,
Audlre,
Notare,
" ........ (1) to perceive and then (2) to ac-
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
knowledge the fact, ancl hence to
assent .
. . . . . {1) to perceive and then (2) all to
come to the same conclusion, and
hence to agree .
. . . . . . . . to perceive distinctly or to feel deeply .
....... . to have a presentiment or premonition .
. .. to notice or perceive secretly.
........ to seize upon mentally, and hence to
learn .
. ..... through the sense of hearing alone.
. ...... as by marking and then observing the
marks or slgn1.
Animadvertere, perceive .... as by turning the whole Inner man
upon and about any person or thing.
Cognoscere, perceive ...... as by becoming thoroughly acquainted
Obeervare,
..
lntelligere,
..
(13)
with all the features
.as by keeping the person or facts al-
ways before one's self .
. . . . . . . as by making comparisons of conduct
today with that of yesterday or to-
morrow.
Vtdere, perceive .......... by separaUng one thing from all othen.
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LATIM SYNONYMS.
Oil'CUIIlYicJel'e (!) peree.l.,e .. aa lmposalble coaeept, for the almple
reason that vtdere sees only the one
thtag separate from others.
Evidere (?) perceive ...... aa lmpoulble concept, because E means
InYiclere,
Praevidere
Prevldere,
Supervidere,
(U)
..
..
"
..
..
"
'out from within,' and 'to see out
from within' would not be separation
of one thing from all others .
. . . . . . to look upon some one thing steadily,
and hence as envious .
. . . . . . to look through and through, and hence
to distinguish .
. . . . . . to see. as It were, something Immedi-
ately before us, to foresee .
. . . . . . to see forward, and hence to provide
for the one thing needed .
. . . . . . to see again some one thing or several
considered as one .
. . . . . . to supervise some . one thing ae distinct
from a'l others, or some several
thlap considered as one.
Cernere, perceive ........ by ftrst collecting and then distributing
..
Dl8cel'llere,
..
..
locernere,
"
and then selecting. See Vldere above.
Vldere first of all, separates the one
thlag from all others .
. . . . . . . . Is a secondary Idea, and hence deelsloo
follows selection .
. . . . . . . . makes a decision or difference between
any two or more of the things clase-
tfted .
. . . . . . . . sorts out the one class from the other,
each having its own characteristics .
. . . . . . . . sift upon, but always with the notion
of collection first.
Digitized by Coogle
LATIN SYNONYMS. 19
8eceloael'e, perceive ........ to put asunder things that are in a col-
Apertre,
Adaperire,
Patere,
mare,
I
Patefadel'e,
Patl'ftcere,
Resei'U'e,
Pertorare,
Recludere,
Paadere,
Del cere,
Ezpaadere,
Parpre,
Evolvere,
Inaugurare,
Revolvere,

Reslgn..-e,

Solvere,
lected state.
(16)
open ........ r . to expose to view, to open up what has
"
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
"
"
..
..
"
..
"
..
..
"
been concealed, but not what has
been shut. Rlecludere Is to open
what has been shut.
.......... to open fully doors or gates.
.......... to open up by spreading out very thinly
anything that has been fo1ded up.
. ....... to open as by gaping, to open the mouth
In astonishment, to long for.
. ....... to make open or wide-spread.
. ....... to lie open or cause to open wide.
. ....... to unclose a door, even to tear open
. ....... to open by piercing through, to perfo-
rate.
. ....... to open as gates that have been closed.
. ....... to open by spreading out, but not thinly.
........ to open by felllng the trees.
........ to open by explaining as in giving the
parts one by one .
. . . . . . . . to open by purifying, cleansing, etc.
. ....... by unrolllng what has been involved.
. ....... by getting the auspices beforehand.
........ by ro:Ung backward what had been
ro 'led forward .
. . . . . . . . by consecrating for use a temple hith-
erto closed .
. . . . . . . by unsealing letters or wllls.
. ....... by dedicating a temple hitherto un-
finished .
. . . . . . . . by loosening what has been bound.
Digitized by Coogle
20 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Discedere, open .... caelum dlscedit, as the departure o1
cloud&
Dehlscere, "
" ........ by the making of an Incision .
. . . . . . . . by the of the earth.
....... by bursting into a place.
........ by wounds opening afresh.
lncidere, "
Recrod naaere, "
Porrtgere,
Explall&l'e,
Secare,
Detegere,
Rt>tegere,
ExpUcare,
lnterpretari,
" ........ by stretching out the hands wide open.
" . . ..... by spreading out as in or on a plain.
" .... ... by In pieces.
" ........ by taking off the roof.
" ........ by opening up the roof.
..
. by unfolding what has been folded.
" ... ... .. by making dlstlncttons between 'sub-
jects hitherto confused.
(16)
Olaudere, shut .......... a sub-genus of "comprehension," the
general term for "close, shut ln."
CJiocumcludere, shut ..... . to shut in on all sides, circum allowing
Concludere,
..
Excludere,
..
lnclodere,
..
lutercludere,
..
more space than con
. . . . . . to shut in closel7 on all sides, con rep-
resenting close grasp.
...... to shut out, but ex as heretofore mean-
ing not to shut out a little piece of
something, but to shut out some en-
tire organism. Is there an abclodere?
...... to shut In, but usually not a piece of
anything, but some entire organism,
in being employed as the opposite
of ex
. . . . . . those who cll'C11Dlc:ude hold those who
are intercluded, inter llke circum al-
lowing space for the things Inter-
eluded.
Digitized by Goog le
Occludere,
Praecladea1e,
Recladere,
Secladere.
LATIN SYNONYMS. Zl
shut ... . .. to shut up, as a house. or to shut In what
..
..
..
needs to be guarded
. . . . . . to close In front, but always wl:h the
thought of what Is near at hand. The
word Is used for shutting a person'g
mouth.
... ... to shut back, and so to open whllt has
been not what seems to havo
been originally encased or encrusted.
. . ... . to shut otf to Itself, as a person or thing
put in some other position or condi-
tion wtthout or on the outside of
others. Hence the word Is often
used In the sense of 'banish.' 'To ban-
Ish cares' Is caras secladere.
(17)
Dncere, lead .. .... . . ... . a sub-genus for 'action,' but a general
Abdacere, lead
Addacere, "
Clrcamdacere,
Condacere,
Dedacere,
term for 'lead,' 'draw,' 'drag,' the
actor or doer going before.
. ......... to lead away from any place, cond:tlon
or relation, a man from the forum, a
save from his master, a personfrom
his allegiance, etc., etc.
. . . ... .. . . just the opposite of abt'lacere.
lead . . .. . . . to lead round, but not close to the
things mentioned.
" .. . . . . . to lead together, and so necessarily Into
..
connection. Con and In holcf
about the same relation to each other
as Circum and Inter
. . . . . . . to lead away, as denoting that, of what
has been In some original or home
position, there Is a departure to an-
other position.
Digitized by Goog le
Jl
Indacere,
Introdacere,
Obdacere,
Perdu cere,
Praeducere,
Pl'odacere,
Sed a cere,
Sabdacere,
LATIN SYNONYMS.
lead .. . ... to lead out, and always as we have
said, some completed organism or
some entire body from one place to
another .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. . . . . . . for 'putting on clothes: but carrying, as
before said, the concept of into close
connection .
. . . . . . . to Introduce, the concept being that of
bringing from the outside to the In-
side, but not neceuarlly Into close
relations .
. . . . . . . to draw over or in front, as a cover;
to wrlnke the brow, and even to
spend time .
. . . . . . . to lead or bring to any place or condi-
tion, the per carrying the meaning
of all the way through, as the full
diameter of c!rcle or sphere .
. . . . . . . to lead forward, . but differing from pro.
dacere in that prae is more immedi-
ately In front than pro
. . . . . . . to lead forward, but In the sense of go-
Ing on into more distant time or
space. Pro may be in the next cen-
tury .
. . . . . . . to lead back, as In returning troops to
quarers once occupied, or to bring
back to memory what once we had
learned .
. . . . . . . to lead to themselves, to exclude from
the view of others .
. . . . . . . to lead away secretly, and yet often
used of hills sloping gradually down-
ward.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS.
Transducere, lead ........ . to lead over or across, as from our
Adsequi,
Coneequi,
Exsequi,
lnsequi,
Obsequi,
Pereequi,
Prosequi,
Resequi,
(18)
side of bridge or river or other sep..
aratlng line.
'follow' .......... a sub-genus of ''e:lteDsloo," the general
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
"
..
term for 'follow.
.. . . ... . .. to follow, but properly to follow up to
that which precedes.
. ... .... to follow as a consequence, either In '.l
compact body or lntent:y, fully, com-
pletely.
....... .. . to follow out, as something from within
to the outside, and so quisque spem
exsequitur, or a person fo!lows a
corpse, etc .

. . . . . . . . . . to follow Into and In close contact with
the object pursued. Hence, to pursue
an enemy.
.. . ... ... . almost an Impossible concept, but a
dog often jumps up almost to the
face Of his master, when the dog Is
glad to go with the master. Here te
compliance, ollsequlousness .
. . . . . . . . . . to pursue, and, as per Implies, 'all the
way through.' Hence, to penecut6.
... ... ... . to follow forward, but In the sense of
accompanying. In a hostlle senee,
attack or pursue.
. . .. . ... .. to fo"low what has gone before, and ee
to answer some one by words .
. . . . . . . . . . to follow c!ose behind, and so often 'to
eompJy with,' 'to Imitate.'
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS.
(19)
'stand' .......... the generic Idea of "Umltation," ani
..
Adstare,
..
Antestare,
..
the moat common word In LaUn for
location
. . . . . . . . . . to stand at a distance, reckoning from
any certain point, as though having
goae from that point. -
. .. . ..... to stand near, as one having come near .
. . . . . . . . . . to s+and before, to surpass, as simply
be-Ing before, not as having gone
there. '
Ofrcnm.stare, 'stand' ...... to stand round but not near by, clrcnm
Oonstue,

Dlstare,
Eutare,
Inatare,
Obstare,
Perstare,
Praestare,
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
allowing much space.
. ..... to stand close together, hence 'to con-
sist of,' to stand ftrm, to be resolved,
even to cost,' as we say In English .
. . .... to be apart, as towers 80 feet
each other, inter and dis al:owing
large space .
.. . ... to stand out, as something entire or
representing an entirety, not as a
piece of some whole thing
. ..... to stand in or on, and hence often to fol-
low c'ose!y, to pursue .
. ..... to stand in oppoaltlon, and hence to
hinder,
...... to stand all the way through, to be
ftrm, to persist, persevere .
. . . . . . to stand before, excel, as occupy!ng a
position, even as having an opln'on
and giving that in consequence of
pre-eminence.
Digitized by Coogle
Pros tare,
Subs tare,
Superstare,
LATIN SYNONYMS. 25
'stand' .... . . to stand forward, as one who puts him-
(20)
self In that position.
" . .. to stand back, In this case as never hav-
ing been advanced, and hence our
'rest' as what remains or has not
been used.
" . .. . . to stand ftrm, as a foundation still close
beneath Its burden.
" . . .. . to stand over or upon, as occupying a
pos' tlon abOve that of sub. Soper Is
a comparative of sub, just as In
Greek Buper Is the comparative of
Bupo.
Sedere, 'sit' ............. a sub-genus of "limitation," the general
term for 'sit' and closely related to
'stand' and 'set.'
A.ssidere, 'sit' . ..... .. ... . to sit near, and hence often used for
, giving comfort, advice, etc.
Clrcumsidere, 'sit' ..... . l d b
1
..,. ___ ....,. , It' c to sit roun , es ege, etc .
..., ... " ...... ~ e r e , s ... . . . J
Considere, 'sit' .... . ...... to sit down together, In an assembly or
court, but stones or Umber fall to the
ground, settle, sink, and waves sub-
Desldere,
Dissidere,
Insidere,
Obstdere,
aide.
" . . . ... . .. . to sit away, hence to s' nk down, settle,
even as mora!s, to deteriorate.
'' ... . .. . .. . to sit apart, hence, to be distant or
even hostl'e. Of clothing, not to ftt.
" . . . . . . . . . . to sit upon, even to Inhabit, or as birds
or bees to settle, perch, or as seed to
take root, etc., etc.
" . ... .... .. to sit down or remain anywhere, t'l
blockade, besiege, Invest, beset a
place, etc., etc.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS.
Penedele, 'ait' .......... to set'le down, to remain attttnc all the
way through.
Pnlesldere, " .......... to sit before and hence to act as prett-
ldent, to be pre-eminent, govern,
manage, etc., etc.
Besidere, " .......... to remain sitting, to abide, stay, and
even to depend upon.
Subsldere, " .......... to sit down, to crouch, lie In walt, and
as waves to subside.
Supersedere, " .......... to aft above, remain above, and ftgu-
(21)
ratlvely to be above doing anything,
omit, leave off, etc.
Vertere, ' turn' .......... the general term for turu in an7 direr
tlon.
Advertere, " ......... to turn to some one thing .
Antevertere, "
Avertere,
..
Clrcumvertere,
Convertere,
Controvertere,
Revertere,
Divert ere,
Evert ere,
. . . . . . . . . . to turn to one thing In preference to
others .
. . . . . . . . . . to turn away from one or many thlnge.
'turn' ...... to turn or twist round, even to defraud.
" ....... to turn completely round, either from
one direction to the opposite or from
one point In the circle or sphere to
any other.
" ...... to turn a broadside as by complete
refutation.
" ...... to turn aside from the way, as In going
..
..
to an Inn, or to have recourse to, or
to d'greaa from one thought to an-
other.
...... to turn away, diverge from, differ .
. ..... to overturn, throw doWD, raze to the
foundations, even to turn up the
waters by the winds.
Digitized by Coogle
Interver'tere,
lntrovertere (!)
Obvertere,
Pervertere,
Praevertere,
Revertere,
Subvertere,
Transvertere,
LATIN SYNONYMS. Z7
turn ...... to turn over, turn upside down, trana-
poae, alter, pervert, etc., etc.
" ...... to embetz!e, to turn what belonged to
"
..
..
"
"
"
..
one over to another, to defraud, nen
to spend or lavish one's own.
. ..... to turn wrong side out.
...... to turn towards or against, to oppose .
. . ... . to turn thoroughly, turn upside down.
. . .... to undertake before or In preference,
to cause to turn, preoccupy .
. . . . . . to. turn back, revert to previous state-
ments or a former discourse, as well
as come back. to persons or plaeee.
...... to overthrow, ruin, destroy, by putting
what was at the bottom on top.
. ..... to turn across, as by making a verti-
cal to become horizontal, and vice
versa.
(22)
Cedere, 'go' .............. 'proceed,' or 'retire,' as the general
term ror 7felding to an overpowering
Influence.
Accedere, 'go' ............ to approach, even to be added as In-
crease.
Alltecedere, 'go' .......... to go before In space or time, sometimes
Concedere,
to overtake.
" ....... . .. to go away, depart, withdraw, to yield
to, the Con being Intensive or repre-
senting more than one actor.
" .......... to go away, as by yielding to necessity
or fate.
Digitized by Goog le
Z8
Dlscedere,
Excedere,
Iucedere,
lute reed ere,
Occedere,
Procedere,
Recedere,
Secedere,
Succedere.
LATIN SYNONYMS.
go ........ to go asunder, separate rnto two parts,
even to come out of a contest victor
or vanquished.
" ...... . ... to go out, as a whole from that which
has confined one's operations, hence
often used of 'liigreBBion from a sub-
ject.
" . ......... to ~ o In, but as entering upon what
may be a doubtful contest or a dtf!l.-
cult enterprise.
" .. o l'n hetween, but always with the Idea
that it Is the less or the weaker be-
fore the greater or the stronger.
" .......... to meet, as by going Into the presence
or even the sight of a person.
" . ....... . . to go before, as a ranking omcer, and
hence often carrying the concept of
surpassing some other person.
" .......... to go forwar!f, and orten as turDJng out
well or prosperoUBIJ.
" . . . . . . . . . . to recede, as giving way to powers with
wh!ch we can no longer contend.
" ........ to withdraw, as a part to itself.
" .. ...... . . to follow, as coming up close behind,
and always with the thought of in-
feriority, at least ror the time being,
to the forces with which we meet or
may meet on the way.
8upercedere (!) 'go' ...... to go to the higher position, but with
the Idea of having occup!ed tbe
lower.
(23)
Grad!, 'atep' ............ . as the general term for "Walk' or go
by the upward and rorward move-
ment.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 29
Aggredi, 'step' .......... to go to or approach, either to address
a person or to make an attack, often
simp y to begin an undertaking.
Alltegredl, " ... to go on before, either In time or place.
Circumgredl, 'step' ..... . .. to go round, especially with hostne

Degredl,
ntgredl,
Egredi,
"
lngredl
lntrogredi,
"
Praegredl,
"
"
"
Regredl,
"
Intent.
. ....... to meet, not as in concedere, but aa
equals, either as enemies or simply
as disputants.
... . .... to step down, to descend from mountain
to p aln, even to dismount from a
horse.
. . .. . ... to depart, as from the beaten track or
even as the moon not keeping up with
the sun.
... . .. . . to go out, as from any large space, but
always with the Idea of a whole and
not as a piece of any whole.
. . .... .. to go In or Into, to enter upon a jour-
ney, to commence a speech.
...... . . to enter, not as onto a line, but as
within the boundaries of some en-
closure.
........ to go before, as a superior, and ~ o to
outstrip. Sometimes used for going
beyond or marching past In the sense
of praetergredl
. . . . . . . . to go beyond, as In marching.
........ to go forward, to advance as an equal
from one position to another .
. . . . . . . . to go back, as an army In retreat, but
rather as retracing Its steps, not as
having been conquered.
Digitized by Goog le
30 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Ret.rogredl, 'step' .......... to move backwards lnstea.cl of forwards,
Subpedl,
..
Supergredl,
..
Transgredi,
..
(24)
but not as those who are compelled
thua to move.
........ to go to for attack, and hence to get
c.ose, even though on lower ground.
. ....... to pass above, that Is ,to take a posi-
tion higher or better than that occu-
pied by another.
........ to pass over, that is, to the other side
or the other party.
Mittere, 'send' ... . ........ the general term for transmitting from
ourselves through others Information
or property.
Adm.ittere, 'send' .. .. . . ... to let go, to turn over, as It were, the
reins to a horse, to gtve a person the
privilege of an audience or even to
share an undertaking.
Circ1UDDlittere, 'send' ...... to send in a roundabout way or ln all
Committere,
..
Demittere,
..
Dimlttere,
..

..
directions .
. . . . . . to unite, as forces in a battle, to en-
trust, as the neck to the barber .
. . . . . . to Jet down, to lead on an army to a
lower position, to san down a river,
even tp let one's self down, to be
come discouraged
. . . . . . to send in different directions, to Jet
things go through the fingers, to
leave or abandon a siege, etc., etc .
. . . . . . to send out, as soldiers from a fort or
station, as sounds from the throat, as
a debtor from his debt, etc., etc.
Digitized by Coogle
LATIN SYNONYMS.
31
Immittere, 'send' .... . . to send in, as vessels into ftght, as cav-
lntermittere,
lntromittere,
Omittere,
Pennittere,
Praemittere,
Praetennittere,
Promittere,
Remittere,
Sobmittere,
'l'rAilSJnittere,
(25)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
alry for attack, as darts agalut an
enemy, etc., etc .
. . . . . . to leave space between, to abandon for
a time, to let time pass, etc., etc .
. . . . . . to send in, as legiones in hostem
...... o let go, as though o in omittere wer_,
an equal av equal ab, and meant
'away.'
.. .... to let go, as horses against an enemy,
to surrender as power to any one, to
make allowance for, as for anger, etc .
. . . . . . to send before, as dispatches or troops .
.. .... to let pass, as neglecting time or oppor-
tunity .
. . . . . . to let go forward, and hence to promise .
. . ... . to :et go back, and hence to loosen the
reins, to give up, to abate .
. . . . . . to let myself down, to send the eyes up
from below (we say to took up), even
to produce
. . . . . . to let pass over, to lead from one point
to another, to ieave unnoticed, to en-
trust to another, etc., etc.

Emere, 'take' . ...... .. . .. but generally used for 'boy' or 'pur-
cllaae.'
Sumere, ' t a k ~ up' . . ..... . as to take to one's self any piece ot
property that may be bought, bor-
rowed or hired, and even to assume
what may not be natural.
Digitized by Goog le ..
32 LATIN SYNONYMS
Asaumere, 'take up' ...... to take for one's assistance, as from an-
Conanmere,
Desumere,
Insumere,
..
Praesumcr.-,
..
Resumere,
..
(26)
other source, to claim, as something
belonging to one's self .
. . . . . . . . to take up completely, and hence to
use up, to waste, to destroy.
to choose or select, as anything from
a secondary source, even as enemies
for one's self .
. . . . . . . . to take for anything, as time or money
for the of a purpose.
. . . . . . . to take beforehand, as remedies or as
food, to anticipate, to Imagine, take
for granted, etc., etc .
. . . . . . . . to take again, as tablets for writing;
to renew, as a battle; to recover, as
strength, etc., etc.
Ponere, 'put, place' . . . . . . the general term for 'put or 'place' an7
where, but specifically down as on a
level.
Anteponere, 'put, place' .. to put before, as dinner for some one;
to put before, as In front of others;
to prefer, as friendship to all human
things.
Apponere,
..
Circumponere,
..
Componere,
..
.. to put to, as to add years to life; to
serve, as a dish for the table; to
count as !fain, as to put on the debit
side, etc. etc .
. . to put round, as to encircle a grove or
to put troops around a 'City .
. . to put together, compose, settle, com-
pare, dispose of things that . are scat-
tered.
Digitized by Coogle
Deponere,
Exponere,
lmponere,
Interponere,
Opponere,
Postpcmere,
Praeponere,
Prononere,
Reponere,
6eponere,
LATIN SYNONYMS. 33
'put, place' . . to put down, as the head on the earth;
to lay, as a wager or as a prize; to
lay aside, as an o11lce; to lay up, as
money .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. . to set forth, as In explanation; to land
troops, as from a ship; to expose for
sale, as wares or produce in the
market .
. . to put In, as some one in a sepulcher;
to put on ship, as soldiers for another
country; to impose upon, as to cheat,
wrong, and defraud .
. . to put between, as anything that may
or should occupy intervening apace
or time
. . to put opposite, as men for their coun-
try; to opp<JBe, as an argument, etc.
.. the opposite of anteponere, and so to
put behind what should be before .
. . to put before, as a commander for the
troops, the thought being that he is
in close touch with the troops .
. . to put forward, as that which may be
seen, but not Implying nearness to
the eyes, to report, as news, etc., etc.
. . to put back, as to restore anything to
i s place; to recrne, as at the tab:e on
the left elbow; to cause to rest, as
hope In virtue, etc., etc .
. to put to Itself, and hence to separate
from others for a purpose, as th&
captured money for building a temple.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS.
suppc!lllme, ' put, place' .. to put under, as eggs under hens; to
aow. aa the teeth of vipers; to
forge. aa fa:se wllls.
superponere, . . to put over, as an ornament to the head:
Transponere,
..
(27)
to aet up, as In a station of authority .
. . to tranaport, aa soldiers about to go
into a foreign land.
Ks&e, 'be' .. . . ... .... .. . u the general term for continued con-
aclousnesa. The perfect tu1 Is closely
connected with our verb 'be' and car-
ries the concept of 'origin.'
Abes&e, " .. ... ... .. ... to be away, as from any one of many
positions.
A.desae, " .. ... . . . . . ... to be preaent, aa at some certain place.
Deesae. " ... .... .. .... to be w ~ n t l n g , as falling to be present
for duty.
1neaee. " . . . . . ... . . ... . to be In or on, as a fault In our charac-
ters. or as a blot on our escutcheon.
Interesse " . . . . . . . . ... . .. to be between, aa of time or space; to
be present and take part In, as at a
feast; to be Interested, aa In noting
differences.
Obesse. " . .. . . ... .. . . .. to be In the way, aa pre1udlclal to; to
hinder, as occupying the road to be
passed over.
Praeesse, " . . .. ... . . .. .. . to be at the head of, as a commander
of troops. Caesar uses the word
often In connection with his com-
manders.
Prodesse, ' be' .. . .. ... .. . . to be useful, as the opposite of obesse.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS.
Sube&ee, 'be' ............ to be behind or near at hand, aa the
day Is near, just after the flrst light
comes from the east; to be In quea.
tlon, to exist, as when no suspicion of
danger Is thought of.
Supereue, " . ... . ....... to be over and above, as a remnant or
(28)
as a superfluity, and hence after a
battle, Caesar said so many super-
taeraut.
.-\gere, 'do' .. .. . .... ...... the most general term for 'action to
be found In the Latin, the same root
ag being found also In Greek.
Ahtgere, 'do' . . . ..... ... . to drive away, as birds or beasts; to
banish or get rid or, as to remove
whatever Is troublesome or In one's
way .
. -\dJgere, " . . ..... . . . . . to drive to, as catt'e from other places
to our place; to summon a.man to
court, to swear him In, etc., etc .
.'\mblgere, " . .. . ...... . . to go about or around, and hence to-
dtapute or contend at law or other-
wise, even to doubt, hesitate, or be
uncertain.
Cii'C1Uilagere, 'do' .. .. . . .. to drive or turn round in a circle, as
persons or animals. The master who
freed his slave took the slave by the
rtsht hand and turned him round.
Degere, " . .... .. . to pass time, as In spending some detl-
nlte remlntng time of life.
F.:dr;ere. " .... . .. to drive out, aa persons or animals
from some place, to complete or
tlnish, as a monument; to demand, as
money.
Digitized by Goog le
.. -
36 LA TIN SYNONYMS.
Peragere, 'do' ........ to pierce through, and hence to com-
plete.
Praeteragere, " ........ to drive past, as a horse beyond any
designated spot.
Redigere, " ........ to drive back, as the cavalry of the
enemy; to bring back, as something
to one's memory.
Retroagere, " ........ to drive back, as men or animals from
their wanderings.
Sublgere, " ........ to drive under, as swine under the
shade; to compel one to act against
his will, as men to surrender.
Transigere, " ........ to drive through, as by stabbing with
(29)
a sword; to finish, as a business in
hand; to put an end to a dispute, etc.
Facere, 'make' ... . ...... sub-generic to agere, to do some definite
work, as to make a t a b ~ e or book, etc.
Aftlcere, .. . ........... sub-specffl.c to abigere, and so to affect
or influence either body or mind.
Benefacere, '!Jlake' ........ to do well, as one who undertakes to
Conftcere,
..
Deft cere,
..
Eftlcere,
..
Inftcere,
do nothing otherwise .
. . . . . . . . to complete some definite action, and
hence to destroy .
. . . . . . . . to rebel or revolt, as from a king; to
fall, as acting away from our proper
sphere; to be discouraged, and hence.
to abandon
. . . . . . . . to effect or produce, as some complete
outgoing of our efforts .
. . . . . . . . to Infect, as to operate upon the hidden
springs of life, and hence to polson.
Digitized by Coogle
LATIN SYNONYMS. 37
Interftcere, "make' ........ to kill, as by making openings In the
Malefacere,
om cere,
Perftcere,
Praeflcere,
PrOflcere,
Proflclsci,
Reftcere,
sum cere,
..
..
..
..
..
(30)
body, as lt were space between vital
organs or parts of the body .
. . . . . . . . the oppos'te of benefacere, and hence to
do Ill In any possible way .
. . . . . . . . to be In the way of, as grasses or weeds
In the way of growing vegetab es, as
a man In the way of hls neighbor .
. . . . . . . . to finish, as by making what was out-
lined a complete work.
........ to put In charge, as a commander who
shall be In close touch with those
whom he leads .
. . . . . . . . to make forward, as by making proofs
of efticlency or of being advantageous .
. . . . . . . . to go forward, as In setting out on ii
journey, and even of proceeding from
a place as a source.
. . ...... to remake, restore, refit, reform, re-
build, etc., as doing over what has
been undone.
... . .. . . to provide or supply, as by bringing up
what has been lost and so replacing
as it were from the !ower ranks or
levels what has gone from the higher.
Ferre, 'carry' ....... . ..... the most general term for 'transfer,'
find found In more forms In a I the
Aryan tongues than any o ~ h e r word.
Adterre, 'carry' .... . ... . . to bring to a person or place, as an
addl'lon to what one has as news,
as a favor or as an Injury.
o;
9
,tized by Goog le ...
38
LATIN SYNONYMS.
ADteferre, 'carry' ......... to put In front what baa never been
AW!erre,
..
behind .
. . . . . . . . . . to carry away, and hence to steal, even
to draw a person away from bla pur-
pose.
Clrcamferre, 'carry' . .. ... to carry round, as the eyes In all direc-
tions, to spread reports, etc., etc.
Conterre, " ...... to bring together, either for good or
Deferre,
Etrerre,
Gerere,
tnterre,
lntroferre,
Obferre,
Perferre,
Postfei'J'e,
Praefei'I'E',
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
bad purposes, to contribute money,
to unite strength, or to flght band to
hand .
. . . . . . to bear away or down, as anything
from one place to another .
. . . . . . to bring out, to publish, remove, any
complete thing from Its surrounJlngs .
. . . . . . to carry on, not as terre, 'to transfer,'
but to carry continually as a knife
In the pocket .
. . . . . . to bring In or upon, as force against
an enemy or as favor to friends.
...... to bring within, as food from without
for the household.
. . . .. . to offer, as to bring one's se!f or other
help to friends or against enemies,
by putting one's self Immediately In
front .
. . . . . . to carry through as by completing the
whole diameter of a circle or sphere,
even to suffer to the end .
. . . . . . the opposite of antefCJ'I'(':, hence, In-
stead of preference, there Is little
value placed on tho thlng mentioned .
. . . . . . to carry In front, as a torch and always
close to one's s e ~ f.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 39
Profene, ' carry' . ... . . to carry forth or forward, ancl hence to
bring to light or reveal.
PraeterfeJTe, .. . . . to carry past t h ~ goal or some desig-
nated point.
Referre, " . . . . .. to carry back, and so to report, even to
restore to a former condition.
Subferre, " ...... to carry, as a person being underneath,
and hence to endure as suffering.
Superfetft. " .. .. . . to carry over or beyond, as by going
Trausferre,
..
over a mountain with the burden on
the shoulders .
. . . . . . to carry over, but not above, only to
the other side.
Digitized by Goog le
SECOND CHAPTER
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IDEAS.
Such as represent ftrst thoughts on any subject, as One .In
counting, as I ln pronouns, as of and up ln Prepositions, as am and
Is ln verbs, etc., etc. being Plimary; and those that represent nec-
essarily secondary thoughts, as Two ln count111g, as Thou ln pro-
nouns, as Down and Through ln prepositions, as See and Seek ln
verbs, etc., etc., being SecondarJ.
We have m e r e ~ y Introduced the subject ln a few pages, so as
to open the way for further Investigations, and wlll often refer
to these pages in the body of the work, so that the student may
become well grounded in the princip:es and may carry the analysis
into other languages, tt he so elflcts.
t .tO)
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 41
n. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IDEAS.
Agere, 'set In motion is primary as shown by l :a definition, and
represents the most general
term for action of any kind.
Deglere, 'pass onward,' Is secondary as shown by Its deftnWon and
represents the specific action of
passing over that part of a
road yet untraveled.
The forowlng Prepositions exhibit very clearly the character-
Istics of Primar:es:
Ad, 'to,' with gerundives Indicates the purpose of the undertaking
and this In genera' :a extended 'nto 'to place' to be rearhed
as a matter of anticipation or as a fact remembered The
Ad idea :a always primary with reference to the De idea.
Hence De Is secondary.
Ab, 'from,' as from border or boundary, and Indicating the outcome
of only part of any Inner power or For ex-
ample, a sole means the heat and l ight coming little
by IHtle; a Caesare Is the use of only part of Caesar's
energy.
Ante, 'before, primary and representing the position occupied or to
be occupied before any other position that may be
conceived.
AdYersus, 'toward,' 'against,' as meet' ng any person or thing on
our line of movement. Contra represents opposition In
every dlrec .fon,-a "broadside."
Adversum; 'toward,' 'aganst,' as the neuter form of adversus, rep-
the general and not the specific opposition.
Apnd, 'at,' 'near,' Indicates the fitness of the presence. The person
who Is apud me or apud popolum Is for the time being
where be shou:d be. He Is a guest of honor and feels
welcome.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS.
Ob, 'against. on account of.' tndlcat.es the fac'ng of an object which
ts near at hand. Used wt:h general and not special
objects, as for examples, ob rem, but not ob spem. We
say proptt'r splem, and quam ob rem, because ob, except
sometimes In poetry, goes with general and not with
specific Ideas. Propter spem Is 'on account of' hope yet
to be realized, while Ob goes back to an affair or cause
already known and est!mated.
E or ex, 'from,' but 'out from within.' particularly a.S
largely of what Is within, as exhibiting all the essential
qua lUes or characteristics of the w' thtn.
ID, 'In, Into,' always represents a posl:lon hken or to be taken
as only part of tbe space referred to. In ho:ds about
the same relation to con that toter holds to clrcnm. ID
and Con allow less space than fnter and cfrcnm.
Inter, 'between.' being a posteon as reated to the one object
as to the other, and hence often expressing the of
rec:proctty. Inter annos means during the years ,but
In the sense of as much with one as with the
other. Inter and circum allow large space.
Erga, 'towards.' as In a first movement of one's feel!ngs, good or
bad, out toward a person or thing, used with
reference to favorable outgoings, occasional y for feel-
Ings of hate; but as a general term, It Is capab:e of use
In either a good or bad sense.
The following Prepositions exhibit just as clearly the charac-
teristics of Secondaries:
De, 'of, from,' but always after some position bas been reached,
and hence secondary showing usually a ehange of
direction from the original l!ne. For example, water
taken out from wl'h'n a resenolr Is Ex from the reser-
voir, while just flowing from the side of the reservoir
It Is Ab from the r-eservoir; but, after running some
distance In the main pipe when It turn!! oft ln'o another
pipe up or down, to right or left, It goes on by De.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 43
Secund1im, 'after,' as following, coming next, but behind. Derived
from Sequens, and hence secondary and never pr:mary.
Its neuter form makes It generic and not specific.
Subter, 'under,' but not 'near' as would be represented by sub. Sub
touches that which It Is under, but subter may be an
Inch or a mile be ow that which Is mentioned. The
ter is a comparative termination and hence shows a
greater distance below than Is Indicated by sub, the
positive form Sub and then super, go:ng upward; sub
and then subter, going downward.
Trans, 'over,' 'across, representing a secondary with reference to
this side which is primary. The thought Is that the
thing or the person as a whole bas changed p:aces so
that what was here Is now there the tbr of English
being equal to trof the Lat!n and used as a secondary
demonstrative element. Tl'BDs Is always opposite to
the posf ion you occupy, and so trausvenire Is an lmpos-
slb. e concept. See page 14.
The following ConJWlcUons also show Primary Ideas as differ-
Ing from Secondaries:
Et, 'and,' a loose, slipshod connective, which can be used between
any two objecis,-between elephant and spade, be-
tween moun aln and buggy, because as a conjunction
It gives only the thought of simple addition. The
enclitics -que connects objects considered of the same
value. Hence neither of the objects is secondary.
Aut, 'or,' another loose connect!ve which may be used between any
two objects, and therefore a primary 'or.'
At, 'but,' a ~ w a y s primary and therdore bringing In a new thought
or a new speaker. Sed Is a ~ w a y s secondary and there-
fore Is an addition to or extension of othe same pe1 son'c;
thought.
Digitized by Coogle
LATIN SYNONYMS.
Ita, 'in this manner,' as a primary method and representing the
first thought with reference to some action or condlt"on
which Is extended Into or up to what the grammars call
'result' or 'purpose.'
Ut, 'that,' is also primary and a modification of the form and use
and purpose of Ad,-prlmary because the result was
foreshadowed or foreseen in the ita,-primary because
the purpose was formed before the action was un-
dertaken.
Sic, 'so,' is d'stinctly secondary, as Is shown In
examples representing a secondary thought compared
with the primary introduced by Ut.
The Conjunctions exhibit just as clearly the charac-
teristics of secondaries:
Sl"" or Sen, 'or,' used to connect a and a secondary con-
cept, the secondary of course following.
Vel or Ve, 'or,' co:mect objects regarded as of the same value, and
you can have your choice. Hence Is secon.iary,
unless you depend on the position of the words.
Sed, 'but,' seconduy, as giving some addition to a thought
already partly expressed,-never USd to bring In an
entlrey new thought.
Neque or Nee, 'not,' l:ke all negatives, Is necessarily secondary, for
a negat:ve, no mater whether conjunction or adverb,
Is Impossible as an Idea before there has been an
atllrmatlon. See "Philosophy of Expression."
We have not Introduced the hundredth part of what could be
brought under Primary and Secondal'f Ideas, but enough we hope
to start the student In his thinking on the differences that can be
readily discovered betwem words that are necessarily primary and
others just as necessarily secondary. We wn frequently mention
the subject of this section In be pages that follow, so that the
thought we would Impress may become perfectly c!ear to every
11ludent.
. ....
Digitized by Goog le
THIRD CHAPTER
DYNAMIC AND STATIC IDEAS.
Those being dynamic whch express thoughts of outcome, avall-
ablllty, potency as from organ'sm or combination giving
the capacity for and maintaining a static supply; and those
being static, which, as having capacity from organism or combina-
tion. possess the power latent, Inclusive, and ready for use when
some call Is made-. For examples, what we call strength is static
and inherent, and may or may not be used for purposes best for
ourselves, and yet at least a part of the static stl'('ngtb will work
out somewhere, somehow, even though by disease ; what we
call force or power is dynamic and availlllble, and so shows itself
in work or speech or song or p:ay.
Digitized by Goog le
46 LATIN SYNONYMS.
m. DYNAMIC AND STATIC IDEAS.
Vis, 'force' .. ....... . . .... is distinctly dJDamic, for 1t always
represents that whicb must phenome-
nize or manifest Itself in word or
deed or product.
(See also Vita, vi-vo, so named
from power.)
Robur, 'strength' ..... . . . . . is distinctly Static, for It always repre-
aen a that which Ia latent and back
of vis.
Po88e, 'ab!e' . .... .... .. . . dfDamic, for such power must be
' able.' proven by some manifestation.
Th:a :a the ability to do an,1blug, and
hence most generally carrying .two
ideas, ( 1) That of Posse; ( 2) That
of valere; and hence not on y mani-
festing itself, but also accompllahlng
a purpose. It Is pragmatic.
va.ere, 'able' . . . ... . . ... .. dynamic, but generally used for ac-
comp:lahlng some particular work.
Quire, 'able' . .. . ... ... Stlaitic, for such strength is the inner,
the Eng. 'Can,' the conscious, but not necessarlly
the Ger., 'Konnen,' manifested in any word or deed or
the A S., 'Cann,' produat. It is latent and only known
the Sanae., 'Gna.' to the Individual that possesses it.
the Greek, 'Gno.' When It is manifested, then It be-
etc., etc., etc. comes known by the expression posse
or poUere or va.Iere.
Posse and Valere and I"OIIere and vs are known and recog-
nized by the Objective mind, while Robur (Hrobur) and Quire are
known only by the Subjective mind. The Sa.xon mind was always
more subjective than ,that of the Roman. The Roman, Uving in a
land where the summell'a were long andvegetatlon and outdoor llfe
Digitized by Goog le
LA TIN SYNONYMS. 47
were always claiming his attention, became more and more given
up to the outer wor:d of nature and to the soc:al and
artistic sldea of ex:.Stence, and hence, like the Greek,
if he had gods, they too must come before hls objective
mind In numerous Images. He have something to see or he
cou d not worship, and today Images and pictures adorn the Cathed-
ral walls everywhere In Italy. But the Saxon, shut In by fog and
rain and snow, became more subjective In h:s thlnk:ng and hence
abe to conceive of God and Good as absolute ell!ttt:es, whether he
could see -either or not.
We have s:mply introduced here the subject of DJDamic and
Static Ideas, but In the pages that follow we wlll often refer to
thl.a section, so that the student wlll get a clear Insight to the
d:trerence that exists between these Important classifications of
thought and speech.
AdJective Terminals.
The value of these terminals Is highly Important In dlstlngulsh-
lng synonyms.
material or origin.
--aUs, to whatever the root or stem expresses.
_,.,., pertaining to whatever the root or stem expresses.
-anaa, belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses.
-., belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses.
--artaa, one of or belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses.
--atills, one of or be:onglng to whatever the root or stem expressea.
--ataa, ma er!al of whlch made.
--ax, propensity by nature.
--ber, bringing or bearing whatever the root or stem expresses.
-bWs, posslbll:ty of anything ln the passive.
--bundWJ. fu:l of whatever the root or stem expresses.
-culWJ. the diminutive of whatever the root or stem expresaes.
_,...Is, belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses.
-tanaa, to whatever the root or stem expresses
Digitized by Goog le
48 LATIN SYNONYMS.
-cosus, fulness of whatever the root or stem expresses.
--condos, fulness of whatever the root or stem expresses.
--ellns, diminutive of whatever the root or stem expresses.
--er, extension of whatever the root or stem expresses.
--ens, material or slm:lar to whatever the root or stem expresses.
-Ieins, material or origin.
-fens, quaity of whatever the root or expresses.
-idos, quaity of whatever the root or stem expresses.
-ills, poss:blllty of anything In the passive sense.
-llis, poss:blllty of anything In the passive sense.
-lneus, pell';alnlng to whatever the root or stem expresses.
-inns, belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses
-ins, belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses.
-lentua, full of what.ever the root or stem expresses.
--otos, diminutive of whatever the root or stem expresses.
-plea, fulness of whatever the root or stem expresses.
-s, ex:enslon of whatever the root or stem expresses.
-ster, of abode.
-ulns, propensity :o whatever the root or stem expresses.
-nos, fu:ness of whatever the root or stem expresses.
-oosns, fulness of whatever the root or stem
-us, comp.eteness or fulness of whatever root or expresses.
(37)
Adjectives.
(366)
l'lalus, 'bad' .......... .. as a direct opposite to bOnos. Malus
Is the general term for anything bad.
Adversus, " ...... ... ... ns turned against us and opposing us,
but on a line rather than on aU
sides.
Digitized by Goog le
LA TIN SYNONYMS. 49
Foedus, 'bad' as fouL
Diftlcllfs, .. . .... as hard or diftlcult to get on with.
IJacommodus, 'bad' .... ; . as Inconvenient, Iter lncommodus.
Adulterius, " . as spurious, and so appllcable to money.
AE'ger, " as sick, homo aE"ger.
Pravus, " .. as naturally depraved, and hence mor-
Turpis,
Depravatus,

Inlquus,
Asper,
Maledicus,
Mali! losus,
MalE'vOlus,
Malign us,
Maleftcus,
Acceptus,

Carus,
Dulcls,
Facetus,
FE'Btfvus,
Gratus,
Fecund us,
Lepidus,
Laetus,
Saavfs,
ally irresponsible
" .... as base, and hence belontfng to Odie.
" ........ as having rendered depraved by
environment.
" ....... indeclinable, and equal to e + aeqa1111,
as a negative, born bad and never
good.
" ..... as a privative, born good, but tempora-
rlly bad.
" as rough to the touch.
" ... as uttering bad language.
" aa fu:l of malice.
" as wishing evll.
as born bad, of bad disposition.
as an evll doer.
'pleasant' ... what is pleasant to see or hear.
" ...... because delightful tO the eyes.
" ...... because dear to ua.
" ...... because attractive.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. because wttty .
. because humorous .
. because always active for us.
because full of good eheer
. because charming to us .
because joyous .
because odorous to the sense or smell
or sweet to that of taste.
Digitized by Goog le
.r
50
LATIN SYNONYMS.
Beatu, 'happy' .... . .. . . . opp. to mJBer, as of one who has been
..
..
..
blessed .
. . . . . . . . . . opp. to ma:us, as of one good in every
particular. Bonus is the general
term for anything good .
. . . . . . . . . . as of business which has been favored
by the omens .
. . . . . . . . . as of one whose wishes are always ful-
ftt:ed.
Fortallatll8, " .. .. . .. .. . one who has been favored outwardly by
...
Aptwt,
..
Fortuna.
.. .... . . . as of ~ l n g a according to one's hopes .
. .. ... . .. . opp. to adve1'8118, following one'
wishes or plans.
.. . . .. . .. because seeming to ftt completely into
plans.
Accommodatu.s, happy' ..... because made for advantage.
Gratus, ' happy' .. . ... ... .. because it is pleasing to the opposite
parties.
NoY118 'new' . .. . ... .. . . . what is now knowu, but was not known
..
before .
. . . . .. .. .. what is fresh or recently made or pro-
duced.
lnaudltas " ..... .. . . .. . what has not been, heard of before.
Inaolltas, " . . ... ... .. .. as of something to which we have not
Tenuls,
E:dpaa,
,
been accustomed before.
'small' ... . . ..... the most general term for sma!l in aiJ
dimensions.
" .. ....... . as something thin.
..... . . . as of something reduced In lateral di-
mensions.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 51
Hinutus, small' ...... as of something havinr; been dimJn-
lshed.
Pualllus, ........ as of the condition of the soul, little
In power.
Augustus, " ....... as something narrow, like a road.
Graclli8, .... as something slim or slender.
Param Magnus, 'small' .... a litotes for 'quite small.'
Nobills, 'noble' .......... as by birth.
Llberalla, " ........ as belonging to a freeman.
Generosus, " .......... as of one naturally great and good.
Clara&. " as by reputation for dlsUngulshed
Boneatas,
lngenuus,
lnBlgnl8,
..
"
..
abfllty .
. . . . . . . . . . because of having been honored.
. ......... because of Inborn virtues.
.......... because distinguished by active good-
ness.
Corpore amplo, 'thick' ..... a body particularly large in
Concretus, thick ........ as of that which has seemingly grown
Confertus,
..
..
..
..
DenSIUI,'
"
Dural>.
..
toge her. used of curdlea
milk .
. . . . . . . . as of things brought together In 1\
mass, being opposed to rams
. . . . . . . . as of persons who have iJl
a body. '
........ as a callous or hardened skin .
. ....... opposed to tenuJa, and hence stout or
compact .
. . . . . . . . as of many persons standing near each
other .
. . . . . . . . as that by which hardness or lasting.
ness acquires the kindred concept of /
thickness.
/
Digitized by Goog le
52 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Floequena, 'th!ck'. ........ as of persons who have ' come together
from d:trerent directions
. (Vox) Obtusa, " .. as a voice that has been blunted by
being struck, as It were, on
point .
Obems,
Pin guts,
Splssus,
Torgens,
Turgidus,
..
..
..
..
..
. . . . . . . . as a fat person, one we!l-fed.
. . .. as a plump person or animal.
. ...... as being . :o
Used of son; of darkness.
etc .
. . . . . as seemingly swelling ..
........ as being already swollen .
Sllens, 'silent' . ........... as being free from noise.
Tacitus, " ...... as being without speech.
Taclturnus, 'silent' .... . ... as being disposed to say noth!ng.
Agrestls, 'of the country .. as being like the fields tn their .natura!
state Hence rough.
Rnstlcns,
..
. as having the manners of the coun'ry .
hence uncouth.
Rustlcanus, .. .. as leading temporarily the life of the
country.
Jncolumis, . 'safe' ... as having received no damage
Integer,
Salvos,
Securus,
Sospes,
Tutus,

..
..
..
..
as having been untouched by harm .
........ as having been delivered from harm
which without a deliverer would
have destroyed .
. . . . . . as being tree from care .
.......... as never having been harmed, even
though passing through many dan
gers unscathed.
as protected from danger .
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNOJ:-lYMS.
:8ingle' ......... ,. as an unmarried man. . ,
Slngalarts, 'single' .... opp. to plures, and standing alone
VnDB, . 'one' .... .. as an individual among many.
Unicas, .. t as an only son, no other sons in. th
. . 'family.
Sofus; 'alone' .......... ns an indiv!dual apart from any others .
Si.ngulOB, 'one alone' ..... ts one at a time.
mspar, ' unUke' ..... : . .... as being unequal in length, bread 'h, Ol"
th ckness, or In strength, or in other
qualities.
Dl881m1!is, " ns being unlike In shape or features.
Oert:or, 'more ..... as being better known from effects.
NobiJlor, 'better 'reputatlon'.ns being better known by birth
Notior, marked' . ..... as being known by d:sunction.
Hosttus, 'like an
lnfeatus, "
lnimlCOB, , "
enemy' .. as being of hostile mind.
" .. . as not wardng otr at!acks.
" .. as being the true opposite of amlcn!l,
and so as a friend wlll help, an
enemy wi 1 hinder; as a friend loves.
so an enemy hates.
lnsclens,
Ne-sclens.
lnsclDB, .
'ignorant' ..... and not blameworthy.
"

lnscltas,
"
lmprudens,
..
lasipiens,
..
lgnarus,
..
...... and never having been otherwise .
. ..... absolutely ignorant of some one thing,
but not imply!ng lnablllty to be oth-
erwise.
.. : ... as having been thus conceived or
shaped .
. as not seeing anything pertaining to
the future:
unwise temporartly.
absolute unconsciousness of some
Digitized by Goog le
LA TIN SYNONYMS.
Ignorans, 'Ignorant' ...... temporary unconsciousness of some
lmperltus,
IDdoetus,
mtteratus,
Nesclua,
Rudis,
Stultus,
..
..
..
..
..
..
fact
. . . . . . absolute unsk!lfulneas from want of
experience .

. . . . . . as one never having been taught, but
not Implying inablllty to learn
. . . . . . as one never having studied books .
..... Ignorant of aome one thing,
and implying inabUity to be other-
wise .
. . . . . . as Implying an uncultivated state.
. ..... as a fool who never did nor call' know
anything.
'dear' .......... as an object of great interest or affec
tlon.
Pret108118, " . . .. as an object of great value.
Aptlssimos, ' best' ......... as best to ourselves or others.
Optimus, " . .... .. .. as most choice.
Anxlus, 'anx!ous' . ...... .. as being brought Into straits and being
unable to free onese!f from fear or
dimculty.
J>ermotus, " ......... as being greatly moved by excitement.
Perturbatus, " ......... as great:y disturbed by mental fear .
Sollicitos,
..
. . . . . . . . . as wholly agitated, comple:ely under
the power of mental or physical fear.
Amictus, 'sad' .......... as having been damaged by some mis-
fotune.
Debllitatas, " ... .... . .'.as hav:ng been weakened by disease.
Maereus, " .......... as one mourning over some loss.
Digitized by Goog le
Maestas,
Trlstis,
LA TIN SYNONYMS. 66
'sad' .. . ... . . .. as having been caused to mour'll or
causing mourning, but by brhlsing
dejection and not by outcries.
.. . . . .. .. . opp. of beatus, and hence feeling
oneself unfortunate.
" .. . ... . . .. opp. of aetus, and hence gloomy and
not glad.
Infellx, " ... ..... .. because the wishes are
lnlort111l&tus, " . ...... .. . not favored outwardly by FortuaA.
<remens,
Dulcls,
Facl'ls,
lndulgens
Lenis,
Levis,
" . ..... .. . . as shown by cries and outward signs.
" ... ..... . . as bringing, or bearing, or causing ex-
'(lresslons of grief.
' mild' .... .. . . . . as a merciful judge, or as quiet water.
.. . . .... . ... as pleasant to any one of the senses.
" . . .. ..... . as gentle In manners or easy to deal
..
"
..
With
. . . . . . . . . . as being favorab!e to persons or other
objects.
. . . . ...... as gentle in effect.
... . .. .... as opposed to gravis
Mansuetus, " ... ... .... as tame, and hence subject to rules.
... . ...... as svmpathe' ic by nature . Mlserlcors,
Mitis,
Mollls,
Placidns,
Tener,
Prae(E1Ulns,
Gravis,
Gravidas,
Gravidatus,
..
..
..
..
..
. ..... . .. . as carrying in itself the quallty of gen-
tleness.
. . ..... . . . as in itself plfable and incapable of
rough effect.
. . . .. . .... as be'ng pleasing, flowing gently .
. . . . . . . . . . as belng young or fresh.
'pregnant' . .... as present' ng signs of coming blrtb.
" .... . as simply heavy with young.
" ...... as having become wlth aJtJthlng.
" .. ... :as having been fl led by planting seed.
Digitized by Goog le
56 LA TIN SYNONYMS;
Preuua. . 'pregnant' ...... as pressed down and hence loaded with.
Fetus, " ..... 1s fl..led with See Virgil's Mach1wt
feta armis.
Aberrau.e, 'wandering' ..... wandering away from an original
bome.

Dlsslpatu,
Disperau,
Errane,
Deerrane,.
Errabandu,
Vagans,
Vagrau,
Vagu, .
..
..
..
...
..
..
"
..
..
..
..
..
.. as having missed !le road .
\8 hav:ng been scattered before hand.
. .... 1.s having been scattered," but trying to
come together .
\8 an ox that has gone out of the fur-
row .
. . . . as now moving without destlnat'on.
. as contlnu'ng to wander aimlessly.
..... having the dispos:tlon and habit of
wandering .
. ... traveling In foreign countries .
. . . . roving, straying, as cattle over the
flelds .
. . . going from place to place.
. .... going !rom fleld to fleld.
. . .. as alm:ess In one's work.
Celeber, . 'numerous' ...... as being full of people.
Creber, " ...... from cresco, and hence crowded to-
Frequens,
Nume1'08118,
Multiplex,
..
..
...
gether .
. . . as having come to one p]ace from many
directions .
. . as indiv:duals counted one by one.
. ..... as consisting of many folds, but not as
units
Abjectas, 'low' ......... as h:ning been cast down from a higher
position.
Digitized by Coogle

LATIN SYNONYMS. 57
Hum iUs, 'low' . ...... . .. as to the position occupied or condi
Demlssus,
II[Jlob:Us,
DllberaUs,
..
..
..
Inferior, "
Gravis, "
Obscurus, "
Submlssus,
Sordldus, "
Suppressus, "
VIlis, "
Tenuls,
Turpis,
..
..
tlon of birth.
... . as being .
.. .. as to birth and ancestors .
. .... . . as unwot thy a freeborn citizen .
. . . . .. . .. as to position.
.... as to the voice, as base.
.. .... as to birth and ances ora.
...... . as to the voice, as weak.
. . . as to origin .
. . . . . . . . as to the voice, as a whisper.
. ....... . . as to the price.
. ... . ... . . as to property .
. . . . . . . . . . as belongh}g to the crowd, base.
Caducus,
F UX118,
Fugax:,
VolatiUs,
vo:atlcus,
'fieetlng' . . ...... because always lncl'ned to fall .
" . . . ..... because always Inclined flow away.
" .. . ..... because by . nature Inclined to flee away.
" . . . ...... because Inclined to fty away.
" .... .. . . because having the power to dy away.
Pugnax:, 'pugnacious' . .. ... as being by nature Inclined to fight .
Ff'rax, " . ..... as being by nature like a beast.
" .. . .... as being full of the war spirit.
BeWger, " . . . . .. as having a mart:at dlspos!tlon.
Tenax:, 'tenacious' . .... . . . because lnc'lned by nature to hold on.
Consaus,
Flde'ls,
Astutus,
Callldus,
Peraplcu:,
Prudens,.
..
.. ... because always being the same .
..
. ...... . because Inclined to keep his word.
'shrewd' ... . .... as cunn!ng or tricky In methods.
" . ..... . . as knowing by experience.
.. . .. .. .. . . as natural!y or by Instinct seeing
through one's surroundings.
..
. .... as foreseeing results or effects .
Digitized by Goog le
58
So lers,
Sagax,
Egrf'glu.s,
Elegans,
Exqulsltu.s,
LATIN SYNONYMS.
'shrewd' ........ as be"ng complete In all arts.
" ........... a& naturally Inclined to acuteness of
men tal vision.
'floe' .......... as the pick of the flock.
" ............ as from any number of things.
" .......... as careful:y sought from original
sources.
Conqulsltu.s, " ...... . ... as carefully sought from all p'aces.
Venu.stu.s,
..
Bell u.s,
..
Acutu.s,
..
Argutus,

Libera Us,
..
Subtills,
..
Sere nus,
..
Tennis,
..
. ......... as possessing a!l the qualities of Venus.
.. . ....... as a diminutive of bonus, equal to
pretty.
.......... as having a sharp point; mentally, ot
tine perception
.. . . ...... as slgn"flcant of power or mental ln-
ftuence
......... as to :be arts.
.......... as some"hlng finely woven; mentally
of tine ability .
. . . . . . . . . . as the weather, the sky, the night, the
sea, or the countenance .
. . . . . . . . . . as that which ls thin, slight, or slender.
Inants,
Inrltus,
Vacuus,
Van us,
'vain' ............ opn. to and hence empty.
" ............ without method, and hence Ineffectual.
" ............ without Influence, as vacua nomina.
" ... . ....... akin to Greek phaJno, and hence a mere
"wlll o' the wisp," an fgnfs fatuus.
Fecundns, 'fertile' ........ abounding In products.
Fe!Jx, " ........ natunlly or constitutionally fruitful
Ferax,
Fertll!l,

..
..
..
In resu"ts .
. . . . . . . . lncllnE'd by nature to pro1uctlveness.
. ....... productve of fruits or results.
........ fruit bearing, as fields, countries, etc .
Digitized by Coogle
Oplmus,
Uber,
lnvfdaa,
Livid as,
Llvfdulus,
Malign us,
LATIN SYNONYMS. 69
'fertile' . .. . .. . . as abounding In the best and. richest

" ...... . . as reh Internally, and therefore .pro-
ductive.
'envious' . .. .. ... as unfavorable or unfriendly, not
..
..
..
directly hostile .
. . . . . . . . as possessing spiteful or malicious
qualities.
.. . . . . .. as possessing slightly envious qua'ltles .
. . . . . as naturally bad In every direction.
Negatives differ much from privatives; nescius Is never
known, while lnscius Is not knowing for the time being.
NU:Jus, 'no one' .... ... ... as that never did exist.
Nee Ullus, " ...... . .. as oml :tlng that which does exist .
Nemo,
..
. . . . . . . . . . as one that never did exist.
Nul' us non, every' .... . .. as an equal to omnls.
Non nullaa, some' ........ as an equal to aliquts.
Inanis,
OffOqJS,
Beeurus,
Vaeuus,
'empty' .. . ... . .. . as lacking what might be expected.
" . . ...... . . as hands or brains with nothing to do.
" ....... . .. as unconcerned about anything.
" ..... . . . . .as without an Inhabitant.
Abundans, 'rich' .. . ... ... hav' ng more than his barns can bold.
Coplosus, '' .. . ....... having full barns, larders, and pan-
Dives;
..
Ferax, "
Fortunatus, "
Lautus,
tries.
.. ... . ... . opp. to pauper, and hence lacking noth
In g .
. . . . . . . . . . as being fertile.
... . . . . .. having been by Fortuna.
..... .. ... being luxurious.
Digitized by Goog le
ao LATIN SYNONYMS.
'rich' ........... having much property, particularly In
lands.
Nwil,matus, "
Opimus, "
Opulentus,
..
Pecouiosus, "
Pretiosus,
Uber,
..
..
, ..... .. .. having plenty of money.
......... having much that is choice.
. ......... having money and Influence.
......... having a ful ness ot money, besides
be:ng a lover of money.
. ......... being of great value.
.......... as having within Itself an amp!e sum-
clency.
Altus, 'deep' ............ because having reached the limit of
our greatest measures.
Eroditus, 'deep' .......... In the mat:er of learning
Multus, " . . ........ in consequence of tulness.
Profondus, " .......... because the measure is unknoWn, there
Summus,
"
Sob tills,
Is no standard as In altos.
......... app:ied to peace or other abstract
quality.
.......... as applied to shrewdness.
Fidus, 'true' ............. as keep' ng one's word.
Slncerns, 'true' ......... . as being genuine.
Gennanus, " .......... as being born of the same. parents.
Veras, " .......... as being able to prove l.tself.
\erax, " .......... as always speaking or acting the truth.
Fldells,. '' ............ as that which can be trusted or -relled
Doctus,
Ernditus,
Litteratus.
upon.
'learned' ........ because of hav'ng been taught.
" ........ because of having been brought out of
"
a rude condition by being educated
........ particularly In the literature of one's
t:me.
Digitized by Coogle
LA TIN SYNONYMS.
61
Abandans, 'fu:r .... . .. . . as lt were to overflowing
Aftloens, , " , as contlnual:y coming, like a stream of
.
Freqaens,
Plea as,
Completas,
Oppletas,
Patalas,
Contertas,
Refertas,
Arnica bills,
Benevolas,
Ami cas,
Beafgnas,
FamlUarls,
Haman as,
Oomls,
..
.. .
..
..
..
..
. . . . . . . . . . as coming from all directions.
. ... . . . as by occupying all the space within
bounds .
. . . . . . . as fl.lled.
. . .. . ... as to the brim wherever the
can see .
. . . . . as being outspread everywhere.
. , , as having material brought togetheo-
from every
' ' .......... as having been again and again stuffed ..
'friendly' .... . . because com:ng from real friends.
" ...... because always wishing well.
" . because having the power or disposi-
..
..
..
..
tion to love.
...... because good natured, born to friend-
ship .
. . . . . . because like one of the same family.
.. because having the Instincts of men .
..... because companionable .
'all' ........ . . . .. as being conjoined, ali together. Canctas,
Integer,
Omnis,
Solldas,
Totas,
Uafversas,
'whole' .. . .. . . as being unbroken or untouched
Amoenas,
Bellas,
Formosas,
Pa'cher,
Speclosas,
Vena8tas,
'a' l' .... . .... . .. as every one taken one by one.
" . ... .. . .. as compact In one body, Dies solido".
" . . .. ....... as a whole from beginning to end.
" ....... . .. . .as all !urned into one.
'beautiful' . .... because pleasant to the eyes.
" ... . .. because both small and good.
u . .. because shapelY.
" ...... because fleshy and shapely ..
..
"
. because of mere appearance .
... because made like Venus.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS;
Primus, 'first' . ....... . .. as a natural starting point.
Princeps, " .. . as being chief of a band or head of a
llst, but always with reference to
rule or choice.
Pl'lmarlaa, first' . .. ....... as among the first in the group.
Procer, " ........ . . as one of the nobles.
Bolas, 'alone' .. ... . . . . . . .. because by one's self.
Unaa solaa, 'alone' ... . . . . . because the one has no companion.
Solltar:las, " . because one of a number that has no
companions .
Sine .arbitrls,
..
Arbltl'is remotis,
. .. ... because without witnesses.
'alone' ... because the witnesses have
moved.
been re-
Simllls with dative, 'like' .. as an external l'keness.
81mills, with genitive, 'llke. as an Internal llkenesa.
Fatigatas, 'tired' .. . . ... . as having trave ed sumclently.
Detatigatu8, " . . .. .. . . as having traveled sum-

Fesaas, " . ..... . as having come to the point of being
Lassitadlne
Contectas
"all broken up."
}
'tired' . .. .. . as being "done for completely" by las-
situde.
Lassos. 'tired' ... ... . ... . as though muscles could no longer act
together.
Antlqau,
Obsoletus,
Priscas,
Pristinu,
Vet!JS,
Veteranas,
Vetastas,
'old' ........ . .. because belonging to earlier times.
" ... . .. . ... because having been worn away.
" .. . .... . .. . because having belonged to former
times.
" . .......... because pertaln'ng to the past.
" . . .. .. . . . .. because of service in the past.
" . . .. ....... because pertaining to the past.
" . ... . . . .... because having been used long ago.
Digitized by Goog le
LA TIN SYNONYMS. 63
Circomdataa,'surrounded by'.as though placed or put in position.
Concretas, " " .as having grown together.
FrequeDSt " " .as having come from all directions.
Plenas, " " .as fU:ed In on all sides.
Stipatas, " " as though compressed on all sides.
Gran dis,
Magna.s,
'great' . ...... .. . as a combination of parts In a body.

Ampla.s,
\Tastaa,
IDgens,
lmmanis,
Spati08U8,
" . . .. ...... as a center Of force. The cubic idea.
"
"
"
"
"
and hence Indicative of many sided
forcefulness .
. ..... . . . . as by outspread In at least two dlre('-
tlons.
. .. ....... as widespread desolation.
. as of something grown to a great size.
. . as of something unmeasured, enor-
mous.
... . ..... . as great by space, llnear, square, or
cub:c.
Beneftcaa, 'beneficent' ... .. one who actually does good.
BenignWJ, " ...... one who was born good; is Inherently
good .
Liberal is,
"
. . . . . . one who freely gives of what he bas.
Commntabllis, 'changeable' . as one thing capable of being used In
many ways.
Dlversa.s,
Moltfp'ex,
MobWs,
Varlas,
lnconataas,
..
..
"
..
"
. as two or more persons or things of
different charac erlstlcs.
as having many folds or parts .
. as one thing easily moved from place
to place .
as one thing having differing forma or
features.
as one person or thing . not always t.be
same.
Digitized by Goog le
-
64 LATIN SYNONYMS.
AJacer, 'swift' ............ because qu' ck of wing.
Celer, " .... . . .. ...... because like birds or winds above the
Cftus,
Pernfx,
..

Propei'U80 "
Rapfdus, "
Velox,
Volncer,
..
..
earth
. ..... .. . . because acting the part of one excited.
. .. because strugg:lng successfuily through
dlfllculUes.
. . .... . . ; because hastening to be near.
. . .. because seizing requires rapidity .
. . . . . . . . because born to "fty."

. ...... because like the bird, always ready to
fty.
Salubris, 'healthful' . . . . . as bringing or produc:ng health .
IDtt>ger,
Salutarfs,
Salutifer,
San us,
va:idus,
Salvus,
Ffi'DlUB,
Valens,
Robust us,
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. . as uninjured by harm from any source .
.... as tending to healthfulness.
. as transferring healthfulness to us.
.. as being sound or well .
. .. . as having s'rength for a c e r ~ a l n purpose .
. . . as having been preserved .
..... as having been propped .
, as now strong for some one duty .
. as having the Inner, static abll!ty.
IDei'B, 'slow' . . ... . ..... because as seemingly not knowing how
to be otherwise .
Pfger,
lgnavus,
Lentus,
Tardus,
..
..
..
. . . . . . . . . . . . because d:slncllned, or disabled by
reason of lnablllty to put forth ener-
gies .
. . . . . . . . . . . because Inactive by natural physical
condition
I
. . .. ... .. . . because one muscle Is not In harmony
with another.
" ... ....... ... .. because one muscle seems to Interfere
with another.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. f6
Seros, 'slow' ... ..... . . .. because the action was not becnn ln
time.
Segnis, " . . .. .. .. .. .. because always fo.lowing along beh:nd.
Deses, " . . .. . . . .... because sitting too much.
Apertus, 'open' . ...... . .. as that which has been made opea.
Patt>ns, " .... .. . . as that which is lying open.
Pat111us, " . . . . . .... as "bat which Is widespread.
Propatulus, 'open .. as having the whole front widespread.
Manifestos, " .. . ..... . . as having been cleared by the llud.
ClartiS, " . ... .... .. as clear, unobscured, and all within
range of vision.
Simplex, " ... . ... ... as without fo!ds, be!ng outspread be-
fore us.
Cand!dus, " ... . . . .... as being white and shining 'by collected
Opertos,
TectU8,
Contectus,
Velatus,
Protectus,
Defeusu,
Oppletus,
Aequu,
Fas,
J'ustus,
Accuratus,
Rectu,
Veras,
rays.
'covered' . . . . ... . as having been opposed in the act of
opening.
" ... . .... by having been roofed over.
" ...... . . by having been completely roofa4 over.
" . . .... . by havi-ng been veiled.
" ........ by having been furnished a . roof.
" .. ....... by having been gua_rded against eqt-
side foes
" .... . . .. by hav!ng the objects of
'right' . ..... .. . . as being level.
" . as by Divine law.
" . . . ... . . . . as being upright.
" .. .. . .. .. . as having been done ucordlng to care.
" ..... ... . . as being straight.
" . .. .. .... . as being morally true.
Nativus, 'natural' .... .. .. arising from nature.
Innatus, " .. as being Inborn.
Digitized by Goog le
tl6 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Saturalis, 'natural' . .. . .. . in accordance wl:h nature's laws.
" ....... . . as having been lmp.anted.
Allquls, 'some one' . .. . . .. . any one but yourself.
Qoivis, " ... . . . .. any one you w:sh.
Qala, " . . .. .. . . any one Including self.
Qlli8qai8, " .. ..... any one whatsoever.
Ullas, " . .. ..... diminutive of unus, and hence any Indi-
..
Qulsplam,
..
vidual.
.... . . any one whom It Is pleasing to any-
body :10 name .
. . . . . . any one so far known.
Jejuna, 'poor' .... ... . . . .. as oratio JeJuna.
Exigua, " .. .......... as casa exigua.
SteriU.S. " .. ... . ... . . as ager sterilis.
Inops, " . . ....... . . as inops verborum.
Pauper, " ..... . . .. .. . as opposed to dives.
Tenuis, " .. .. . .. .. . . . as having small means.
Mendicus, " . . . .... .... . as a beggar.
Egens, " .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. as needing life's nceessarles.
IndigeDB, " .. . ..... . . . as being In absolute want.
VWs, u ............ .. as being of cheap material.
Diutfnus, t'asttng' ..... as something every day, but not thought
of as every moment of the day.
Diuturnus, " ... ... .. as taking In every moment.
Hujusmodi, 'of this kind' .. . having been pointed out recent'y or
Ejusmodi,
Talis,
..
..
as to be po' nted out Immediately
. . . as having been pointed out beforehand.
. .. as having a measure or by
which It can be understood.
Par, 'equal' ... . . .. . ... . In linear dimensions.
Digitized by Goog le
,.
LATIN SYNONYMS. 67
A.equus, 'equal' .......... In surface dimensions.
Quantus, " ..... . ...... as standards by which their
Qaalls, 'equal. correlatives may be measured. These
Qoot, 'equal.' always bring In the basis of compar-
Qoam, 'equal.' !son.
Commodus,
Opportuous,
UtWs,
convenient' ... as with proper measure.
" .. as be:ng right at the port or harbor.
" ... as being serviceable.
Anceps, 'doubtful' . . ...... because making nothing decisive.
Dobias. " . . ...... because presenting two phases, and yet
not permitting a choice.
Alios, 'another' ... . ..... as any other except the one named.
Alienus, 'another's' .... .. .. as be.onglng to another.
Alter, 'another' .. .. ... . . . . as one of two persons.
Ceterus,
ReUquus.
'rest' ... . .... .. as all the rest except those mentioned.
.. . as the rema!nder after others are gone.
Extl'emus, 'last' .. . .... . .. of two ends, the first or last,
Postremus,
mtlmus,
Supremos,
..
..
..
..
1 ast or first .
. . . . . . . . . . as being nearest to us from either end,
but usually to the right s' de or front .
. . . . . . . . . . as opposed to primos, It Is !ast In order .
.... .. . .. . as being from us on either end.
. .. . ...... as being highest In the list.
Placldus, calm' .. . . .. ... . because having been brought to rest, as
troubled waters.
Quietus,
..
.... . .. .. . as be'ng asleep .
TranqulUus, " . . .. . . .. .. as even more quiet than In sleep
Remlssus.
..
.. .. . . . .. . as llavlng been relaxed or brought to
rest.
Digitized by Goog le
68
Constans,
Firmu,
OertD.B,
Stabilis,
Intentas,

LATIN SYNONYMS.
'fixed' . . . . .. ... . as being always tbe same.
" ... . . . . ... as having been made so by p r o ~ a .
" ..... . ... . as something already decided and well
..
..
known .
. . . . . . . . . . as able to stand by i's own gravity.
. . . . . . as be:ng held In one position: ocnll
lntentl.
Commnnlcans,
Impert:ens,
'sharing'. as making some one thing common.
" . as d:vldlng Into parts, giving to two,
Partiens,
Aequales,
Pares,
Egens,
Indlgens,
mops,
..
each a half; to ten, each a tenth, etc .
. as simp y giving part, but no fixed par:,
to several persons.
'equals' . .. . . . . . because of the same age.
" .. ... .. . because alike ln some one feature.
'needy' .. .... . ... becaase wanting the necessaries of life.
" . . .... . ... because In absolute want.
. ....... .. because having no resources.
Pauper, 'poor' ... .. .. . . .. . as opposed to dives, as being fD reduced
circumstances.
VWs, " ....... . .... as of small worth, because made of
cheap materia!, or because being out
of fashion and not In demand.
Beatus, 'happy' .. . . .. .. .. as hav!ng been blessed, and hence beln!;
satisfied .
Faustus,
..
. . . . . . . . . . as having been made favorable.
Felix, . ........ as having everything according to our
wlsbes .
..
. . . . . . . . . aa results following out etrorta, euc-
cessful.
Fortunatus, " .. . .... as having been favored by fortune.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS.
61)
Prosperus, 'happy' ........ as having everything to accord with our
Acceptus,
Bonu,
Gratus,
Honestus,
Jucundus,
Pro bOB,
hopes.
'good' .......... because the person has been received
by the people.
" ...... ..... because being capable of giving service
or he p to otbers.
" .......... because pleasng to all persons.
" .. . ....... because honorab e in reall Y
" .... . ..... because abounding tn good cheer.
" ...... .. .. because of having been weighed and
not found wanting.
Aetiern1l8, 'eternal'. . . . . . . . the farther continuance of the age
(aevwn).
Semplternu, 'eternal' . .... the farther continuance of s e m p e r ~
Ignavus, 'ln:1ctive' ... .. .. .. as being without natural energy
Iners, 'Inactive' ........... as being without skUI.
Expletus, 'sat:stled' ........ as having been filled.
Satiatus, 'satisfied' ........ as having the appetite brought to a
standstel.
Dimensus, 'measured' ...... as by some standard mensura-.
Descrlptus, " ... . .. as having been laid off by measure.
Dispar, 'different' .... . ... because of not the same linear dimen-
sions.
Dlsslmllis, 'different' ...... because of not the same form or quality.
Aptus, 'suited' .......... as by nature.
Idoneus, " .. . ... .... as by appearance. ld internal stem of
Vldere.
Conveniens, " .. . ... .. .. as by all the parts harmonizing.
Digitized by Coogle
70 LA TIN SYNONYMS.
Adverb Terminals.
- e & - o & u ... .. .... ablative termlna'lons and hence Indi-
cating cause, manner, means, etc.
- e & - um ... . ...... neuter singular term Ina 'Ions and hence
of specification (?), bet-
ter of generalization.
- im .. . . . . . . ... either an ablative or an accusative
case, and so cause, etc., or case of
speclflcaton.
- ter ..... .. . . ... . .. ... 'by,' as though an exteuded form of tlie
the ablative case and denoting a cus-
tomary action.
- tus (-us) . . .. ... .. . . . 'from,' as though an extended form of
the ablat:ve case and denoting the
abstract concept of origin or source
of tbt> action.
Digitized by Goog le
(69)
Adverbs.
(2M)
LATIN SYNONYMS. 71
-Fere, 'almost' ............ and therefore less close to tlie
number limit.
Fenne, 'almost' ........ .. . and therefore closest to the
Paene,
..
..
number limit .
. . . . . . . . . . . as the degree, as though getting to
some condlt"on with pain or dlfft-
culty .
. . . . . . . . . . the Idea of approximation or approach,
nearby.
Propemodum, 'almost' . .. .. often used for prope, and giving
modum to show degnee.
Post, 'after' .... . ......... for from pone and signifying 'In
the rea\''
Postea, " .............. for post + abl. ea, the latter showinJC.
the means
Magis, 'more' ............ in degree.
Plus, u ............ in quantity.
Melius, 'better' ..... .. .... In quality.
Potlus, 'rather' ........... o:trers a choice.
Clam, 'secretly' ........... from celo, 'conceal,' and hence covered
up.
Furtim,
Occulte,
. .......... in the manner of a th'ef.
..
In occulto, "
Secreto, "
........... oh + cul=cel, as by concealment
fore one's eyes .
. . . . . . . . . . . l'teral y In hiding before one's eyes.
'IP. + cerno, as by separa
Aegre, 'scarcely' ......... as though In a sickly manner.
be-
Vix, " .... . ..... connected with vfs and hence 'with ef-
fort.'
Vixdnm,
..
. . . . . ..... strengthened form of vfx .
Digitized by Coogle
72 LA TIN SYNONYMS.
Maxlme, especially' ..... as by the use of all force and size .
Potlssamum,
Praeclpae,
PneserUm,
..
..
..
...... as by the use of all force.
. .... as by taking that first and foremost.
. ..... as by combining that first and fore-
most.
MilUm, 'enough' ....... as If 'according to fate,' or that which
has been spoken .
..
. . . as that which has come to a standstill .
Allqaantalum, 'little' .. ... a little of some quantity.
Paalmn,
NoDDibilJ,
Paalalom,
"
..
..
..... a Jlttle In extent of time or space.
.... in some way, or as In Eng., "In any
old way."
..... a very :lttle In of time or space.
B loagiDqao, 'afar' ........ from a distance, as derived from that
Emlna.s,
Longe,
Multo,
Proc:al,
Denlqae,
..
..
..
..
which Is the very beginn:ng or foun-
tain head .
. . . . . . . opp. of comminus, literally 'out of
hand,' as In fighting by the throw:ng
of darts .
. . . . . . . . as the position In which anything may
be .
. . . . . . . as deno ':ing the outspread of time,
place or .
. . . . . . . . as though so far :n front as to be con-
cealed from view.
length' ....... the reference Is always to some prior
..
state or statement and hense demom
Is seconda.J'T
. . . . . . . always secondary reference to a
prbnar7 expressed or unders!ood.
Digitized by Goog le

LATIN SYNONYMS. 73
Tandem, 'at lEngth' .. ..... doub:e secondaey, and em-
Tam,
..
phatic with reference to something
previously said .
. . . . . . . . quum is lmp:ted as primU'7, and hence
tum is secondaey.
Oninino, 'altogether' . ... .. an without a preposit:on, and
Prorsas,
..
Fandltua,
..
Conjunctlm,
..
l'lenltua,
..
Plane,
..
Simul,
..
UDI't
..
hence not restricted to any part of
an entirety .
. . . .. . Tera ly turning (all) forward.
.... . . from the very bottom, as in overturn-
ing .
. . . . . . all joined together, as taking in all
kinds and all combinations .
. ... .. from the Inmost recesses.
. .. .. akn :o penns, 'full,' and hence fn'ly.
. . .. . . at the same time, and hence ind eating
togetherness one or more ac-
compa limen ts .
. .... from the fact of complete oneness.
MOdo, 'lately' .. . ..... .. . . as by a measure, and hence either
long or short. Of en used for just
now and sometimes a good whlle
ago.
Nnper, " ..... .. . fr. novus + per, and hence recently.
... ... .. as Acerbe,
Amare,
Aspere,
Vebementer,
..
..
..
. .... . as
. . .. . . . as
. . . .... as
though by sharpness or acrldne>s.
though by bitterness to the taste.
though by roughness to the touch.
though by being driven.
Ita. eo . .... .. ... ... ... . In this manner, from same s em as
ls. Ea. Id, showing a more special re-
than ut.
Digitized by Goog le ...
74 LATIN SYNONYMS.
lioc modo, 'so' ........... In th!s manner, but l!mlted In the
method, and yet empoylng the who e
of the method, If need be.
Rune In modam, 'so' ..... In this Umfted way, but not supposing
the whole of the one method to be
used.
Sic, 'so' ................. always secondary to ita primary at or
Ita.
Frastra, 'In vafn' ......... disappointed expectation, as though
one has been dealt with lraadalently.
(VIr.) Incassum, 'In vain' . Into emptiness, Into hollowness.
Nequlquam, " .. absence of success In effort.
(Liv.) In caBSIUD, " Into emptiness.
lrrftus, " .. wfthou thought for the time being, as
without a plan.
Nondum, 'not yet' ........ a relative statement, not ready for ll
Haaddum,
..
Necdum,
..
Nequedum,
..
Adhac non,
..
second moveme:1t .
. . . . . . . an absolute statement, not ready for a
second movement .
. . . . 'and yet,' a continuous statement.
not ready for a second movement
........ 'and not yet,' a continuous staement.
not ready for a second movement
..... .. . 'up to this time not.'
Ut, 'as' .................. a real r:rlmllarlty, but without contrast.
Bleat, 'as' ............. a rea! similarity, but with contrast Im-
plied.
Q'IIASI, "as'............. a merelv conceived slm'larfty.
Tamquam, 'as' ........... a merelv conceived similarity, contrast
Imp' led.
'as' ............... In Clc. equal to 'for example; In late
writers, It Is used like quasi.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 76
Confestim, 'Immediately' ... wlth haste.
Ooatl.nuo, " ... . lmmed"ately after, as moving on to-
EneJOplo,
Derepente,
Instanter,
Act.utum,
llature,
mtco,
Properantler,
Dicet,
Protinus,
Recta,
ReJK"ute,
Statim,
Subito,
..
..
..
..
..
..
"
"
"
..
"
"
..
gether .
. . . . as out of time, but originating In
time .
. Intensive movement, as of serpent .
. ... as following closely.
... as by the one and same act .
.... as at the right time .
. ... as In that very place.
.... as hastily going on through.
.... as It Is now the t :me to go.
.... straight onward as the beginning Wat!
made .
. . . . as on this road, recta vta.
.... present movement of serpent.
.... without de'ay, without s!ttlng down
.... as though coming up unde!'
your feet.
'rash'y' ..... without consideration.
lnconsulto, " ..... without ronsul
Fortuito, " ..... as by chance.
Nlmls 'rash!y' . . w'th too great haste.
Praepropere, 'rashly' ..... with undue haste.
" ..... as never making choice.
Stulte, " ..... as acting the downright fool
Temere, " ..... as though blindly.
Gradatim, 'gradually' ...... as step by step.
gradas, " ...... as successive steps.
" ...... as by trying he way by steps.
Paulatim, " ...... as "lttle by litre.
Sensim, " .... . . as by perceiving each step.
orgitized by Coogle
16 LATIN SYNONYMS.
( ?) Imperceptim,
'gradually'. . .......... as though no movement could be per-
ceived.
Ex parte, 'partly' .... .. .. from one side only.
Partlm, " ... . ... as only a part of the whole at one
Partite,
Pierwnqae,
Frequenter,
Saepe,
Crebi;'O,
time .
..
. . . . . . . . by proper divisions of the whole.
'frequently' . . .. by spread:ng over and fl.lllng up va-
cancies .
"
..
"
. . . . by coming from different directions In
great numbers
.... by heaping up as In number of times.
. . . . by growing In size as crowds ga.herlng
In numbers .
Saepenumero,
"
. . . an emphat:c saepe.
mine,
lode,
'thence' ..... . .... from that distant place named before.
lstinc,
Abblnc,
Anteqaam,
Priasqaam,
Ante,
Ctt:u,
Prius,
" . . .. . .. ... from that Intermediate place repre-
"
"
sented by Is, ea, ld
. . . . . . . . . . from ~ h a t p!ace wbleh you occupy,
. ..... . . . . length of time before the present mo-
ment.
'before' ...... . as never having been behind ..
" . ... . . . as having been behind, but now being
before.
'' .. .. .... . as bever bav:ng been behind.
" ... .... . .. as In the manner of one greatly ex-
,,
cited .
. . . . . . . . . . as having been behind but now being
before.
Iterwn, 'again' .. . . . . . .. . a second time.
Do integro, " . . . . .... .. from the entirety, or afresh.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 77
Denno, 'again' .......... from a new position.
RursU8, " .......... as turning back over the same road .
Rursum,
..
. . . . . . . . . . as turning back over the same road, tho
lat er being generic, the former
specific.
Ubi, 'when' .............. as time contrasted with other time.
ubi showing the basis of the com
par_ison.
Ut, " .............. as a reference to a well-known date.
Cum, " .............. as a reference to every time that, I. "
whenever.
Heri, ......... the day itself as a period of time ..
Hesterno die, 'yesterday' ... yesterday's day, a period or portion of
yesterday.
Adeo, 'so' ......... . .... to that degree or point.
Ita, " .............. defines more accura:ey than sic.
Ideo, " .............. on that account, and su!ts our there-
fore.
,
Sic, " ............. always secondlu7 to ut or some pri-
IDIU'f
Tam, " .............. always secondary to quam expressed or
understood.
Tantopere, 'so' .......... a: ways secondary to quanto expressed
or understood, but used with, verbs
instead of tam.
In_ dies, 'daily' .... , .... as the days come in, one after another.
In singulos dies, 'daily' . as single days come in, one after an-
other.
Qaotidie, 'dally' .... by as many days as come and go, da:l'
after day.
Digitized by Coogle
i8 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Non, 'not' .............. the ordinary or general not.
Ne, " ........... used tor non In connection with qui-
dem
Hand,
"
. . . . . . . . . an absolute subjective not, generally
with adjectives or adverbs.
Haudquaquam,
Minu,
Nequaquam,
Neutiqaam,
'not' ..... a stronger expression tor baud.
" ..... as being smaller than the required.
..
"
..
a. very general expression for neque .
.. similar to nequaquam, but derived
from ne + utique
. . . . . . the superlative of parvo, and hence 'by
the least.'
De lmproviso, 'suddenly' ... as from the unseen, a secondary con-
cept .
Ex tempore,
Improvtso.
lnoplnato,
Necoplnato,
Repente,
Subito,
...
..
..

..
. . . . as not according to the time, as not
coming 'out from within the time,'
or not part and parcel of the time
... as In any way unforseen, a primary
concept, and showing cause, manner
means, instrument, etc .
. . . as not being even fancied for the time .
.. . as not being even tancil!d at any t :me .
... as a creeping movement made by a
serpent .
as coming up from beneath,-a snake
putting h:s head out of the graE&
Allquando, 'once ......... nt some other time, past or future.
Ollm, " .... _ .... opposed to nunc, the distant past or
Quondam,
Nlmis,
Nlmium,
future .
..
. . . . . . . . . formerly, used of the past only.
'too' ............ regular adverb, denoting excess.
" ........ . . .. adjective used as an adverb, and a
very general expression.
Digitized by Coogle
LA TIN SYNONYMS. 79
Slmis multi, 'too many' . ... as 25 when we need ony 20.
Nimiam saepe, too often' .. as 25 repetlaona when 20 are enough.
Ubi, 'where' ........ . .... equal cabl, and regular adverbia:
Quo,
..
1orm, as an implied contrast with
lbi
. . . . . . . . . . . . . e.J.t:al, quo loco, to what place as an
implied contrast with eo loco.
a little while' .. denoting the brief continuance of an
action .
Paullsper,
.. ..
. . denoting a greater continuance .
Herugne, 'yes' .... . . . . .... us in otrerlng to perform service kindly.
lmmo, " ... ... . ...... as by the use of the uttermost kind-
Optlme,
Qulppe,
Recte,
..
..
..
ness.
. .... . .... . . as by highest choice.
. . ... ....... as giving a reason for the afll.rmatlon.
. ........... as putting the afll.rmatlon on correct
bases
Dumtaxat, 'only .. .. ...... as by making a correct estimate.
Modo, " .. .. ...... the common equlvtlent, and equal to a
Raro,
Solum,
..
..
Solummodo, "
Tan tum,
..
moderate limit
. . . . . . . . . . as to an occasional solitary etrort.
. .. ...... as by itself, and hence operating alone.
. ..... as operating alone and to a limited
gree .
. . . . . . . . . . as to this extent and no greater.
TantummOdo, 'only' ... ... . as on'y to a llm!ted extent.
A.perte, 'openly' .......... a11 though the object of tru:h were set
forth clearly.
Pa!am. " . .... as though spread out so that all could
see.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS.
Publice, 'openly' ... .. . .. . as though not done In a corner.
Alloqul, ' otherwise' .. . . ... In some other way, by some othe:-
Aliter,
Secus,
..
..
me hod .
. . . . . . . . . . In another case.
. .. .. ... as a secondary method, and hence ad-
ditional.
Forsitan, ' perhaps' .. . ..... as equal to tors sit an, there
is a chance.
Fortasse,
..
.. .... .. as If it has taken place by chance .
Jure, 'rlght!y' . .. ... . . .. .. as according to statute law .
Jnste,
Recte,
Rite,
..
..
..
. . . . . . . . . . . . as In the manner of
. . ... . ... . .. as In a straight line and favorably.
. ... .. ... ... as according to religious ceremonies .
Brevi, 'shortly' ... .. ..... as In a short time or space
Brevtter, " . . . . .. . . .. as by a brief method or operation.
Al 'qaando, 'sometimes .. .. as at some periods In the future .
lnterdom,
Non nunquam,
..
..
. . . . as between times you have opportunity.
. . . . as 'many times ' the two negatives In-
creasing the force of the afll.rmation.
Non jam, 'no longer' ...... lmp!les that an act or condition has
Nibil Jam. gone on to the present time, but Is
not now operative.
Non diatias, 'no longer' . .. as of an action or condition that goes
no further than the present.
Bx memoria, 'by heart' . . as out from the memory' by reproduc-
tion.
Memortw,
..
... as following the chain of memory, eoo-
nectlng link to link.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 81
Amplius, 'more' . . ...... as extending more widely on both
sides.
Magis,
Plus,
..
..
........ as greater In degree .
. ......... as extending farther on any side or
on all sides.
ldentldem, 'likewise' . . . ... as of one time like another.
Item, " .... . . . as In the same manner.
Non lllemel,
..
.. . . . . as ~ n o t once,' It Is equivalent to sev-
eral times in the same way.
Plus semel, " .. . .. . as extending beyond one time.
Plus quam semel, 'likewise'. as extending to several times.
Semel et saeplOB, " as once and repeatedly.
Nocte, 'by night' . .. .. . as liY the use of any part or all the
De nocte,
Noctu,
night.
" . .. . . .... .. but for only a part of the night.
" .. .. .. .. .. as by night after night,' or of nights.'
Jam, 'now' .. .. ... ... .... as havklg already started a secotul
Modo,
Mox,
Nunc,
..
..
..
movement
. . ... . ... . .. as In time just passed.
. ..... ... . . as In time just future. From moveo,
and hence the notion of hereafter .
. . .. .. ..... .. as the present moment.
lmpune, 'with
lmpunlte, ..
Impunity' . .. as an unpunished person.
" ... as though by mean& of exemption from
lmpunltus,
.. ..
punishment, the word being an ab-
lative .
. . . as to the extent of freedom from pun-
ishment.
Admodum aero, 'too late' .. late to the limit, hence very late.
Nlmls aero, " " .. as undiminished J'ateneas.
Digitized by Goog le
82
SeriWJ,
Sero,
LATIN. SYNONYMS.
'too .. a llttle late.
" .. as by a late action or condition.
Modo, 'just now' .. . .... ... as In the recent past.
Nuper, " . ......... as In some period last passed.
Oerte,
Pro tecto,
Salle,
'certainly' ........ as with fixedness never known to fail.
" .......... as a fact already brought out.
" .......... as In a manner peculiar to healthful-
ness.
(Plaut,) OpJt.do, 'certainly'.as just before the foot, hence clearly
visible.
lmmo,
Omnillo,
Vere,
Vero,
Veram,
Qaideoi,
VIdelicet,
Saltem,
8clllcet,
.. . ..... as by this very thing, equal to lpslmo.
" ........ as by every means that could be con-
..
..
..
"
..
"
..
.
. . . . . . . . as in atrue manner.
. . .. .. .. as by the truth.
. ..... .. as the truth gaelf
. .. ..... perhaps more conjunction than adverb,
but used as a strengthener for other
adverbs .
. . . . . . . . as giving permission to see for your-
self .
. . . . . . . . as from salus, representing the idea of
healthfu' ly .
. . . . . . . . as giving permission to know how It
was done.
Multo intnns, 'much less' .. by a much smaller measure.
Nedum, " " .. as 'while not' considering the present
or other times and conditions.
Parum. 'little' . . ........ opposed to satts and nlmlum, from
same root as p81'VUS.
Parvum. " ....... opposed to m&gnus, and hence little In
rltbl(' dlme.nsions.
Digitized by Goog le
LA TIN SYNONYMS. 83
Paulum. ' little' . . .. . . .. .. as the extent of time, or as the degree
of difference.
Diu, 'for a long time' . . . .. . an old abla:tve of dies, and hence de-
noting length of time.
Jam diu, " ... . .. already a long time.
Loop, " " . . . . . . as by length of days or years .
.Jamdudum,'for a long time' . already for a long time, dudam equal
diu and dam
Jam pridem,
.. ..
already a long time before.
Ettam. 'also' ..... . . . . . . . always adds a new circumstance.
Quoque, " .. .. . . . ..... denotes the addition of a thing of
similar . kind.
Vel. " .. . . . ... ... . when used alone with superlatives.
Umquam,
Semper,
'ever' ...... .. .. as at any one time.
" ... . .. ..... as being the same all the time.
Ublque, 'everywhere' . . . ... at any one place.
Uadlqae, " . . : .. .. from every place.
Passim, " . . .... as scattered here and there .
. -\. froute, 'front' . . ........ as from the front of your own line and
upon the front of your enemy's line.
Ju fronte, " . .. ... ... . as in the front of your enemy's :tne .
. -\dhuc, . 'hitherto' ..... .. . . all the time up to the present time.
Hactenus, " . all the space or circumstances up to
this point.
lD equo,
Ex equo,
'horseback' . .... . on the horse, as simply in position.
" . . .. .. from the horse, as performing an ac-
tion with reference to something
different from the horse.
Digitized by Goog le
84 LA TIN SYNONYMS.
Ut, 'how' ................ as expressive of position, at me cir-
cumSI eterint.
Ute1DDque, 'how' ... . ..... 'howsoever,' as the most general man-
Quam,
Qat,
Quanto,
ner in action.
'' ......... as an exclamatory modifier of adject-
..
..
t v a ~ ! .
. . . . . . . . . an ancient ablative singular for all
genders .
. . ... .. as the standard of quantitative meas-
ure.
Quem ad modum, 'how' .... as 'according to some measure' setting
forth an actual occurrence.
Quo modo, 'how' ......... as by some limited simple measure.
Quo pacto, " ... . ...... as by some agreement already made,
and to be lived up to by both parties.
Invite, 'Involuntarily' ...... as not forcefully, but sluggishly,
lnvitas, "
and always modify!ng the verb.
. . .... but always modifies subject.
Haud sponte sua,
'involuntarily' . ........ as not according lo one's promise, or
better perhaps, 'not by promise,' but
because some one insists.
'involuntarily' .. .. . as not being a willing performance. Nolens,
Ofto, " .. as by impulse and not will.
Ultro, 'voluntarily' ........ by some way outside of the ordinary.
Sua sponte,
Facto,
Volens,
not being required by one's sur-
roundings.
'voluntarily' . . . as by one's own promise.
" ... as by determination and purpose al-
ready formed .
..
. . . as bei.ng a willing performance .
(?) lntrequenter, 'rarely' .. as not coming in numbers.
Digitized by Coogle
LATIN SYNONYMS. 85
Baro, 'rarely' .. . .. .... as being only here and there, and so
seldom met with.
Quamvts, 'however' ... . . . . as far as you may wish to go.
Qaam.llbet, " . ...... as far as anybody may wish tO go.
Nunquam non, tnever not' . . litotes for 'at all times.'
Non nunquam, 'not never' . . litotes for sometbnes.'
DUrerence of Tei'Jilinals
for Noons.
( 1) From Verbs.
__,r ... ... .. . ........ the man who performs the action Im-
plied In the verb.
-tor . .. . .... .... . . .. .. those that end In -tor form feminines
In -trix.
-sor ........ ... ... .. .. those that end In --sor form
In -trlx or -strlx, sometimes throw-
Ing out the L of .he mas, and then
add'ng -trlx.
The termination or, when added to
the unaltered stem of the verb, espe-
of Intransitive verbs, expresses
the action or condtlon of the verb
as a substantive, as favor, turor,
n' tor, etc.
There Is much difference beween
--or and --er In English. Or de-
noes profess
1
ona1 cont'nuance, while
--er represents temporary or occas-
lonql t>ll'P'ovment.
-to .. ...... . .. ... . .. .. wbt>n added to tbe supine after tbe
-u11.
lO"S of urn, express tbe action or con-
dition denoted by the verb abstract-
h-. -lo continuously, -us fixedly.
Digitized by Goog le

86 LATIN SYNONYMS.
-ara . . . .. . .. . .... . .... has nearly the same meaning as -us.
-Ia .. ... . . .. ... . .. . . . has nearly the same mean:ng as -ora.
Both these terminals denote simple
extension of the original.
--mleD .. expresses either the thing to which the
action belongs, both In an active and
passive sense, or the means of attain-
Ing what the verb exp"resses.
-mentum . .. . . .. ... .... the means of attaining what the verb
expresses.
--bulom .. . ... .. . . .. . denote an Instrument or place serving
--culom. a certa!n purpose in connection with
the verb, culom being sometimes.con-
tra<'ted Into ~ l o r n and then ~ 1 o m
changing Into erom.
-tram ... .. . . .... . . . . . . carr'es about the same meaning as
-clom.
- ... .. .. ....... .... when appended to the stem of a verb,
-o. denote the subject of the action.
-to .. .. ... . . .... . . ... . when appended to the stems of substan-
tives, t-he new nouns express the ide!.
of the trade to which a person be-
longs.
-iom . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. expresses the general effect of the verb
and the place of the action.
-lgo . .. ..... ... . . .. .... expresses a state or condition.
-ldo .. .. .... ... . .. ... . expresses a state or condition.
(2) From Substantives.
--enos, -el!a, -ellum .. . appended only in words of first and
se<'ond dec., which have e, ra, or an r
in their term' natlons.
-ulos, -ula, -olom, mean little, and are appended to the
-culus, -cola, -culum. stem after the removal of the ter-
mination of the obllque cases.
Digitized by Goog le
..
LATIN SYNONYMS. 87
... . . are used when the termination of the
primitive substantive is preceded by
a vowel
-illos, -ilia, -ilium . . .. more rare than the other forms for
diminu:lves.
-uncolos, a. om ......... puts on for on as found In words lfke
sermo, ratio, etc
-lorn .......... . ....... appended to noun-stems, It expresses an
assemblage. When appended to ver-
bal subsantlves in or, It denotes the
place where.
-arium ...... .. ........ denotes a receptace.
--tum ................. appended to the names of plants, de-
notes the p!ace where they grow in
great number.
-t:e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.ppended to names of animals, indi-
cates the place In which they are
kept.
-ides . . ................ terminas belonging to masculfne pat-
-as.
-lades.
ronymfrs, but both s and des are slm-
plv secondary signs, the prfma17 be-
ing given by the original name.
-is ... . ................ femtnine terminal fo,. secondarit"'!.
(S) From Adjectives.
S In Jones, Marks, etc., and sin all p'u-
rals !n Englfsh. and many other lan-
.gua.ges is simply sign of the
secondary extension of the primary
concept.
-itas .. . . . . ..... . ..... denotes tbe qualfty expressed by the
adjPclve. Adjectives In -los makP
subsant' ves In -tetas; those In stru;
make them In staB .
Digitized by Goog le
sa LA TIN SYNONYMS.
""--a ..... abstract notion of the quallty expressed
-W.. by the adjective.
--tudo ............... denotes greater duration in quality than
-itas.
--edo .............. found In only few words.
~ m o a i a ............ abstract notion of quality; and !Ike
-tudo denotes duration and pecul-
Iarity of the qualLy more than -ela.
Hence querimonla is a stronger term
than quere:a.
(1G2)
NOUDS.
('708)
Ades, 'army' ... .. ....... the battle line drawn up In form of a.
~
..
(lopiae,
..
Exei"Citas,
MOttes, "
Vires, "
wedge.
. ........ . .. the army on the march.
............ troops In the collective capacity .
............ the army that has been drilled.
............ the Individual soldiers .
. . . . . . . . . . forces as dynamic or effective powers.
Epstula, 'letter' ......... . as writing sent to some one.
Litera, " ............. as a letter of the alphabet.
Llter&e, " ........... as something written.
Ltterae, 'learning' ........ as knowledge expressed in writing.
Doctrlna., u ........ as }{nowledge taught.
Erudltl.o, " ........ as the means of mental and moral cu 1-
ture .
Ramanitas,
..
. . . . . . . . as the refinement of education and
taste.
Cognttto, 'knowledge' ..... . subjective or static knowledge.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 89
Notitia, 'knowledge' . . .. ... general knowledge--all knowledge.
Scient.ta. " . ..... pract:cal knowledge, illustrated In the
world about us.
Certamen, 'fight' .......... the effort to decide the contest In favor
PDgllatio,
"
Pugilatus,
"
Pngna,
"
Proelimn,
..
Dimicatio,
..
of either party.
.. . .. ..... the action of fighting, fight in progress.
.......... the finished fight.
..... . .... general term for any kind of fight.
........ . . general term for a fight with arms .
.......... actual battle In progress, arms gleam-
Ing on both sides.
Caput, 'chief' . . .......... as the most Important person or thing
Prbnns, ''
Princeps, "
Praetectus,
In any line of thlnk:ng.
: . . ......... as the first In time or order.
. . ..... . .... as the foremost whom others fol"ow.
'chief' ........ as having been made superintendent or
temporary governor.
Principe&, 'chiefs'. ........ as leading men In the state or com-
munity.
Proceres, " . ........ as nobles or princes of the r e a ~ m .
Libel', 'free' .. .. ........ a man born free,-generosus Is better
Llbertus, " ....... . .... one freed by h's master.
Llbertlnus, 'free' . . ........ one socially and politically free.
The dlst;nctlon be' ween llbertus
and libertlnus is largely abandoned
In post-Augustan Latin
Dies, 'day' .... . .. . .. . . ... sing. fem often means a period of time;
sing mas. usual!y 24 hours.
Dies. 'days' . . .. . .. . ...... pl. mas., as always in pl., 24 hour pe-
riods.
Digitized by Goog le
/
90 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Talo8. 'dice' . ..... ... . .. four flat and two round sides.
Tessaras, ' dice' .... . .. .... six flat sides.
Aaxlliom, 'help' . . . .. . .... fr. aagere, hence what our
strength.
Sobsldlam, " .. ... . . ... aid near at hand and ready to be given.
Adjomentom, 'help' .... . .. the means of help. '
Opera, 'help' .. , . . .. . . .. . . by effort.
Praestdiom, 'he'p' . . .. ... . . as a shield from attack.
Soppetiae, 'help' . .. . .. . . . present he!p of troops.
Deos, 'gods' . . . .... . . .. : .. nature gods
Dlvoa, " . .. .. . . . ... . .. . demigods or deified emperors.
Lares, " . . ... .. .. . . ...... tutelary gods.
Penates, 'gods' . . .. ... .... those gods that preside over the larder
and provide food for 'the home.
Nomen, " . .. . ... . .. . the d:vin' ty of the godhead, literally the
nod or authority of a god.
Poena, 'pun!shment' .. . . .. originally fine paid for murder, later
any punishment.
SuppJlctom, 'punishment' .. begging for pardon In the presence of
the execueoner .
Anlmadverslo,
Castlgatlo,
Damnum,
Malta,
Multatlo,
Noxa,
"
..
..
"
"
..
. . censure, but used for
capital punishment .
. . as that which purifies or benefits.
. . as by loss or Injury.
. . originally a fine In cattle, later In
money .
. . the action of fining.
.. as by the effect of Injury.
Raptor, 'robber' . .. . . . .. . . one who takes by force anything bP
may desire. The general term.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS.
Erept.or, 'robber' . . ... . . . . . the plunderer In large measure of goods
or of liberty.
Dlreptor, " . . ..... . . . pillager of the secondary class
Fur, 'thief' ... ...... . ... . as one who takes any and every kind
of thing be may desire.
Latro, 'robber' . . . . ...... . one who lies In concealment .
Pirata,
Praedo,
..
..
. . . . . . . . . . . p' rate, one who makes attacks on ships .
. .. .. . . . .. . one who seeks booty of any kind.
Amnia, 'river' .. . ... .. . .. as a generic, often used for the larger
streams.
Flumen,
F:uvios,
ToJTeus,
Rivas,
Rivulus,
Amentia,
Dementia,
Furor,
In santa,
Rabies,
Vecordia,
Dom' natio,
Dicio,
Facnltas,
Imperium,
' river' . ...... . . . any considerable flow of water.
" .... .. . .... as the contrad"stlnction to noisy bodies
of wa'er .
..
. . . . . . . . . . as steaming, rusb' ng, boiling water.
..
. .... ... . . as a brook or small stream of water
or other fluids .
..
. . . . . . . . . . rather a brooklet.
' madness' .. ... . . as a primary Idea, and hence general
..
..
..
..
..
and comp'ete .
. . . . . . . as a secondary Idea, and hence specific
and partial.
. ..... . as that !spired by the Furies.
. . . . . as due to unsoundness, an excessiYe
action of any faculty or appetite.
. .. . ... as due to d!sease which has, as It w e r ~
seized upon us.
. . .... . as due to senselessness .
'power' .. . .... as arb'trary or tyrannical government.
" .. .. .. . . as authority due to terms of surrender.
" . . . .. .. . . as the means of doing something.
u .. ... as military command.
Digitized by Goog le
92 LA TIN SYNONYMS.
Potentia, 'power' .......... as actual and effective.
Potestas, " ........ as standing power over persons or
Regnam,
Robur,
Vis,
..
..
..
nations .
. . . . . . . . as kingly government .
........ as sta .lc or Internal strength .
.... . ... as dynamic or available power.
Homo, 'man' ............. as a human being, often used contemp-
Vir,
..
tuously.
............. as a man In contradistlnct:on to woman,
as a hero with the dynamic vis visible
In all his actions.
Senectus, 'old age' ........ the state of a person who has passed
Senium,
..
through the other five stages of life .
. . . . . . . . In Its weakness without any special
thought of the success!ons.
Josjurandum, 'oath' ....... as one taken before the law courts.
" ....... as one administered to soldiers when
they were enlisted.
Gens, 'nation' ............ as taken by famllles.
Natio, " . ........... as taken by descent from original
families .
Populus,
..
. . . . . . . . . . . . as the political whole.
Aes, 'money' ............. as copper, the basis of estimation,
Argentum, 'money' ........ as silver co:n.
Nommos, " ........ the regular silver currency, and as a
Pecunia,
sesterce about 4lh cents.
" ...... as wealth, so called because the Ro-
man's wealth consisted origlna ly or
cattle.
Digitized by Coogle
.LATIN SYNONYMS.
Custodia, 'guard' . .... . . .. as the action or condition of castos or
Custodes.
..
Excubfae.
..
castodes.
. ....... . as keepers of whatever may be en-
trusted to them
. . . . . . . . . as the action or condition of those
who lie out of doors.
Excubftores. " ..... . . . . as actual out of door guards.
PraesfdJam. 'guard' .. ..... as an army just outside the city walls.
Speculatores, '' . . . .. . . as those persons who are watching
Statio,
Vigllae.
Vlglles.
Vinculum.
from towers.
" . .. . . .. as a picket guard on the outposts.
.. . . ... . . as the aet!on or condition of those
awake.
" . ...... as persons who are really awake.
" ... . ... as a bolt for a door
Dedecus, 'shame' . ...... .. as what is unbecoming any reasonable
Flagittom.
Infamia.
lgnomJnla,
Llbio.
Pudlcltla,
Pudor.
Probrmn,
Stupram.
Turpltudo.
..
..
..
..
..
"
..
..
"
being .
. . . . . . . . . as a crime committed in the beat of
passion .
. . . . . . . . . as disgraceful and notorious.
. ........ as the deprivation of one's good name.
. .... .. . . as the act of a mere animal nature.
. .. .. ... . shamefacedness or modesty .
. ... .. ... the fee.llng of shame that comes to a
pure nature .
. . . . . . . . . any shameful, infamous deed.
. . .. .. ... opp. of pudlcltla in the sense of im-
modesty .
. . . . . . . . . baseness belonging to low birth, as a
condition common to the Turba.
ADimus. ' mind' ... . ... .. . the whole Inner self, both . mind and
heart.
Digitized by Goog le
94 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Genius, 'mind' .. .. ... ... slmp:y Inborn ability .
logentam,
..
:Mens,
..
. . . . . . . . . . the Inborn ab111ty for outer productive-
ness .
. . . . . . . . . the power of thinking.
Anima,
Spil'itns,
'life' .. .. . . .. .. .. the basis for both spiritus and vita.
Vita,
u . the proof of inner anima.
" . .. . . ...... . the outer proof of both anhna and
animas, as connected with vis and
vii'.
Ol'bis terrarwn, 'earth' .... as the entire circle of lands.
Tellus, 'earth' . .... . ...... the globe as to all Its limitations.
" . . .... .. .. .. the land as distinguished from the
Sol am,
..
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . the land as the productive portion of
earth, or as what we call soU.
Ager, 'territory' . ... .... . . as that which may be cultivated.
OoJonla, " ... ... .. .. as that Into which colonists are sent.
Fines, " ... . .. . .. . as the Imaginary boundar!es of land.
Begio, u . . . . as any district wl distinct boundaries.
Terra, " . .... . .... as 1and In ita widest sense.
'llenitorium, !territory' .. . . . as the land that belongs to a town or
district of the country.
Compos, 'master' ..... . ... as having control of one's own powers.
Dominus, " ....... . . as a master or owner.
DJnaste&, " .... .. .. . as a ruler or prince.
Hems, " . . . .. .. .. as the head of a household
Magister, " .. . . ... .. as a very general term for any one
great enough for command.
PatertamiUas, 'master' ... . as the head of both children and slaves,
and the manager of business.
Digitized by Goog le
Princeps,
TyrannliS,
..
..
LATIN SYNONYMS. 95
.. .. as the ftrst man In the state.
. . .. as a ruler In the most absolute sens<'.
Ancnta, 'servant' ... ... .. . as a waiting-maid .
Verna,
..
. \ssecla,
..
Famulus,
Mauclpiwn, "
)liulster,
Puer,
Servos,
..
. . . . . . . . . as one born In the house, not bought .
..... ... . . as one who follows, a mere sycophant .
The word being used In a contemp-
tuous sense.
. .. .. .. .. as one who serves, being part of familia.
.. . . .... . as a slave that has been bought.
... .. .. . . as a helper In any business.
.. .. . . ... as a young roustabOltt.
. ... . . . . . as one bound for life and without poUt-
lea. standing.
Baculum,
BacUlum,
Caduceus,
Clava,
'staff' . .. . ... . .. the cane on which one leans in walking.
Fustis,
Bas tile,
Lito liS,
Palos,
Pedwn,
Sclplo,
" .. ... . . .. . a U t ~ l e staff or the lictor's statr.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.... . . .... a herald's staff, as was Mercury's.
. . . . . . . . . . a knotty staff or cudgel, as was that of
Hercules .
. . : ... . .. . . the ordinary club or cudgel.
. ... ...... staff of a spear, and sometimes the
spear Itself .
. . . . . . . . . . augur's staff, wh:ch was curved; and
hence the word Is sometimes used
for a clarion or curved trumpet .
. . . . . . . . . . as a stake on which Roman recruits
exercised their weapons .
. . . . . . . . . . shepherd's staff.
.... . ... .. carried before omcials, as was the
scfpfo eburneus carried in triumphal
procession.
Digitized by Goog le
96 LA TIN SYNONYMS.
Debftom, 'duty' .. . . . .... . as a debt due to any one .
Monas,
Oftlciom,
Loeus,
Partes,
Pi etas,
Provincia,
Religio,
Son,
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. . . . . . . . . . as a performance or function.
. . .. . . .... as the whole body of one's (lutfes.
. . .. ... . . . duty appointed.
. ... .. . . . . the particular part or parts of service
any one may have had alloted to him .
. . . . . . . . . . filial duty, as to parents, country, or
the gods .
. . . . . . . . . . duty Imposed upon us.
. . . .. . .. .. as that performed In obedience to con-
science.
" . .. .. . .... duty given by lot.
Acles,
Ocnlus,
Vlsio,
'sight' .. . . . .. ... . . as the piercing power of .the eye.
" .. . . ... .. .. . . as the whole power of the ere ..
..
. .... .. ..... as the dlstingu!shlng power of the eye .
Visas, " . ... .. ...... as the Image already formed on the
retina.
Videndl facnltas, 'sight' . .. as the simple power of performing the
function of securing an Image.
Capillus,
Ooma,
Crinis,
'hair' . ... , .. ... of the head. Pilus Is a single hair.
" ... . . . ..... ot the head, but loose and flowing; of-
..
ten used of the beard and of the tail
of the comet and of the follase of
trees, etc .
. . . . . . . . . . . hair In bunches and busby.
Adjntor, 'helper' . .. ... . . . but not an Inferior, usually one seleeted
Adjutrix,
Minister,
..
..
as fully competent by experience.
. . . ... . .. a fema' e helper, but not a servant.
. ...... as an Inferior the min being the same
stem as found In minus.
Digitized by Goog le
LA TIN SYNONYMS. 97
CooJugiom, 'marriage' . . . . as the union of husband and wife.
Connublom,
Matrimonium,
Nuptiae,
" . ... as the velllng of the wife for marriage.
" . .. . as the state of a married womaJl.
" .... as all the preparations and ceremonies
connected with the marri-age.
Jus Connubii, " . .. . as the legal privilege of marriage.
Procella, 'storm' .... . . . ... as that which Is driving forward.
Tempestas, 'storm' .. .. . .. . as Immoderate weather conditions.
Turbo, u .. . .... . as a whirlwind In Its fury.
Gradns, 'step' .. . . . . .. ... . as any single movement of the foot up
or down or forward or back$rd.
Gressus, " ... .. .. ... .. as continuous walking.
Passus, " ............ as the measure ot a step, but wbat the
Roman called a passus as a measure
In length was really two full steps,
making ftve teet.
Effigies, 'likeness' . .... . .. that which brings the within or the
..
Imago,
..
hidden outward .
. . . . . . . . that which represents the outline of an
object.
. . . ..... a likeness which reveals all the tea-
tures
Figura,
lnstar,
t ' " ..... . . . simply the external shape.
.. . ... . . as the equal of an object.
Pi eta,
Pictura,
Similitudo,
Signum,
Slmalacrum,
Statua,
Tabula,
..
..
..
..
..
. ....... as that which Is painted.
. . . ..... the surface form of a painting.
.. .. ... . the apparent sameness of features .
. ..... . . especially of the gods, but often repre-
senting as a symbol what cuutet be
represented in any form.
'likeness' .. ... but only an lmperfeet
as the statue of a god .
..
..
. . . . . the Image of a man as set up In a pub-
lic place .
. . . . . as a panel on which there Is a painting.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS .
. \&pectus, 'view' ...... ... . Umit of vision, power of vision, or
mere appearance.
ConspectuM, 'view' . . . . .... our full sight of anything physical ot
mental.
Despectus, .... .. .. a downward view upon anything ma-
terial or moral.
Prospeetus, ... . . . .. our out ook upon anything In the dis-
tance.
OppugnaUo, ' siege' . .. .. . . . as a moat furious storming of fort or
Obsessio,
Obs!dinm,
Obsldio,
Aegrltudo,
Aegrotatio,
Oontagio,
Lues,
Morbu,
Pestllentia,
Valetudo,
Vomitus,
..
..
..
city .
. . ..... . as the present act of a siege.
... .. .. . the general term for the condition of
a siege
. . . . . . . . the active operation of a siege ln. any
or all Its
'sickneu' . . .... state or condition of body or mind.
" . .. .. . continuance of any disaffection of
..
..
"
..
..
body or mind .
. . . . . . cause of disease, as by contact with
persons .
. . . . . . as a widespread, and hence af-
fecting many .
. . . . . . specific disease, the word being genera!
for any one form of disease.
.. . ... an Infectious rather than a contagious
disease.
.. .. . . a state of Ill-health rather than real
s!ckness .
. . . . . . as that which proves revulsion of the
stomach to any of Its contents.
Ager, 'country' . . . ... . .. . or open -land as opposed to
the city.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 99
Patria, 'country' .......... our fatherland.
Reglo, " .......... as that which Is under control.
Ros, .......... as simply out of' town.
(-'onsclentia,
Fides,
RelJgio,
'conscience' . .. as a consciousness of right and wrong.
" .. . as the keeping of one's word
" ... as a conscientiousness of one's duty or
responsiblllty.
Finis, "boundary' ........ from flndo, 'cut,' and hence the imag-
..
Terminus,
inary line between countries or any
boundary things that are to
be distinguished from one another .
. . . . . . . . a secondary to finis, and indicating a
section line rather than the outs!de
boundary.
........ may represent a real line, but Is rather
the stone set up as a boundary cor-
ner.
Granum, 'grain' .......... a grain or seed of any plant.
Frument111D, 'grain' ....... harvested grain.
Fromenta, 'grains' ........ on the .
.. \.nnouae, " ..... . .. yearly crop of grain.
Donom, 'gift' ............ what is given as a mere present, no
particular merit or service consid-
ered.
Munus, " ............ as an affectionate service or favor.
Praeminm, 'gift' .......... as a reward of merit .
. lm.ttinus, 'cousin' ........ a child of a mother's brother or a
father's sister.
Consobrlni, 'cousins' ...... of sisters.
Patrueles, " ........ children of brothers.
Rohrinl, " ........ children of consobrinl, second cousins.
Digitized by Coogle
100 LATIN SYNONYMS.
'place' .......... open p ~ a c e not occupied with buildings,
CampU8,
Locus,
Propatulum,
Pagus,
Regfo,
Vestibulum,
Vicos,
Sedes,
..

field in middle of town .
. . . . . . . . . . free, open place, but larger thaD an
area.
... .. ... . . position which something occupies
'place' ....... in front of a dwelllng house, open and
unroofed.
" . ...... a village or district, the boundaries of
"
"
"
"
which have been agreed upon .
. . . . . . . a district under governmental control.
... : .. . entrance court to home or temple or
sepulcher or other place which has
larger space .
. . . . . . . a vlllage as a quarter of town or city.
... .... natural pos1tlon or seat for person,
but:ding, etc.
Spatlum, 'space' . ......... Dorian spadion for stadion ( ?) , exten-
sion In length and breadth, spat by
prosthesis for pat in pateo, 'extend.'
Curriculum, 'space' . . . .. .. space for a race.
Crimen, 'charge' .......... of crime, crimination or accusation.
Delictum, 'crime' ......... properly a delinquency or fallure to
Facio us,
Flagitinm,
Maleftcium,
Netas,
Scelus,
perform one's obllgations.
'' . .. ...... any deed, good or bad, but generally
used for a vlllainy.
" . . ... .... shamefu1, disgraceful crime against
morals, and therefore punished by
some nations secretly. '
" ......... a general term tor any wrong action.
......... a crime against the laws of the gods.
" .......... an Infamous crime, as of that commit-
ted against the laws of one's country.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 101
Connetudo, 'custom' . . .... as that to which we have been long
lnstltntum,
..
Moe,
..
Usas,
..
and hence as something
well established .
. . . . . . as having been established, but more
local and peculiar in character .
. . . . . . as the will or wish of Individuals ex-
pressing their preference for this or
that fashion In speech or manner of
life
...... as the practice of individuals or the
experience of one or many.
Erl'tns, 'death' .......... as the going out from home or off
Interitns,
Letom,
Mors,
Nex,
Obltns,
..
..
"
..
..
..
stage, and hence as an absence from
the scene of former activity .
. . . , . ..... as the boundary between the present
and future.
. ......... as the destruction, or annihilation of
persons and things.
.......... death as a out, fr. lere, 'to de-
stroy.
.......... as from naural causes .
. ... .. .... v!oent death as a penalty .
... : .. .... as a departure In the sense not of going
out of a house, but of meeting an
enemy or of going down, as the sun.
Cora, 'care' .. . ...... . .... opp to negligentia, and hence living
and acting with considera:!on of all
duties and respons"b!Ut!es.
Dlligentla, 'care' .......... with respect to one or more objects
that require choice of attention.
So'Hc'tudo, 'care' .. .. ..... as anx'ety with regard to any person
or thing that Is of interest to us.
Prodentla,
..
........ as wise fGres!ght .
Digitized by Coogle
102 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Qooa.tus, 'effort' ........ .. use of all one's powers in doing any-
Industria,
Contentio,
Labor,
Pen sum,
Opera,
Opus,
Stadium,
Nisus,
..
..
..
..
..
"
..
..
thing .
. . . . . . . . . . persistent effort.
. .. . .. .... effort In speak:ng .
....... . . . effort a ~ tended with dlfllculty .
....... . .. a task, as something weighed out .
.......... an effort In any direction.
. . . ...... . finished work, as a book.
.......... fixedness of purpose In pursuit.
. . ........ strugge as that of an athlete. ~
Digressio, 'going away' .... the action in progress.
Digres!IOS, " " .... a finished actlon, a digression already
Discessio,
Discessus,
..
..
..
..
made.
.... the action in progress .
. ... a finished action, a separation already
made.
Amicolom, 'garment' ...... as a cloak or mantle, by which any-
Vestis, "
Vestimentom, "
Vest:tus, u
thing may be covered .
. . . . . . the clothing, any artie" e of clothing.
...... one garment .
. . . . . . everything In the way of clothes.
Gens,
Genus,
Stirps,
'stock' ... . .. ...... several families connected by birth.
" ... .. . ...... as descendant of any one family.
" ..... ..... . . as the original head of the family
Ardor, 'fire' .. .. ... ...... . as a general term for whatever exhibits
the Inner heat of actual fire or zeal
or love.
Flamma, 'fire' . . .. . . ... ... as the blaze which spreads Itself.
Ignis, " ............ as rather the essence of all heat.
Incendiwd; 'fire' . ... ... ... as a conflagration that has been started
from the outside of building or other
body.
Scintillae, " .......... as the sparks that .fty off, faint traces
Digitized by Goog le
Existlmatio,
Opinio,
Dogma,
Deci-etum,
JndJciom,
Sententla,
Praeceptum,
LATIN SYNONYMS.
'opinion' ..... . as an estimation still in progress.
" ...... as the way in which one sees anything.
" ...... as a philosophical fact that bas been
taught.
" .. .... as a principle discovered or that has
..
..
..
out of facts already estab-
llshed .
. . . . . . as according to power of judgment.
. ..... as one has perceived relations.
. ..... as a precept worthy to be received
from a teacher.
Conventio, 'treaty' .. .. .... action of agreement, but not binding
Conventus,
..
Foedus,
..
Pactio,
..
Pactum,
"
. Sponsio,
..
by law
. . . . . . . . finished act of agreement, but not blnd-
ingbY law .
. . . . . . . . alliance sanct!oned by senate and peo-
pe.
.. the making of a legal contract between
contending parties.
........ the con between contending
part'es .
. ....... the action of two generals looking to
ratification, but not yet ratified by
the states which the generals rep-
resent.
Catena, 'band' .......... as a crowd or troop; company of actors;
chorus
Cohon, " ......... as the tenth part of a Roman legion.
Globus,
..
Grex,
..
Manus,
..
. ... ..... . as a mass of people, or as any large
globe.
. ....... .. more limited than globus; often an as-
sociatlon.
.......... any body of men act' ng together, as
bands In the accomplishment of ser-
vice.
Digitized by Goog le
lOt LATIN SYNONYMS.
Adve...,...;as, 'enemy' .. . . .. at law, as one who meets us on any one
HoeUa,
..
Inim1cus,
..
issue, his way or method opposed to
ours.
. ... .. a public enemy, originally a
and hence one having little regard
for our interests .
. . . . . . a private enemy, as being hostile or
harmful to us or to our highest good.
Ac.IDaces, 'sword' ... . .. ... Persian sword, short, but having two
Bnsta,
Gladius,
Mucro,
..
..
..
edges.
. .. ...... a long sword for fighting at a distance .
. . ... . .. . a short sword for fighting close at hand.
. ... ... . . as the sharp point of any weapon .
Basta, 'dart' .... .. ... . .. . a spear for piercing or hurling by
hand and with strap attached to
bring it back.
Jaculam, 'dart' .. . .. . .. .. . a dart to be thrown, but not with er-
PUum,
Tel om,
Verutom,
"
"
"
"
of its return .
. . . . . . . . . . a short javelin for the infantry.
.... .. . . .. a dart for offensive warfare, which may
be thrown against the enemy at
reasonab'e distance .
. . . . . . . . . seems to have been used to str:ke and
then drag
. . . . . . . . . . but more like basta, from its piercing
effects.
HervttJum, 'slavery' . . .. . . . as the service which a slave performs.
Servitudo, " . ...... . as the sate In which a slave ls
Servltu.s, " . . . . . ... as the fact or realization of one who
has been made a slave.
Cervix, 'neck' . . .. . . .. . . . as the back part of the neck.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 106
OOUam, 'neck' . . . .. .... . . as the entire connection of head and
body .

Gula,
..
..
. . . . . . . . . . . as the passway through the neck.
. .. .. .. .. .. as the tube or the solid part around
the passway.
Pattentia, ' endurance . . . . . as a condition of body or mind or
Perpeeslo,
..
Toleranda,
..
Toleratto,
..
.
. . . . . as the present
laborum
feeling of dolorum or
. . . . . as the condition of body or mind or
spirit from the taking upon ouP-
selves burdens .
. . . . . as the capacity for bearing the' bur-
dens.
Cautes,
Ropes,
Saxum,
'rock' ........ . . . . rock to be avoided, fr. caverte, 'beware.'
" .... .. .. . ... steep, broken rock, fr. rompere, 'break.'
" . . .. . .. ... .. any mass of stones detached from
Seopulu, "
Silex, "
clltrs .
. . . . . . . . . . . . dangerous rocks In the water,
. .. . . .. .. . . . hard, flinty or basalt.
Consp'ratores, ' conspirators' . those In the business of do' ng secret
work against the government.
Conjuratl, . " .. ..... those who have sworn to do
against government or Its. omcta!s.
Dux, general' . ... .. . . ... . as a leader of bands.
Imperato!', ' general' . . . .... as a commander with authority.
Iter, 'road' .. . .. .. .. . . . .. a route through the country, but not
a prepared via.
Semita. 'road' . . .. . ....... as only a foot path.
Via, " .. . ... . . .. .. as a main road or thoroughfare through
the city or country.
Digitized by Goog le
106 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Daps, 'feast' ............. the sacrificial feast or an expensive
feast.
Convivium, 'feast' . . ...... the being together, the enjoyment of
Epulae,
Epulum,
Ooeua,
"
..
soc!ety, w:th eating and drinking as
a secondary consideration.
" ........ the actual banquet, with the eating and
drinking as a primary consideration .
. . . . . . . . as a solemn or public banquet.
........ as the chief meal of the Romans, which
was taken after the bU'Biness of the
day
'joy' .......... subjective or static joy. Gaudium,
Dolcedo,
Laetit.fa,
Luxuria,
Delectatio, "
Deliciae, "
" ........... sweetness or anything that pleases.
" ........... the expression of joy.
........... the joy that belC>ngs to reveling.
........... the action of joy,-joy In progress.
........... the object of joy.
Oblectatio, "
Voluptas, "
Hllarltas, "
........... primary, and therefore generic joy.
........... the sensation of joy.
....... . ... abound:ng joy as shown in expression
or action .
Suavitas,
..
. . . . . . . . . . . agreeableness to the taste
Otium, 'rest' ............ ( opp. of negotium), from outside
Pax,
Quiea,
business.
" ............ absence of any conftlct.
" ............ absence of acuv:ty, often for sleep.
Requ'es, " ............ refreshing rest, re' representing contin-
uance or abundance of rest.
Tranquilitas, 'rest' ........ undisturbed rest.
Animus,
Andacia,
Ferocia,
'courage' ........ as the spirit of greatness.
" ........ as the eagerness wi'h which we under-
take good or bad service .
..
. . . . . . . . as the of the wild beast.
Digitized by Coogle
LATIN SYNONYMS. 107
Fortitudo, 'courage' . ... . . . as the state of one who bears much.
Temerltas, " . . .. . . . . courage that runs to fool-hardiness.
Virtu, " . . . .. . .. outer proof of Inner worth.
'informer' . . . . . . .. who carried to the authorities all he
Index,
"
Inquisitor,
,,
learned.
. .. . . .. as one who points out or discloses as
far as he knows persons or places to
be watched.
. .. .. ... one who makes It his business to search
out everythlng that may seem hostile
to the ruler or the government.
Mandus, ' world' . . .... . .. . as the Greek kosmos, the orderly ar-
rangement of all the universe.
Rerum Natura, 'world' . . .. as the natural of all things.
Orbls, " . ... as the circular form of the world
Tel"'"ae, " .. . . as the dry land of all the world.
Tempestas, 'time' .. .... .. . season, as spring, suD1mer, etc.
Tempus, " . .. ... .. any length of time.
Commodum, 'gain' . . . . . . .. as an advantage just to suit.
Compendium, .... .. as savings.
" . . . .. . opp. of detrfmen'tum.
Fructus, " ...... as natural
Lucrum, " .... . . opp. to damnum.
Merees, " . . . .. . as by wages.
Praeda, " . . .. .. as by booty .
Praemlum,
Pret'um,
Quaestus,
"
"
"
. . . . . . as a pr' ze.
. .. . .. as by vaues.
..... . as by
A.ppellatlo, 'name' . . .. . . . . the tft'e or what somebody calls you.
Nomen, " 0 fr. D<kcere, cknow,' and he'lce what is
we!l known. Your real name.
Digitized by Goog le
108 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Lucas, 'grove' ... ... .. . . . . sacred grove, consecrated wood.
Nemus, " . . .. . .. .. ... a wood with glades and pasture lands
for horses and catt.e.
DlgnitaB, 'worthiness' . . . . . as a condition fit to receive all that Is
best .
HoaestaB,
lntegritas.
Praestaatia,
i
..
..
"
. . . . . as a state resulting from the oftlce one
holds.
... . . as completeness of character .
. ... . ail pre-eminence from numerous virtues.
Fonnido, ' fear' ...... .... the fear that makes the hair stand up
Hori'OI',
Ignavla,
Metus,
Pallor,
Pavor,
Terror,
Timor,
Trepidatio,
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
as stubb e in a harvest field .
. . . . . . . . . . the fear that mekes one shake.
. . .. . . . .. . Inborn cowardice.
. .. .. . .. .. mental fear arising from foresight.
. .. . . .. . . . whiteness of the face from sudden fear.
. ... . ..... arising from loss of hope or resources.
. . . . ..... . the fear that seems to dry up one's
blood .
. . . . . . . . . . bodily fear from danger Immediately
before us .
. . . . . . . . . . the fear that causes restless
movements.
Verecundia, 'fear' .. .... .. . as reverence causing modesty, humility
Aedes sacra,
Aedicula.
neubi'UJD,
Fan om,
or bashfu'ness.
'temple' .. . .. . as the sacred house of some god.
u ... ... as a small bulldlng, the temple ot a
..
..
god abstractly considered as that
of victory .
. . . . . . as the place for expiatory sacrifices.
. . . .. as the place where oracles may be given
out by the god who inhabl ts the tem-
p' e .

Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS . . 109
Sacrarium, 'temple' .... .... . as the place where sacred thi'ngs are
Sacellum,
..
Templum,
..
kept.
. .... . as a small shrine or place
to some deity .
. . . . . . as the place dedicated to a particular
deity.
Fas, 'right' .. . .......... . as In the sight of the gods.
Aeqtiitas, 'righ t' . . . . . . . ... a quality inherent in a person or thing.
Jus,
Justitia,
Lex,
..
..
..
... .. .. ... as commo:1 to humanity, both natu-
ral and divine.
. ...... . .. the virtue ltse f and the love of it .
.... .. : . . . the written law as opposed to customs .
Netas, 'wrong' . ......... . as always wrong, because wrong In
the sight of the gods.
Damnum, " ... . ... . . . . as Injury or loss, being given as a pun-
Ishment.
Injuria, " .. ....... .. as contrary to both natural and divine
law.
Iniqtiitas,
"
..... . . .. .. as contrary to reason, absolute unfair-
ness.
Culpa, 'fault' . . .. .. . ... .. fault of the will.
Vitium, " ...... . ..... fault of the nature.
Arrogantla, 'pride' . ...... . bad pride, assumption.
Contomacia, " .... . .. . puffed up pride.
Fastidium, " .... . . . .. contempt-dealing pride.
Fastus, " . ...... . scorn-showing pride.
lnsolentia, " . .. ..... extraordinary pride, Insolence.
Spiritus, " ... .. . .. high spirit, inner pride that shows in
actlng the superior toward others
Superbia, " .. .. ... . haughtiness wh!ch says, "I am supe-
rior."
Digitized by Goog le

110 LATIN SYNONYMS.
'teacher' . ... ..... Inventor or founder of some system. Auctor.
Doctor.
Explicator.
Expositor.
Inatruetor
Magister.
u ... .. one who has been taught.
"
..
..
..
. . . . ... one who unfolds some system.
.. ... .... one who sets forth the principles of a
system .
. . . . . . . . . one who builds up his students on prin-
cip:es .
. . . . . . . . . one who Is a leader or director In edu-
cation .
Praeceptor, " . . . . . . . . . one who teaches beforehand arts
worthy to be used .
Professor.
"
. . . . ' .... . a public teacher,-late Latin.
'wall' .... .. ..... wall of clay, etc., around gardens, vine-
yards, etc.
l'loenla,
Maras,
Paries,
" ....... .. .. of a city for defence.
" . .... . .. . . general name for outside wall.
" . ... .. . . . . partlt!on In a bulldlng or between
houses.
Parletlllae, " . .... ... .. ruins of old houses.
Propagnacula, 'wall' . . .. . .. wa'ls for keeping the enemy away from
maras.
Societas, 'friendship' .. .. .. association or business that Is common,
but not home
(',ommanitas, 'friendship' .. '1. closer relationship than societas re-
quires, but still home is not com-
mon .
Famillarltas,
..
Amlcltia,
"
Comitatus,
..
. friendship like that of the fami'y, but
each member claiming certa!n things
as his own .
. . re!atlonshlp In which all property
rights are common. The Greek pro-
verb had It amicorum ease commanJa
omnia
. . ns companionship in travel .
Digitized by Goog le
AI'S,
Lex,
llodus,
Norma,
LATIN SYNONYMS.
'rule' . . . .. . . .... . as a <.heory to be tested.
. .. .. . .. .. . us a written law for conduct.
"
..
. .... . . . as a method of procedure.
.. .. . . .. . .. .. originally the carpenter's square
measuring angles, and hence an
curate rule.
111
for
ac-
J>raeceptum, 'rule' . . . .. . . . a rule announced beforehand, so that
act!on may be reasonably correct .
Praescriptum, " . . . . . . . . a rule written beforehand, so that ac-
:ion may be in accord with the rule .
. . . . . . . . a general term for any kind of method,
manner or way, by which anything
may be done .
Ratio,
Regula,
..
"
. . . . . . . . originally any straight stick, by which
exact lines could be drawn.
Alea, 'bird' . . . .. .... . ... . bird bcause of its wings.
Ana, " . . . . ...... . . . . general term, from which we get
aviary.
Volucris, 'bird' ..... ... .. bird because It flies.
Voltur, " .. .. .. .... . fr volltare, the bird that often fttest to
get supplies.
Genus, 'manner' ... . . .. . .. way of proceeding, argumentandl genus.
Oonsuetudo, 'manner' .. ... as custom or habit.
Modus, " . . . .. mode or guide, modus operandi.
Ratto, " .. . .. any way that may be thought of.
Rltus, " .. . .. instinctive habit of animals.
Via, " . .... a road, a sure method.
Facies,
Figura,
Forma,
Species,
'form' .. . .... . . . .. surface view.
" . .. . . .. . . . . . profile, from ftngo, 'to shape.'
" . .... body outltne; often used for shoe-last.
" . .. . . .. .... . form, but may be only imaginary, an
Ignis fatuus.
Specimen, " ... .. .. . .... a pattern by which the reaf may be
known.
Digitized by Goog le
112 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Acumen, 'trickery' ........ cunning that misleads, ~ m a k e s the
Frans,
Fraudatio,
Do:us,
..
..
..
Circumscriptio,
Fallacla,
worse appear the better reason."
........ damage by trickery .
........ the act of doing a wrong.
. ....... Injury by deceit, as "one thing pre-
tended and another done," Dolus Is
stronger than traus.
'trickery' .. winding one up in a contract
" . general term for any trick in word or
act that can deceive or mislead an-
other.
Concillum, 'council' .. ..... the men who have come together for
Consilfum,
Consultatlo,
Dellberatlo,
counsel.
'counsel' ...... the deliberation of the council.
u ... the ace on of deciding what Is best.
" ...... the action of weighing in the balances
the opinions expressed as to the best.
Onns, 'burden'. . . . . . . . . . that which can be borne by man or
.animal.
Moles,
Sarcina,
..
..
........... heavy and shape'ess and oppressive.
. ... . ...... but what we call a bundle, package,
luggage.
Desidia, 'indolence' ... . ... as exhibited in sitting when work is to
Ignavia,
Inertia,
Pigritla,
Pfgritles,
Segnitla,
Segntties.
..
..
..
..
be done .
. . . . . . . as shown by listlessness .
....... as an aversion to labor .
as a dlslncl:nation to effort.
. ...... as shown by always being behind, fol
lowing, never leading.
Aura, 'favor' ....... . .... unre'iable favor.
Favor, " ............ helpfu'ness, encouragement from the
more powerful.
Digitized by Coogle
LA/l'IN. S:YNONYMS.
11:3
GrMJa, 'favor' ....... . .. .. grace, pleasure to both giver and, re-
ceiver.
Stadium, " .......... from the lower toward the higher.
V.enia, " ... favor 84 pleasur? to the reeel.,.Jl.
Alleoatlo, 'estrangement' .. in teellng, but leading to. actual, eep,-
aratlon .
Dlsjunctlo,
..
. ln. fact, and may be the result of
allenatio.
Dumetum, 'thicket' .... . .. as denoting the place where thorn-
bushes grow.
Fr.atlcetum, " ... . as denoting the place. where sbn or
other bushes grow.
Locos sentibus obsitas,
'thicket' ... , ... . ..... . as a place planted with brleDJ;
Caatlo, 'caution' .......... keeping away from danger. Cllalve
Provisio,
..
canem
. . . . . . . . . . tlhe action of. seeing- ahead. . ~ ! .,., to
avoid.
Provldentla, 'caution' ..... the act which has been performed over
and over again by all the wise. men
of the world from the moet. .u.tant
ages .
Prudentla,
..
. often used for knowledge of aQS> 'Ju}l,.
ject, a kind of sagacity.
Abundantfa, 'abundance' ... as of supplies whenever or wherever
found .
Oopfa, . . . a collection. already mtu&t,
Adulatlo, 'ftattery' ........ fawning as a dog.
Ambltlo, " ........ effort to gain fa von ..
Assentatlo, 'ftattery' ...... assenting to everything, another. B a l i ~ .
Bland;mentum,. 'ftattery' ... the thing presented as a bait.
Digitized by Goog le
lU
Blaaditia,
Memoria,
LATIN SYNONYMS.
'flattery' ... the abstract idea of flattery as express-
ed over and over in any part of the
world .
..
. . following the beck and call of another .
'memory' ..... .. the abstract and general term for the
..
facu1t7 and for the remembrance of
anything past .
. . . : . . . the action of bringing back what for
the time being we have not in mind;
our recollection.
OoaCOI"dia, 'agreement' ... : a heart to heart conditlon of agree-
ment .
..
..
Pax,
..
..
. . . . the action of being harmonious .
. ... all separate acts of agreement taken
together .
. . . . agreement between two parties to a
contract .
. . . . a statle of oneness of mind about any
plan or work.
Urbs. 'dtJ' .. . .. . ...... . . as one surrounded b7 a ring wall.
K1Ulldptam, 'city' ... .. ... a free city that bas received the jUR
civile Remanum.
Opptdam, " . ...... a fortified city, the fortification serv-
ing as a hindrance (ob) to the foot
(ped)_
Olvttaa, 'state' . . . .. .. .. .. . as composed of citizens.
RepabUca, '&tate' . . . . . . . . . government, laws and property of a
country.
Pradeatla, 'wisdom' ... .. .. seeing and preparing beforehand.
8 z I..U., " ... . ... good sound sense on all subjects, as
the essense of all experience.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 116
Al1llllllu, 'son' ........... forter-son, one cared for and educated
as a son, but not a son by birth.
FWolas, " ........ a little son, but not grandson, as the
Frenchman wou!d think
Filiu, " ....... general term for son by birth, and al-
ways as leg!timate.
Natus (gnatus) 'son' . . a son by birth, but not necessarily
legitimate.
Gener, " ...... a son-In-law.
Prlvlgnaa, " ...... a step-son.
Libert, 'children' . . .. sons and daughters.
Aqut!a,
Signum,
'standard' ........ the eagle of the legion.
" ........ a national emblem, back of which were
VexOlum,
..
principles .
. . . . . . . a ftag, large or small, fr. v ~ e r e , 'to
carry,' was used by any one of the
smaJ:er commands.
Vobaeratio, 'Injury' ....... as the action of giving wounds, general
Saoctatlo,
..
term .
. . . . . . . as the action of wotindiqg with a sharp
instrument and so shedding blood.
Detrimentum, 'Injury' .... . an injury, if it be only a rub or a
bruise .
Injuria,
..
lncommodum,
..
Damnum,
..
Malum,
..
Valnos,
..
Noxla,
"
I
. . . . . whatever is contrary to ordinary right.
..... as a mere Inconvenience .
. . .. as a loss or a fine.
. .. as a common evil.
... as the general term, any considerable
break to the body .
. . . . . as any fault, offence or crime.
BiUB, 'anger' .......... .. connected with a disordered liver.
lndlgnatfo, 'anger' . ... as the expression of contempt f-or an
unworthy action or v111ainous per-
son.
Digitized by Goog le
116 LATIN S Y N O N Y ~ .
IN. "anger' ........ general term for any kind of rage.
Iracuudia,
..
Stomachus,
..
........ anger in waves from one who Is natu-
rally given to wrath.
........ as the whole inner man breaking out
in violence upon some object of
wrath.
Ars, 'teaching' .......... as a theory, facultaa being used for the
practice.
Discipllna, 'teaching' ...... as rather that which Is to be learned.
Doctrina, " .... as that which ls to be taught .
Eruditio,
lnstitutio,
Pneeeptum,
Praeceptio,
Protessio,
..
..
..
..
..
. . . . . . as the action of bringing out of a rude
state Into a polished or polite condi-
tion .
. . . . . as by arranging principles and using
methods .
. . . as & single lesson .
.... as by giving lessons in parts or by prin-
ciples .
. . . . . . public teaching .
Caespes, 'sod' ............ from caedo, sod and earth disunited .
Glaeba,
..
. . . . . . . . . . . connected with globus and glomus, sod
and earth united.
Lux, 'light' ............. fr. Ingere, as that which gives light or
whiteness.
Lumen, 'light' .......... the most general term for every kind
of light.
V.appa, 'wine' .......... sour wine.
Vinnm
9
. " any kind of wine,-the general term.
Merom, " ............ not diluted with water.
Digitized by Goog le
LA TIN SYNONYMS. 117
Fructus, 'fruit' . . ......... fruit of the tree .
Frux,
Pomum,
"
..
. . . . . . . . . . . fruit of the earth.
. . .. . .. . ... any one kind of fruit of a tree.
Advocatus, 'patron' .. . .... one ca'led as an advocate or witness
Amator,
eon:Wtor,
Cnltor,
Fautor,
Patron us,
Praese8,
..

..
...
..
"
in any legal process.
... . . .. as one who loves and therefore helps
sua sponte.
. . .. .. as one who gives advice.
. . .. ... as one who supports in every way his
cllents or friends .
. as one who favors h!s friends.
. ... as one who supports a body of clients.
... as a protector of cllents.
Qlientela, 'patronage' ...... as cllentship, the relation of the
weaker to the stronger.
Patrocinium, 'patronage' . . as a defence in a court of law
Praesidium, " . . as the protection of cllents or as a
guard to ward otr enemies from the
city.
Agrlcultura, 'farming' .... . the business of farming.
Agrlcaltlo, " . . .. . the action ot farming.
Asylum, 'refuge' . ..... . . from the Greek, and means 'freedom
Perfug'um,
Praesidium,
Portus,
from the right of seizure.'
" . .. ... ... a place ot perfect safety.
" ... . .. . . as tbat which protects as would sol-
..
diers .
. . . . . . . . as a harbour for ships endangered by
storms.
Retaglam, " . ....... as a place for retreat when overcome.
Receptaculum, 'refuge' ... as the place !nto which those who ftee
may be received.
Digitized by Goog le
118
Reeessas,
8eceanls,
LATIN SYNONYJIS.
'refuge' .... aa a place In which one already Jlvee
because it baa become his retreat .
. . . . aa a pace of retirement from the heat
of summer.
'means' ............ in any form or ldnd,-general term.
" ................ collection of means of any kind.
Aee alfenam. 'debt' ........ because of being another
money, which baa been borrowed.
Bee eredltae, " ........ will apply to any account for sundries
may be money, may be goods. etl'
Debltam, " .... any debt for anything.
Pecuala debita, 'debt' ... the money that is due.
eoIatto, 'tax' ............ special levy.
Onera, " regular yearly taxes.
Tribatum, 'tax' ...... . d!rect tax.
Veetfgal, " ... indirect tax.
'advantage' ...... as either material or moral. Bon am,
Casas,
Commodam,
Commodltas,
Emolamentam,
Tern pas,
ll'raetas,
LuCI'DDl,
PotestaB,
UtlUtu,
Occaslo,
Opportunitas,
" .... as an opportunity falllng In one's way.
'advantage' aa a convenience in time, place or
manner.
..
aa a state or condition of something .
..
as the resu!t of effort.
..
as to seasonableness, the right time .
..
as to gain by growth
..
as that which has been saved .
..
as an opportunity given to another per-
son.
..
as a state or condition for use .
..
as a favorable moment for action .
..
as a position reached, being always 'at
the port.'
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 119
Dispendlam, 'expense' .. .. as that which is gone from
lmpendfam, " ..... as that which inheres In a transaction.
Impensa, " .... as that which has been met In a trans-
Samptus,
..
action .
. . . . . as costs lnc!dent to one's life under any
circumstances.
Modus, 'satiety' .......... as a limit which has been reacbed.
Satletas, " ....... : .. as a state ot appetite brought to a
standstill .
Satarltas,
..
. . . . ; .. .. . as a state of act.ual fulness.
Domas, 'home' .......... as a dwelling-place for the family, in-
cluding outbul'dlngs and garden.
Domicillum, 'home' ... ... . as a place for residence.
Sedes, " ....... as a building.
Moltitudo,
Plebs,
Vu'gus,
Populus,
'people' ........ the peop'e as a mass In general.
Paedagogus,
Nutrtx,
" : ........ the common people, "so many of
" ... .' .... the people as the lower class.
" ........... the peop!e as free-born citizens.
'servant' ..... one who cared for the boys on tbelr
..
way to and from school and at bome .
. . . . . one who cared for the girls to and from
the school and at home.
Audacia, 'boldness' .... ... natural boldness
Aodf"'ltfa, " . assumed boldness.
<Jou1ldentia, 'boldness' ..... boldness because of faith In self and
others.
Exordium, 'beginning' ..... of a speech.
lnttlum, " .... as an entry Into any su-bject, work, or
Pr'nefpfum,
Prhnordfnm,
..
..
way .
. . . . . as the first thing taken up.
. .... as the real first In any work or wa,-.
Digitized by Goog le
l'lt LATIN SYNONnfS.
J'JuletiUO, 'beginning' ..... as the act of taking up a subject.
IDceptaJD. " . .. as the thing first undertaken.
Prima (nocte), 'beginning' . as the first part of the night.
Primo .(Ye.pere) " as the first part of the evening.
IDeaate (...ere) " . at the very entering in of spring.
NMo (vere),
Prima (fabala)
OrtaB.
..
"
"
. as the new portion of spring .
. as the Brat part of the story.
88 the rising of sun or moon or stars.
Blemeata, 'beginnings' .... 88 the first things to be learned or con-
sidered .
..
IDcanabala,
..
. . . . . as the lowest and simplest things to be
tried
.... as the mere swaddling-clothes of any
subject.
Clllftnen, 'poem' ...... . ... pure Latin from ~ o . 'sing,' a lyric
poem .
..
. . . . . . . . . Greek word for a lyric poem .
Pietas, 'piety' ... . .. .. . . .. erga deum et parentes.
Rellglo, " .. ... . .. . ... religious feeling.
8anctttaa, 'piety' .... . . . ... holiness of life.
SancUmon!a, 'piety' .. . . . . . virtuous sentiment.
Oollstantia,
Patlentta,
'constancy' .. . fixedness of purpose.
Peneverantla,
Pervicacla,
Perpetnltas,..
Fides,
Ficlelttas,
" ... simple endurance of whatever Is our
"
"
..

"
lot .
. . . . eont:nuous activity in any undertaking.
... n n a ~ e persistency or obstinacy.
. . . unlnterupted continuance .
... as in keeping one's word .
. . . as a condition or state of always doing
the right.
Digitized by Goog le
Continentia,
Castitu,
Castbnonla,
Temperaatia,
LATIN SYNONYMS. 121
'continence' ... as holding with a ftrm band the reins
"
"
"
on our appetites and passions .
. . . abstinence from sensual pleasure.
... bodily or moral purity
.. In praetermlttendis volnptatibus eer-
nltnr.-Cic.
Petnlantia, 'capriciousness'. opp. pndor, as
Inconstantia, " as ftck'eness, the change behig crafty.
Varietas, " . as changeableness, the change coming
Inftdelltas,
Levit as,
Mobllitas,
"

..
often .
. as not keeping one's word.
. as llghtbeadedness, lightheartedness.
. as capable of being moved by every
wind of doctrine.
Mutabllitas,
..
. as capab e of being changed from one
to another purpose.
Aetas, 'time' ............ any time of life.
Aevam,
Saecalum,
Tempus,
" ............ often means one generation, and some-
times even eternity.
'time' .......... an age, an indefinite period of time.
" .......... a ftxed period of time.
UJtor, 'avenger' .......... punisher of Injuries.
Vlndex, " .......... against wrong.
Ora, ............ steep land bordering on the sea, Fr.
Lltus,
Ripa,
Al'ena,
..
..
..
os, 'the mouth.'
............ land bordering on the sea, Fr. Uno,
'smear.'
............ of a running stream .
......... simply the sandy part.
Aegrotatio, 'sickness' ...... sickness now affecting the person.
Morbus, ...... disease that Is more or less chronic.
Digitized by Goog le
122 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Ne,ottum, 'thing'. . . . . . . . business of any kind, opp. of otlum.
Res,
Factum,
..
..
. ..... , ... any object or subject In the universe.
. ........ something already done, a fact.
Donum, 'gift' ........ as that which Is intended to be a pres-
ent.
Munus,
..
. ......... as that which has been promised.
Praemlam, 'gltt' .......... as that which has been purchased by
service.
Croor, 'blood' ........... the heavier clotted blood.
SangaJs, " ............ the lighter running blood.
Comes, 'companion' ...... traveling companion, but not under ob-
Con viva,
Socius,
Sodalls,
Argamentatfo,

, Documentam,
Argumentum,
Indicium,
Ratio,
Signum,
Speclmen,
Testimonium,
..
"
"
l!gatlon to assist.
..... boon compan'on, as at a feast .
. ..... as one sharing In business, a partner.
...... as a member of the same club.
'proof' ..... as something based upon facts.
" . ... . as by the pointing out with the hand.
" ..... as that which has been taught or set
forth by example.
" .. .. that which has cleared up a case.
" ... as a discovery of what has been done.
" ..... as something grounded on reason.
" ... as a mere sign of what has been done
or shall be done .
..
..
. . . . . as a mark or or token of what
anything Is .
. . . . . as a witness that has In Itself the exhl-
b!tlon of what has been done.
Hereditas, 'patrimony' .... anything that bas come down to us
from a former generation.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 123
Patrimonium, 'patrimony' .. eurnlture and rich ware.
Praedia, " . what pertains to a farm as such.
A.gltatio, 'movement' .. . ... constant movement.
Motaa, " ..... any one movement.
Motto, " ...... act of making any one movement.
Experlentla, 'experience' ... by anybody in anything at any time.
Experlmentam,
PericUtatJo,
Usns,
Conve1'8atio,
'experlence';ln some one tblng.
" act of trying.
"
everyday life.
"
.Intercourse or employment.
Calami taB,
Caedes,
'destruction' .... as reverse in arms or failure In crops.
Clades,
Excfdam,
Exitlum,
Exttnctio,
Interitos,
Everslo,
Perntcles,
Dissolntlo,
Rnlna,
Strages,
" .... as by cutting down with any Instru-
"
"
..
..
"
"
..
..
"
"
ment.
... as by gladtos, the sword.
.... as falling from the very foundations.
.... as the going out from 1lfe and hope .
.... as the snuffing out of a candle .
.. .. as by separation of parts necessary
for life.
.... as the action of overturning from the
foundation .
. . . . as complete dea :h to person or things.
. ... as the going to atoms, disconnection of
all parts
. ... as tbe faring of parts of a wall.
.... as by scattering to the winds.
Invldla, '111 will' .......... which .fs shown by looking upon a per-
son with evil eye.
Malevolentla, '111 wlll' ..... as always wishing evil to one hated.
Digitized by Goog le
124
MaUgnitas,
Mallda,
Benevolentia,
Benlgnitas,
Comitas,
OlementJa,
Faellitas,
Hamanltas,
lndulgenda,
Llberalltas,
Misericordia,
"
"
LATIN SYNONYMS .
. . . . . represented In a dlsposlaon to be evil
and to do harm, and so always to be
expected In the person .
. . . . as a state of mind, but not necessarily
In more than one direction at a time.
'kindness' ... opp. to malevolentia, and hence wlsli-
"
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
lng well .
. . . opp. to malignitas, and so disposed to
be and to do good.
. opp. to severitas, and so politeness
courtesy .
. . . exhibited In mildness or mercy, but
not necessarily from tenderness of
heart.
. disposition to be helpful and pleasant.
... dlsposlt!on to act as a human being
. .. a state of mind that, for the time be-
Ing, forgets duties or dangers, and
so yields even to the wrong .
.. a disposition to be generous, noble-
hearted and true toward others .
. . exhibited In tenderness of heart and
therefore mercy Is the result of
sympathy.
Digitized by Goog le
(8)
Pl'ODOUD8.
(88)
LATIN. SYNONYMS.
Hie, 'this,' first personal pronoun representing what is near the
speaker.
Iste, 'that,' second personal pronoun representing what Is near the
person addressed.
Die, 'that,' third personal pronoun representing what Is near the
person spoken of or anything in the distance.
Is, 'that,' the person usually last pointed out, the usual antecedent
of qui.
Idem, 'same,' the emphatic Is, equal to Is + dem.
Ipse, 'himself,' the emphatic reflexive se, equal to is + pse.
Alios, 'another,' as different from the speaker or person addressed.
Hence, 'one of many.'
Alter, 'another,' one of two.
Olios, 'that,' used as Ule, to represent something distant.
Se, 'self,' we call It reflexive, but reflect!on is a secondary concept,
and cannot be primary.
Egomet, 'I myself,' 'I by means of myself,' taking met as the
ablative.
Qui, 'who,' a definite standard for Is.
Quicunque, 'whosoever,' taken as an individual or 'whoso at any
time.'
Quisquls, 'whosoever,' anybody Including self.
Quis, 'any one,' an object merely conceived by the mind, but in-
cluding self.
Quisnam, 'who pray,' a more lively and emphatic question.
AUquls, 'some one' of any number of objects In actual existence,
but excluding self.
Qulsv"am, 'any one whosoever,' but In affirmative propositions.
Quisquam, 'any one whosoever,' contrasts with nemo, and lncluW.
self.
Ullus, 'any one whosoever,' contrasts with nullus.
Nonnullus, ' m a ~ c y a man,' and hence In the plural, 'not a f.fiW.'
Digitized by Goog le
U6 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Quidam, 'a certain one,' well-known and preeent to mind
Alterater, 'each of two,' and so is really plural in meaning.
Qulaqae, 'every one,' distributively or relatively.
UnUJIQuisqae, 'each Individual,' but including all without exception.
Uterqae, ' each of two separately, and then the Idea of both.
Ambo, 'both together,' as acting jointly.
Qalvta, 'any one whosoever,' of all the Individual objects, so far as
your wish extends
Qaillbet, 'any one whosoever,' of all the Individual objects, not
according to your w:sh, but according to anybody's wish.
Utervis, 'which of the two separately' you may wish.
Uterllbet, 'which of the two separately' anybody may wish.
:'liemo, 'no man,' ne + homo, ' not a human being,' always the ad-
jective with natioD"al names.
Nemo non, 'every man' without
Yollas, 'no one,' ne + ollas, ' not any individual,' Nollas scrtptor,
but nemo Romanas.
Nollas non, 'every one' without exception.
Nihil, 'nothing,' not a thread. ,
Nihil non, 'everything ' without exception.
Neater, 'neither of the two,' as the negative of ater.
Meas, 'mine,' beginning with M it denotes possession as a product
or derivaeon or emanation of the ego.
Taus, 'thine ' unchanged as to stem Is simply adjectival.
Noster, 'ours,' belonging to us-two as secondary to mleas.
Vester, 'yours,' belonging to you-two as secondary to taus.
Meopte, 'with my own,' as a contrast to other things not my own.
Meamet, 'with my own,' as a contrast to other things not my own.
Suopte, 'with his own,' as a contrast to other things not his own.
Suamet, 'with his own,' as a contrast to other things not his own.
Slemet, 'self,' as a contrast of one's self with another.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 127
<-'ujus, a, um, 'whose,' and following the gender of the noun.
NostJ'as, tis (gen.), 'of our nation,' following the gender of the
noun.
Vestras, tis (gen.) 'of your nation,' following the gender of the
noun.
CaJaa, tis (glen.), 'of whose nation,' following the gender of the
noun.
Quallscanque, 'of any kind soever,' fr qualis + cum + que.
Qaalisllbet, 'of any kind anybody may llke,' fr. qaalis + llbet.
Quantuscunque, 'of any size soever,' fr. quantus +cum +que.
Quantuslibet, 'of any size anybody may llke, fr. quantus + llbet.
Quantusvis, 'of any size you may wish,' fr. quantus + vis.
Quotcunque, 'any number whatsoever. (Both words being
Quotquot, 'whatever number' (general ln character.
Allquantus, 'somewhat more,' the concept being that of Increase ln
quantity.
Aliquot, 'some more,' the concept being that of Increase In number.
Totidem, 'just so many,' an exact equality in number.
Quotus, 'as' the standard by which totus ls measured.
Totus, 'so,' the thing to be measured by the standard quotus.
Quantulus, 'as lltt!e,' the standard of measurement.
Tantalus, 'so litt!e,' the thing to be measured by the standard.
Quantuluscunque, as little as anything whatsoevel'.'
Allquantulum, 'a very little more,' diminutive of allquantus.
Tantundem, 'just so great,' and may run with quantum.
Tantldem, 'of so much value,' and may run with quanti.
Digitized by Goog le
FOURTH CHAPTER
STANDARDS AND THINGS TO BE MEASURED.
Those expressions which are introduced by the known repre-
senting the standard; and those introducing the nnknown, and so
yet to be understood. and appreciated, representing the tl1illp to be
measured.
128
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 129
STANDARDS AND 'l'BINGS TO BE MEAS'URED.
"Correlatives," as ealled by the grammars.
Quantus-tantus, as-so,'-( referring to dimensions).
The form beginning with qu always denoting the object
whose measure is known and by which the object In-
troduced by t Is to become known.
Qualls--talis, 'as-so,'-(referring to characteristics).
The form beginning with qu always denoting the object
whose measure is known and by which the object in-
troduced by t is to become known.
Quotus-totus, 'as-so.'
The form beginning with qu always denoting the object
whose measure is known and by which the object lu-
troduced- by t Is to become known.
Quot.---tc,' 'as--eo,'-referring to number.
The form beginning with qu always denoting the object
whose measure is known and by which the object in-
troduced by t Is to become known.
Quam--tam, 'as-so,'-(referrlng to manner). .
. The form beginning with qu always denoting the object
whose measure is known and by which the object In-
troduced by t Is to become known.
Quamquam--tamen, 'as-so,'-(referring to conditions).
The form beginning with qu always denoting the object
whose measure is known and by which the object in-
troduced by t Is to become known.
Quo--eo, 'as-so;
Mellns-mellus, better,
Magis--magis, greater,
Minus-minus, less
etc., etc., etc., etc.
The form beginning with qu always denoting the object
whose measure is known and by which the object In-
troduced by t Is to become known.
Digitized by Goog le
130 LATIN SYNONYMS.
Qaottes--tOCies, 'a.s-so,'-(ln regard to times).
The form beginning with qa always denoting the object
whose measure is known and by which the object In-
troduced by t is to become known.
Ut--aic, 'as--so,' rather a condition of exact parallelism, 'as 1
said,'-'so it will be found.'
Bleat, 'so--as, the two words combined. Ovid says sicat eram
Slcatt, taglo, Instead of at eram, sic faglo.
All these words fall under PrlmiU'J' and 8econdar7 Ideas; but
as they seem to require a little special noUce, they are placed here
by themselves, in order to attract the student's attention to their
importance.
The words above Usted fol!ow the old rule of pedagogy, "that
the unknown must become known through the known which bears
some relation to the unknown."
This subject is of so much importance that we have treated it
in a work to Itself under the title, "STANDARDS."
We will, however, here quote four pages from our book on
"Standards," in order to lllustrate the thoughts so briefly treated
In this b o ~ k :
The one peculiarity that must not be overlooked Is the fact
that the part of the statement beginning with the guttural Is the
one that is known or assumed to be known,-is the basis of meaS-
urement, and the one beginning with the dental is the one brought
up to be tested by the known or to be compared with lt. Take for
example the following:
1. Tam sum mlsertcors,
Quam voe; tam mitis quam qui lenissimus,-Sull. 87.
You are speaking to some person or persons supposed to know
how merciful they are; and hence you say, "I am as merciful as
you"; and more, "I am as mlld as any one of the mildest." He says,
"Now, you know the person or some person who is 'very mild,' 'ex-
tremely mild.' Name that person, and I am 'equally mild.' "
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 131
2. Quanto dlutlus consldero,
Tanto mlhl res vtdetur obscurior,-DN. 1, 60.
'B:r as much the longer as I consider the matter,
'B:r so much the thing seems the more obscure to me.
Here my consideration Is the thing known as to quantity and
with my consideration already assumed I compare the obscurity,
and the latter seems to measure up In quantity as a full parallel to
my consideration.
3. Qualls suavltas sermonum atque morum,
Talis condlmentum amicltla.e.-Clc. de Am ..
'As is the sweetness of conversation and character,
Such Is the relish of friendship.'
Both parties are supposed to know 'the qua.'!ity of sweetness in
conversation and character," and so one who knows both the ftrst
and the last, says, "the relish of friendship Is equal In quality to
the ftrst."
4. Quot talenta habeam, 'As many talents as I have,
Tot talenta dabo,-so man:r wUl I give.'
I wlll' ftrst ascertain "how many talents I have," then "so many
talents will I give;" the one number shall equal the other.
5. Cam dolore conftclor,
Tum etlam pudore.-Cic. Epls.
a. 'I am overcome bOth by grief and by shame.
b. 'I am overcome not only by grief, but also by shame.'
c. When I am overcome (so much) by shame, then also I am
overcome (as much) (even as) by grief.'
Digitized by Goog le
13! LATIN SYNONYMS.
You know how much I am overcome b;r grief: well, then, 'I
am equally 'overcome by shame too, and you can measure my shame
by the grief you know I feel."
6. Quam pirum volpes comest,
Tam facile vlnces,-Pl. Most. 559.
"As the fox eats the pear,
So easily shall you conquer."
Now you know "how easily a fox eats a pear," then you can
decide "how easily you shall conquer," for one is just as easy as
the other: they are exactly parallel In the facility with which they
can be done. Here we have the manner of the action.
7. Q n o t i ~ n s dlclmus,
Totiens de nobis judlcatur,-Do. 1, 125.
"As otuen as we speak,
Just so often Is the judgment of us."
We know "how often we speak," and so by comparison we learn
"how often people judge us;" judgment and speech run an equal
race."
8. Quorum quamdu manslt lmttatlo,
Tamdiu genus lllud dlcendi vlxlt.
"The Imitation of these persons remained as long,
As that kind of speaking lived."
1. Eum qui electus (designatus) est
Oportet sedem in senatu habere,
'He who bas been e!ected
Ought to have a seat In the Senate.'
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 18&
Now, It Is not "behooving" that just anybody should "have a
seat in the senate,'' but the right to a seat depends on the fact of
election: that Is the one condition on which we say, eum oportet
sedem In senatu habere.
2. Homo qui bane eplstolam scripslt es't stultus,
''The man who WI'Ote this letter is a foot."
How do you know? On what do you base your judgment,-
Well, I know the man ''who wrote this letter" and so do you, and
nobody but a fool could write such a letter. The letter establishes
the folly.
3. Nemo qui hooeater vivlt potest vtvere siDe calpa.
No one who lives honorably can Uve without b:ame;"
What you have called your "Restrictive Relative Clause" Is
the basis, on which the other part of the sentence rests. In these
degenerate days the man "who lives honorably'' Is marked by the
mean and vile as one who should be cast down from his high estate,
and hence the envious will eeelt to criminate, If by no other method
than by falsehood.
4. Cicero qnl oratlones ornatlsslmas faclt
Est non solum orator, sed etlam scrlptor,
"The Cicero :who makes most beautiful orations
Is not only an orator, but also a litterateur."
4. Cicero q'nl orationes ornatlsstmas 'tacit,
Cum orator, tum scrlptor cognttus est,
"The Cicero who makes most beautiful speeches,
Is recognized as equally a lltterateur,-
As mnch a ll.tterateur as (the known) an orator-
Digitized by Goog le
184 LATIN SYNONYMS.
'When he is recognized as orator,
Then he is recognized as Utterateur.'
Note the difference between these two stat'ements In the 1lrst
case he Is both orator and litterateur, but his orations may surpass
his other writings; whereas In the second case his other writings are
recognized 88 equally good with his orations; but In both cases the
estimate Is baaed on the well-known orations.
6. Qa.l Domlnum amat,-"He who loves his Master
Ei eervfet,-wlll serve him."
Our Savior said, "If you love me, keep my commandments."
Now, If we are satisfied that our professions of love are sincere,
then we know there will be no trouble about the service. The
outside world, however, judges by our service whether we love our
Master or not; but tq ourselves the meaaare of love is the measure
of cheerful service, and no one but ourselves can know whetbeT
we love the Master or not.
6. Cam ea ita slnt,
Tamen 81 obsldes ab Us slbi denta.r, eeae cum Us pacem
esse factaram, 'although,' etc.-Caes. Bel. Gal., Sec. 14.
Indirect narrative will always have the subjunctive, because
that represents one person as speaking for another; and although
the writer may know, still as not speaking for h ~ m s e l f be must ap-
pear as assuming that some one else does know. that of whloh he
speaks or writes.
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 136
IN OUR INDEX
We have put all Nouns, Adjectives, etc, in the Nominative caee
and Singular number and all our Verbs In the Present Infinitive
and Active Voice.
Digitized by Coogle
Digitized by Coogle
LA TIN INDEX.
A
a, ab, abs... . ... . . . . . 41
abdere . . ... . . . . . . . . . 9
aberrans . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
abesse . .... ....... 11, 3 4
abducere . . . . . .. . . . . . 21
abhinc . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 76
abigere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
ab:re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
abjectus ..... : . . . . . . 56
a b s t a r ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
abundans ... .... .. 59, 61
abundantia . . . . . .. . . . 113
accedere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
acoeptus . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
acc:pere .. . ..... ... 8, 15
accommodatus . . . . . . . 50
accuratus . . . . . . . . . . . 65
acerbe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
acles ............. 88, 96
ac:naces ... . ... . .... 104
actutum . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
acumen . .... .. ... . .. 112
acutus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
ad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
adaperire . . . . . . . . . . . 19
addere . . . . . . . ... . . . . 9
adducere . . . . . . . . . . . 21
adeo . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 77
adesse . . . . ... . . . . . . . 34
adhlbere . . . . . . . . . . . 8
adbuc . . .. .......... 83
adhuc non . . . . . . . . . 74
adigere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
adlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
adjumentum . . . . . . . . . 90
adjutor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
adjutrix . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
admlttere . . . . . . . . . . . 30
(137)
admodum aero . . . . . . . 81
adsequi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
adsidere . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
adstare . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
adulatio . . . . . . . . . . . 113
adulterius . . .. . . . . . . . 49
adven!re . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
adversum . . . . . . . . . . . 41
advertere . . . . . . . . . . . 26
adversarius ......... 104
adversus .......... 41, 48
advocatus ........... 117
aedicula .... ........ 108
aedes sacra . ... ...... 108
aeger . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 71
aegre . . . . ... . . . .. . . . 71
aegrltudo . . . . . . . . . . . 98
aegrotatio ........ 98, 121
aequales . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
aequitas ... . ... . .... 109
aequus ........ ... 65, 67
aes . . ... . .. .. 92
aes alienum. . . . . . . . . . 117
aetas ............... 121
aeternus . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
aevum .............. 121
atratim . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
atrere . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 37
aftlcere . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 6
amictus . . ... . . . . . . . . 54
aftluens . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
a fronte ........... .. 83
ager ............. 94, 98
agere ...... ... . 6, 35, 41
aggredi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
agltatlo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3
agmen . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 88
agrestis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
agricultio . . . . .. . . . . . 117
agrlcultura . . . . . . . . . . 117
Digitized by Goog le
138 LATIN INDEX.
alacer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
alea ................ 111
al.enaCo ............ 113
alienus ......... .'.. . 67
alioque . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
allquando ......... 78, 80
allquantulum . . . . . . . . 72
allquantulus . . .. . . . . . 127
allquls ........... 66, 125
aliquot .......... ... 127
allter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
allus ............. 67, 125
alter ..... .... ... 67, 125
alteruter . . . . . .. . . . . . 126
altus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
alumnus . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
amare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
amator ....... ..... . 117
amblgere . . .. . . . . . . . . 35
amblt:o . .. . . .. . . . .. . 113
ambo ............... 126
amenta . . . ... . . . . . . . 91
amicabU:s . . . . .. . . . . . 61
amlcltla . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
amlculum ........... 102
amicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
amltlnus . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
amnls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
amoenus ......... 49, 61
ampllus . . .. .. .. . . . . . 81
amplus .......... 51, 63
anceps . . . . . . ... . . . . . 67
anc' Ia . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 95
angusttis . . . . . . . . . .. . 51
anima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
anlmadverslo . . . . . . . . 90
anlmadvertere . . . . . . . 17
an:mus ...... .. .. . 93, lOG
annonae . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
ante ............. 41, 76
antecedere . . . . . . . . . . 27
anteferre . . . . . . . . . . . 38
antegredl . . . . . . . . . . . 29
antelre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
anteponere . . . . . . . . . . 32
antestare . . . . . . . . . . 24
antevenlre .......... 13
antevertere . .. . . . . . . . 26
antequam . . . . . . . . . . . 76
antlquus . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
anxlus . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 54
aperlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
aperte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
apertus . . . . . . .. . . . . . 65
appellatlo ........ ... 107
apponere . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
aptlsslmus .. . . . . . . . . . 54
aptus ............ 50, 69
apud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
arb:ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
arbltrarl . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
arbltr;s remotls . . . . . . 62
ardor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
area ... ..... ...... .. 100
arena ............... 121
argentum . . . . . . . . . . . 92
argumentum ......... 122
argumentatlo . . . . . . . . 122
arguus . . . . . . .. . . . . . 68
arrogantla . . . . . . . . . . 109
ars ........ ..... 111, 116
aspect us . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8
asper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
aspere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
asplcere .... ...... 14, 16
assecla . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
assen'atlo . . . . . . . . . . . 113
assentire ....... .. 14, 17
assldere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
assumere . . . . . . . . . . . 32
astutus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
asylum ............. 117
at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
auctor .............. 110
audacla ......... 106, 119
audentla . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
audlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
auferre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Digitized by Goog le
LA Tll'i INDEX. 139
aura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 carmen ............. 120
aut ................ 43 car us ............ 49, 64
aux:llum ............. 90 castlgatio . .......... 90
avere . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 10 .......... 121
avertere . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 castltaa ............. 121
avis . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 111
casus ............... 118
caterva ............. 103
B
cautes .............. 106
cautio .............. 113
baclllum . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
cedere .............. 27
baculum . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
celeber ............. 66
beat us ........... 60, 68
celer ............... 64
benefacere . . ....... 36
censere ............. 16
beneftcus . . . ... . . . . . . 63
cern ere ............. 18
benevolentla . . . . . . . . 124
certamen ........... 89
benevolus . . . . . . . . . . . 61
certe ............... 82
benigne . . . . . . ....... 79
certlor ............. 53
benignitas .. . . . . . . . . . 124
certus .............. 68
benign us
......... 61, 63
cervix .............. 104
bell us ........... 60, 61
ceterus ............. 67
belllcosus . . . . . . . . . . . 67
c!rcumagere ......... 36
belllger ............. 67
circumcludere ..... 18, 20
bils ................ 115
circum dare ........ 9, 11
bland! mentum . . . . . . . 113
circumdatus ......... 63
. . . . . . . . . . . . 114
clrcumducere ........ 21
bonum . . . ... . . . . . . . . 117
clrcumferre ......... 38
brevi . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 80
circumgredi ......... 39
breviter . . . . . ... . . . . . 80
circumire ........... 12
clrcummittere ........ 30
0
circumponere ........ 32
.. ..... 112
caduceus . . . . . ... . . . . 96
circumsedere ........ 25
caducus ............. 57
circumspcere ..... 14, 16
caedes . . . . . ... . . . . . . clrcumsidere ......... 26
caespes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 clrcumstare ......... 24
calamtas
........... 123 circum venire . ....... 13
callldus ............. 57 clrcumvidere . ....... 18
callosus ............. 61 circum vert ere . ....... 26
campus ............. 100 clt'us . .............. 76
candid us . . . . ... . . . . . 66 cit us ............... 64
capere .............. 8 c'vitas .............. 1H
capllhls . . . . . ... . . . . . 96 clam ................ 71
caput ............... 89 clarus ............ 61, 65
carere .............. 11 claudere . .. . ........ 20
Digitized by Goog le
140
clava ........ .... .. .
cemens ...... .. ....
cl e n ~ l a ...... ..... .
cogitare ........... .
cognitlo .... .... .... .
cognoscere ........ 15,
cohibere ...........
cohors .............
coelebs ............ .
coena .............. .
colre .............. .
collatio .. .. ........ .
collum .... ......... .
colonia ............ .
coma .............. .
comes .. ...... ..... .
comls ............. .
comitas ...... ..... .
comitatus ....... ... .
committere ......... .
commoditas .. . ..... .
commodum . ... . . 107,
commodus ......... .
communicans ..... .. .
communitas ........ .
commutabil!s ....... .
compendium ...... . . .
comperlre .......... .
completus ........ .4,
componere ........ . .
compos ............ .
conatus .. . . ....... . .
concedere .. . .. .. . . 16,
conclllum .......... .
oonclpere .. .. ....... .
concludere ......... .
concordia .......... .
concretus ......... 51,
concuplscere ........ .
condere ............ .
conducere .......... .
conferre ...........
confectus .......... .
confertus ......... 51,
LATIN INDEX.
95
55
117
15
88
17
8
103
53
106
12
118
10&
94
96
122
61
124
110
30
118
118
67
68
110
63
107
15
61
32
u
102
27
112
8
20
114
63
11
9
21
38
62
61
confestim . . . . . . . . . . . 76
conftcere . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
conftdent!a . . . . . . . . . . 118
congredl . . . . . . . . . 29
conjugium . . . . . . . . . . 97
conjuratio .. ......... 105
conjunctim . . . . . . . . . . 73
connubium ........ 29, 97
conqulsltus . . . .. . . . . . 58
consclentla . . . . . . . . . . 98
consecrare . . . . . . . . . . . 19
consensus ......... . . 114
con sen tire . . . . . . . . . . . 17
co nsensio . . . . . . . . . . . 114
consequi . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
consldere . . . . . . . . . . . 25
conslllum . . . . . . . . . . . 112
consobrini . . . . . . . . . . 99
conspectus . . . . . . . . . . 9 8
consplcere ........ 14, 16
consplratorea . . . . . . . . 105
cons tans .......... 57, 68
constantia . ...... 120, 121
constare . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
consuetudo ...... 101, 111
consultatlo . . . . . . . . . . 112
consultor . . . . . . . . . . . 117
consumere . . . . . . . . . . 32
contaglo . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
contec:us . . . . . . . . . . . 65
contentio . . . . . . . . . . . 102
continuo . .. . . . . . . . . . 75
controvertere . . . . . . . . 26
contumacla . . . . . . . . . . 109
conveniens . . . . . . . . . . 69
convenlre . . . . . . . . . . . 13
conventlo . . . . . . . . . . . 103
eonventus .. ......... 103
conversatlo . . . . . . . . . . 123
convertere . . . . . . . . . . 26
convlva ...... .. ..... 122
convlvlum . . . . . . . . . . . 106
copla ............ 113,. 118
coploaus . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Digitized by Goog le
LA TIN INDEX. 141
corpus . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 51
crassus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
creber ........... 51, 56
crebro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
credere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
crinis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
crimen .. ..... . ..... 100
cruor ............... 122
cujas ............ . .. 127
cujus .. ............. 127
culpa ............. .. 109
cultor . . ........... 117
cum . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 77
cunctue : . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
cupere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
cura . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
curriculum . . . . . . . . . . 100
custodes . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3
custodia . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3
D
damnum . . .. . 90, 109, 115
daps ........... . ... 106
dare .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9
de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
debllltatus . . . . . . . . . . 6 i
debitum ....... . . . 96, 118
decedere . . .. . . . . . . . . 2 7
decernere . . . . . . . . . . . 18
decipere . . . . . . . . . . . . S
decretum .. . ... . . .. . 103
dedecus . . . .. . . . . . . . . 93
dedere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
dedlcare . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
deducere . . .. . . . . . . . . 21
deerrans . . . . . . . . . . 6 6
deesse . ..... . . . . 11, 34
defatigatus . .. . . . . . . . 62
defensus . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
deferre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
deftcere . .. ... . . 11, 36
degredl . . . . .. . . . . . . . 29
degere . . . ..... .. . 36, 41
dehiscere . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
deicere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.
de improviso . . . . . . . . 78
de integro . . . . . . . . . . 76
delre . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 12
delator .. .. ...... ... 107
delectatlo . . . .. . . . . . . 106
dellberatlo . . . . . . . . . . 112
deliciae .. .... ....... 106
delictum ............ 100
dellrus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
delubrum . . . . . . . . . . . 108
dementia . . . . . . . . . . . 91
demlssus . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
demlttere . . . . . . . . . . . 30
demonstratlo . . . ..... 122
demum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
denique . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
densus ............... . 51
de nocte . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
denuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
deos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
deponere . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
depravatus . . . . . . . . . . 49
derepente . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5
descrlptue . . . .. . . . . . . 69
deses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
desldere . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
deslderare . . . . . . . . . . 11
desldla .. .. . . ...... 112
despectue . . . . . . . . . . . 98
desplcere .... ..... 14, 16
desumere . . . . . . . . . . . 32
detegere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
detrlmentum .... .. .. 115
devenlre . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
devius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
dlcio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
didiclsse . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
dies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1!9
dlmc1lle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
dlgnltas . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
dlgredl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
dlgressio . .. . . . . . . . . . 102
Digitized by Coogle
142 LATIN INDEX.
dlgressus . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2
dlllgentla . . . . . . . . . . . 101
dlmensus . . . . . . . . . . . 69
dlmlcatlo . . . . . . . . . . . 89
dlmlttere . . . . . . . . . . . 30
dlreptor . . . . . . . . . . . 91
dlscedere ......... 20, 28
discernere . . . . . . . . . . . 18
dlscesslo . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 2
discessus . . .. . . . . . . . . 102
dlscipllna . . . . . . . . . . . 116
dlsjunctlo . . . .. . . . . . . 113
dlspar .. ...... .... 63, 69
dlspendlum ......... 119
dlspersus . . . . . . . . . . . 56
dissidere . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
disslmllls . . . . . . . . . . . 53
dlssipatus . . . . . . . . . . . 56
dissolutlo . . ..... .... 123
dlstare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
dlu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
dlutlnus . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
dluturnus . . . . . . . . . . . 66
diversus . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
dlvertere . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
dives .. .. .... .. . . . .. 59
dlvos . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 90
doctor .............. 110
doctrlna .......... 88, 116
doctus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
documentum ........ 122
dogma .............. 103
dolus ............... 112
domlcilium .......... 119
domlnatlo . .. . . . . . . . . 91
dominus . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
domus .............. 119
donare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
donum ... . . ...... 99, 122
dublus . . . . ... . . . . . . . 67
ducere . . . .. ... . . . . . . 21
dulcedo ............. 106
dulcls ............ 49, 56
dumetum . . . . . . . . . . . 113
dumtaxat . . . . . . . . . . . 79
durus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
dux ................ 106
dynastes . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
E
e, ex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
edere . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 9
educere ............ 22
elferre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3&
efllcere . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6
efllgles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
egens ........... . 66, 68
egere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
egomet ............. 126
egredl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
egregius . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
ejusmodl . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
elegans ............. 58
elementa . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
e Ionglnqqo . . . . . . . . . 72
emere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
emlnus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
emlttere . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
emolumentum .... 107, 118
ensis ............... 104
eplstula . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
epulae .............. 106
epulum ............. 106
ereptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
erga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
errabundus . . . . . . . . . . 56
errans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
erudltlo .......... 88, 116
erudltus . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
esse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
et . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
etlam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
evenlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
everslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
evertere . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
evldere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
evolvere . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN INDEX. 143
excedere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
excernere . . . . . . . . . . . 18
excldlum . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
exclpere . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
excludere . . . . . . . . . . . 20
excublae .... .. : . . . . . 93
excubltores . . . . . . . . . . 93
ex equo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
exercl tus . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8
exlgere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
exire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
.......... 103
exitus ... .. ........ . 101
ex memQrla . . . . . . . . . 80
exoptare . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
exordium . . . . . . . . . . . 11 :t
expandere . . . . . . . . . . . 19
ex parte . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
experlentla . . . . . . . . . . 123
experlmentum .. .. .. . 123
explanare . . . . . . . . . . . 20
expletus . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
expllcare . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
explicator . . . . . . . . . . . 1lJ
exponere . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
expositor ............ 110
exqutsitus . . . . . . . . . . . 58
exsequl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
exstare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
extemplo . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
ex tempore . . . . . . . . . . 78
extinctlo . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
extremus .......... _.. 67
F
facere .... . .... . .. 3, 36
facies .............. 111
fac11is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
facilitas . ..... ...... 124
facinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
factum ............. 122
factus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
facto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
facultas . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
fallacla . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
famlliaris . . . . . . . . . . . 61
famll1aritas . . . ... ... 110
ramulus . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
fanum ... ........ . .. 108
faa ............. 65, 109
fastidium . . . . . . . . . . . 109
rastus ...... .... .. . . 109
fatigatus . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
fauces .............. 105
faustus ........... 50, 68
fautor . ............. 117
fecund us .. ....... 49, 58
felix .. .. ..... 50, 58, 68
terax ... . . . ... 57, 58, 59
fere . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 71
ferme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
feracla ...... . ...... 106
terre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
tertiUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
fessus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
festivus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
festinanter . . . . . . . . . . 75
fetus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
ftdells ............ 57, 60
fides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
ftdus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
ftgura .. ..... .. .. . 97, 111
ftllolus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
filius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
fines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
finis ....... ...... 99, 101
firm us . ........ . . 64, 6R
tlagitlum ........ . 93, 100
ftamma ..... . .. . ... . 102
fiumen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
fluvlus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
ftuxus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
foedus .... . . . ... . 49, 103
forma ....... .... 97, 111
formido . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8
formosus . . . . . . . . . . . 61
forsltan . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Digitized by Goog le
144 LATIN INDEX.
fortasse 0 0. 0 0 80 gravid us 0 65
fortuito 0 75 gravis ........... 65, 57
foratudo 0 0 107 gressus 0 0 97
fortunatus .... 50, 59, 68 grex 0. 103
frauditio 0 0 112 gula 0 0 106
fraus 0 0 0. 0. 0. 112
frequens ...... 52, 56, 61 H
frequenter 0 0 76
fructus ..... 107, 117, 118 habere 0 0 ...... 0 0 s
frugifer 0 0 58 hac tenus . ........... 83
frumenta 0 99 hast a 0 0 0 0. 0 104
frumentum .......... 99 hastlle 0 0. 96
frustra 0 0 0 0 74 haud 0 78
fruticetum 0 113 hauddum 0 0 0 74
frux 0 117 haudquaquam 0 0 78
fugax 0 0 0 57 haud sponte sua ...... 84
fundltus 0 0 0. 0 0 73
hereditas . 0 0 122
fur 0 0 91 heri 0. 0. 0 0 0 77
furor 0 91
herus 0 0. 0 0. 94
furtlm 0. 0 71
hesterno die .......... 77
fustis 0 0 95 hi are 0 0. 0 0 0 0 19
hie 0 0 0 126
G hllaritas 0 0 0 106
hoc modo ............ 74
gaudlum 0 106 homo . .............. 92
gener .............. 115 honestas . ........... 108
generosus ........... 51 honest us . ........... 51
genius .............. 94 horror . ......... . ... 108
gens . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 102 hostilis .. . .. . ....... 63
genus . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 111 hostis .. . ........... 104
gerere .............. 38 hujusmodi . ......... 66
german us ........... 60 humanltas ........ 88, 124
glad! us .......... . .. 104 human us . ........... 61
glaeba .............. 116 humllis . ............ 57
globus .............. 103 hunc in modum ....... 74
gnatus ............. 115
gracllls .............. 51 I
gradatim ........... 75
grad us . . . . . . . . . :. 76, 97 Idem ............... 125
gran dis . .. .. .. .. . 28, 63 ldentidem ........... 81
granum ............. 99 ideo . ............... 77
gratia .............. 113 ldoneus . ............. 69
gratus ........... <i9, 69 ignarus ............. 53
gravidatus .......... 55 lgnavla . . ........ 108, 112
Digitized by Coogle
LA TIN INDEX. 145
lgnavus .......... 64, 69
Ignis ............ 102
ignobilis . . . . . . . . . . 57
tgnominia . . . . . . . . . 9.3
ignorans . . . . . . . . . . 54
llle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
illiberalls . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Ulcet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Ulco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
lllinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
llliteratus . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Imago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
lmmanis . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
. . . . . . . . . . . 31
immo ........... 79, 82
impendlum . . . . . . . . . . 119
lmpensa ............ 119
lmperator ......... 105
imperceptim . . . . . . . . . 7 5
imperltus . . . . . . . . . . . 54
imperium . . . . . . . . . . 91
impertlens . . . . . . . . . . . 68
imponere . . . . . . . . . . 33
lmproviso . . . . . . . . . . 78
lmprudens . . . . . . . . . 53
imprudentla . . . . . . . . . 58
impune . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
impunite . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
impunitus . . . . . . . . . . . 81
in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
inanis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
lnaudltus . . . . . . . . . . . 50
inaugurare . . . . . . . . . . 19
lncedere . . . . . . . . 2 8
incassum . . ... . . . . . . 74
in cassum . . . . . . . . . . 7 4
lnceptum . . . . . . . . . . . 120
inceptio . . . . . . . . . . 120
incendere .......... 20
incendium . . . . . . . . . 102
incernere . . . . . . . . . . 16
1ncldere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
includere . . . . . . . . . . . 120
incommodum . . . . . . . . 115
lncommodus . . . . . . . . . 49
inconsiderate . . . . . . . . 7 5
lnconstans . . . . ... . . . . 63
lnconstantia . . . . . . . . . 121
lnconsulto . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Incunabula .......... 120
inde . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 76
indere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Indicium . . . . . . . . . . .
In dies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Indigene .......... 66, 68
lndlgnatio . . . . . . . . . . . 115
lndlgere . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
indoctus . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
inducere .......... 22
indulgens . . . . . . . . . . . 66
lndulgentia . . . . . . . . . 124
ind ustrla . . . . . . . . 10 2
in equo . . . . . . . . . . . 83
iners ............ 44, 69
Inertia . . . . . . . . . . 112
lnesse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
ineunte . . . . . . . . . . . 120
infamia . . . . . . . . . . 93
infelix . . . . . . . . . . 56
inferior . . . . . . . . . . 57
lnferre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Infest us . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
inflcere . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
infldelltas . . . . . . . . . . 121
lnfortunatus . . . . . . . . . 56
lnfrequenter . . . . . . . . . 84
In fronte . . . . . . . . . . . 83
ingenium . . . . . . . . . . 94
lngens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
ingenuus . . . . . . . . . . . 51
lngredl . . . . . . . . . . . 29
inhlbere . . . . . . . . 8
inlmicus ......... 53, 104
inlquttas . . . . . . 109
inlquus . . . . . . . . . . 49
lnlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
inltium ............ 119
injuria ......... 109, 116
Digitized by Goog le
146
LATIN INDEX.
in occulto . . . . . . . . . . . 71
innatua ............. 65
inopinato . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8
inops ............ 66, 68
inquisitor ........... 107
inritua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
lnsania . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
insitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
lnsc!ens . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3
lnscl tus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3
lnsclus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
insecare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
lnsequl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
lnsldere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
insignia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
In slnguloe dies . . . . . . 77
insipiens . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
insolentia . . . . . . . . . . . 109
insolltuB . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
inspicere ......... 14, 16
instanter . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
instar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Jnstltutum . . . . . . . . . . . 101
insumere . . . . . . . . . . . 32
instructor . . . . . . . . . . . 110
integer ...... . . 4, 61, 64
lntegrltas . . . . . . . . . . 108
lntelllgere ........ 15, 17
lntentus . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Inter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
lntercedere . . . . . . . . . . 28
lntercludere . . . . . . . . . 20
lnterdum . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
interesse . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
interflcere . . . . . .. . . . . 37
in' erire . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
intermittere . . . . . . . . . 31
interitus ........ 101, 123
interponere . . . . . . . . . . 33
interpretari . . . . . . . . . 20
lntervenire . . . . . . . . . . 13
lntervertere . . . . . . . . . 27
introducere . . . . . . . . . 22
tntroferre . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
introgredl . . . . . . . . . . 29
intromlttere . . . . . . . . . 31
inTospicere . ...... 14, 16
introvertere . . . . . . . . 27
invenire . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
invertere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
invldere . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
invidla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
invidus ....... , . . . . . . 58
Invite . . . . . . ... . . .. . . 84
lnvltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
ipse . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 125
Ira ........ . ........ 116
iracundla . .......... 116
Ire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
irrltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4
Is .................. 121i
lste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
lstinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
ita .... . ...... 44, 73, 77
Item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Iter .. . .. . ....... . .. 106
lterum . . . .. .. . . . . .. . 7fi.
J
jaculum ............ 104
jamdlu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
jamdudum . . . . . . . . . . 83
jampridem . . . . . . . . . . 83
jejunus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
jucundus . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
judex ... . ........... 107
judicare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
judicium . .. . . . . . . . . . 103
jure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
jus ................. 109
jus connubll . . . . . . . . . 97
jusjurandum . . . . . . . . 92
juste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
justitia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
justus . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 65
Digitized by Coogle
LATIN INDBiX. 147
L
labor 102
laetitla . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6
laetua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4'9
lares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
largiri . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 10
Iasaicudo ...... .... .. 62
laaaua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
latro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Iautus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Ienis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
lentus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Iepidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Ietum .............. 101
levis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
lex ............. 109, 111
llber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
llberalis ...... 51, 68, 63
llberalltas . . . . . . . . . . . 124
llberi ............ . .. 116
llbertlnus . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Ubertus .. .. .. . . .. . .. 89
libido . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
limes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
litera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
llterae .. .. .. .... .. .. 88
llteratus . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
lltus .... . ....... ... 121
lltuus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
llvldus . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 59
llvidulus . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
locuplee . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
locus ............ 90, 100
locus senti bus obsltus. 113
Ionge ............ 72, 83
lucrum .......... 107, 118
Iucus ............... 108
lues .. .. .. .. .... .. .. 98
lugubria . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
lumen .............. 116
lux ................. 116
luxurta . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
M
maceria
maerens ........... .
maestus ...... . .... .
magis ......... 71, 81,
. . ....... 94,
magnus ...... . ... 61,
maledicus .... ...... .
malefacere ......... .
maleficium ......... .
maleficus .......... .
malevolentla ........ .
malevolus .......... .
mallgnitaa ......... .
mallgnus ........ .49,
malitia .... . ....... .
maJ:tlosus .. .... .... .
malum ........... .. .
malus ............. .
mani!estus ......... .
mansuetus .......... .
manus ... . .... . .... .
matrimonium . . ..... .
mature ............ .
maxime ............ .
meamet ...... ... .. . .
mellus ........... 71,
memoria ........ .. . .
memoriter ........ . . .
mendicus .......... .
mens ............ 94,
meopte ....... . .... .
merces ......... . .. .
merum ....... .. ... .
metus ... .. ... .. ... .
milite ......... . ... .
minime ............ .
minister .......... 96,
minus ............ 78,
minutus ........... .
miser .............. .
misericordia ........ .
mlsericors .......... .
110
64
56
129
110
63
49
37
100
49
123
49
124
69
124
49
116
48
66
66
103
97
75
72
126
129
114
80
66
126
126
107
116
108
88
78
96
129
61
66
124
li&
orgitized by Coogle
148 LATIN INDEX.
mltls . . . . . . ... . . 56
mlttere . . . . . . . ;10
mobills . . . . .. . . . . . . . 63
mobllltaa . . . . . . . . . . . 121
modo ......... 73, 79, 81
modus .......... 111, 119
moenla ......... 110
moles ........... 112
mollla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
morbus .......... 98, 121
mors .............. 101
............ 123
motua .............. 123
mox .. .. . ... . . . . . . 81
mucro ............. 104
multa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
. . . . . . . . . . . 90
multiplex ......... 66, 63
multitudo ........... 119
multo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
multo minus . . . . . . . . . 82
multus . . . ... . . . . . . . . 60
mundus ............. 107
municlplum ......... 114
munus ........ 96, 99, 122
murus .............. 110
mutabllltaa .......... 121
N
natlvus . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
naturalls . . . . . . . . . . . 66
natua ............... 115
ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
nee ullus . . . . . . . . . . . 59
necdum . . . ... . . . . . . . 74
nedum .. .. .. . .... . .. 82
necoplnato . . . . . . . . . . 78
nefas ........... 100, 109
neglfgenter . . . . . . . . . . 7 6
negotium . . . . . . . . . . . 122
nemo ............ 69, 126
nemo non . . . . . . . . . . . 126
nemus .............. 108
nequam . . . . . ... . . . . . 49
nequaquam . . . . .. . . . . 78
neque or nee ....... 44, 59
nequedum . . .. . . . . . . . 7 4
nequlquam . . . . . . . . . . 7 4
'llesclens . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
neacius . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6i
neuter .............. 126
neutlquam . . . . . . . . . . 78
nex ................ 101
nihil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
nlhll jam . . . . . . . . . . . 80
nihil non . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
nlmis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7S
nlmls featlnanter . . . . . 75
nimis multi . . .. . . . . . . 79
nlmis sero . . . . . . . . . . 81
nlmium . .. .... .. .. .. 78
nimlum saepe. . . . . . . . 79
nisus .............. 102
noblllor . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
no bills . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 51
nocte . .. .. .. ... .. .. . 81
noctu . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 81
nolens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
nomen .............. 107
non .............. 59, 78
non dlutius . . . . . . . . . 80
nondum . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
non jam . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
nonnlhlli . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
nonnullus . . . . . . . . . . . 126
non nunquam ..... 80, 85
non semel . . . . . . . . . . . 81
norma ............. 111
noscere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
noster ............. 126
noatras ............. 127
notare . . . . . . . . . . . 17
notitia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
notlor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
novlsse . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
novo .............. 120
non nullus . . . . . . . . 59
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN lNDEX. 149
null us non ....... 59, 126
novus ............ , 50
noxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
noxia ............... 115
nullus .......... 59, 126
numen . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
nummatus . . . .. . . . . . . 60
nummus . . . . . . . . . . 92
numerosus . . . . . . . . 56
nunc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
nunquam non . . .. . . 86
nuper ............ 73, 82
nuptlae . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
nutrix .............. 119
0
ob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
obducere .. .. .. .. .. .. 22
obesse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
obesus . . . . . . .. . . . 52
obferre . . . . . . . . 38
obire . . . . . . . . . . . 12
obitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
oblectatio . . . . . . . 106
obscurus . . . . . . . . . . . 57
obsequi ........... 20, 23
obsequium . . . . . . . . . 114
observare . . . . . . . . . . . 17
obsessio . . . . . . . . . . 98
obsidere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
obsidlo . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
obsidlum . .. .. .. .. .. 98
obstare . . . . . . . . . . . 24
obsoletus . . . . . . . . . . . 62
obtusa . . . . . . . . . 52
obvenlre . . . . . . . . . . . 13
obvertere . . . . . . . . 27
occasio ............ 118
occedere . . . . . . . . . . 28
occludere . . . . . . . . . . . 21
occulto . .. .. .. . .. .. . 71
oculus .. .... .. .. .. .. 9G
officere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
officium .. .... .. .. .. 96
olim . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
ollus .......... 125
omlttere .. . . . . . . . . 31
omn:no ........... 73, 82
omnls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
onera ............ 118
onus ............. 112
opera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
opertus . . . . . . . . . . . 65
opimus ........... 59, 60
oplnari . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
oplnlo .............. 103
oppldo . . . . . .. . . . . . 82
oppldum ............ 114
oppletus .......... 61, 65
opponere ........... 33
opportunitas ......... 118
opportunua . . . . . . . . 67
oppugnatlo ...... ; . . . 98
optare . . . . . . . . . . . 10
optime . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
optlmus . . . . . . . . . 54
ops ............... 118
opulentus ........ .. . 60
opus .............. 102
ora .............. 121
orbla .............. 107
orb is terrarum . . . . . . 9 4
orto . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 84
ortus ............... 120
otlosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
otium .............. 106
p
pactum ........... 103
pactio .............. 103
paedagogus .......... 119
paene ............. 71
pagus .............. 100
palam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
palans . . . . . . . . . . 56
pallo.r ......... . . . 108
Digitized by Coogle
160
palus .............. .
pandere .... . . . .. . .. .
par .............. ..
paries .. .. . . ... ..
pares . . .. . . ... . .... .
partlens .. ... . . ... .
partlm . ....... . . . .. .
partite ..... . ..... .
partes . .... . . .. ... .
parietlnae ...... . ... .
parum ... . .... . .. 61,
parumper ..... . .... .
parvum . . ... .. .. . .. .
parvus . . . . ...... . . . .
passim . ... .. . . . , ... .
passus ... . ... ..... . .
patetacere ... ... . ... .
patera .. . .. .. . . . ... .
paterfamilias . .... .. .
patescere . . . .. . .....
patlenia ... . .... 106,
patrueles . . .. ... . . . .
patens .... . . ... ... . .
pati .... .. .. .. .... ..
patria ' .. ... .. . . ... .
patrimonium .. ..... .
patron us ... . .. ... . . .
patulus . .. ... ... .. 61,
paulatlm . .. .. . ... . . .
paulisper .. . . . ... . . .
pau
1
um ... .. . .. ... . .
paululum . ... . ..... .
pauper ... ...... . . 66,
pavor . . . . ... . . .. . . .
pax .. ..... . .. .. . 106,
pecunia .. . . . ... .. .. .
pecunia debita .. ... . .
pecuniosus . . . . .. . . . .
pedetemptlm . .. .. .. .
pedum . . . .......... .
penates . .. . .. .. . .. . .
penltus ... ... .. ... . .
pensum .. .. .. .... .. .
peragere . .. .. . . . ... .
LATIN INDEX.
~
96
19
66
110
68
68
76
76
96
110
82
79
82
50
83
97
19
19
94
19
120
99
65
16
99
123
117
65
75
79
72
72
68
108
114
92
118
60
75
95
90
73
102
36

percipere .. .... . .. . 8,
perdere . . . . . ....... .
perducere . ..... . . .. .
peregrinans ... . .... .
perferre . .. .... . .. . .
perftcere . .. ..... . .. .
perforare .. .. .... .
perfugtum .. . .... . . .
per graclus .. ... .. .. .
perhlbere ..... . . ... .
periclltatlo . .. .. . ... .
perlculum .... .. .. . . :
perlre ..... . . .. . .. . .
permlttere . . ... . ..
permotus ...... .. . . .
pe,.nlcies . .. . .. . ... . .
pernlx .. . ... . ...... .
perpesslo ......... . .
perpe'ultas .. . .. . . . . .
persedere .. . ... . . . . .
persentlre . .... .. .. . .
persequl .... . . . .... .
perseverantla . . . .... .
persplcare . . ... . .... .
perspicax .. . . ...... .
persta,.e .. ..... . ... . .
perturbatus .. .. .. . . .
perve11tre . ....... . . .
pervertere .. .. .. .. .. .
pervicacia ... . . .. ... .
pervldere .. ...... . . .
pestllentla . .. . . .. .. .
petulantla . . ....... . .
plcta .. . . .. ... . .... .
plctura .. . . .. .. . . .. .
pietas ... . . ....... 96,
plger .. .. . ... . . . . .. .
plgritia . .. . . . . . .... .
pigrlties . . ..... . ... .
pllum . . . . . .... .. .. .
plnguis ... .. ... . . . . .
pirata . ! . . . . . ..... . .
placidus . . . . .. ... . 67,
plane . . ......... . . .
17
9
22
56
38
37
19
117
75
9
123
123
12
31
54
123
64
105
120
26
17
23
120
H
57
24
54
H
27
120
IS
98
121
97
97
120
64
112
112
104
52
91
55
73
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN INDEX. 161
plebs . ..... .. ... .. . . 119
plenus ..... . .. 4, 61, 63
plerumque . . . . . . . . . . 76
plus . .. . ... .. .... 71, 81
plus quam semel. . 81
poema ... . .. . : . . . . . 120
poena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
pollere ... .... ..... . : 46
ponere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
populus . .. . .. . ... 92, 119
porrigere . . . . . . . . . . . 20
portus . .. . . . .. .. .. .. 117
posse . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 46
post . . . .. . . ... . . .. . . 71
postea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
postferre . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
postponere . . . . . . . . . . 3 ;J
postremus . . . .. . . . . . . 67
potentia . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
potestas .. ... . . ... 9 2, 118
potlssimum . . . . . . . . . 72
potlus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
praecedere . .. ..
6
. . . . 2 8
praeceptio . . . .. . . . . . . 116
praeceptor . . .. .. ... . 110
praeceptum .. 103, 111, 116
praeclpue . . . . . . . . . . . 72
praecludere .. .. . . . . 21
praeda .. . .. ... .. 107, 123
praedo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
praeducere . . . . .. . . . . 22
praeesse .. .. ; . . . . . . . 3 4
praefect us . . . .. . . . . . . 89
praeftcere . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7
praeferre . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
p r a e ~ n a n s . . . . . . . . . . . 65
praegredl . . . . . . . . . . . 29
praehlbere . . . . . . . . . . 9
praelre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
praemlttere . . . . .. . . . 31
praemlum .. . 99, 107, 122
praeponere . . . . . . . 33
praepropere . . . . . . 75
praescriptum . . . . 111
praesens . . . . . . . . 117
praesen tire . . . . . .. . 1 7
praesertim . . . . . . . . 7 2
praeses . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7
praesldium . . .. . .. 90, 9 3
praesldere . . . . . . .. . 26
praestantla . .... . .... 108
praestare . . . . . . . . .. . 2 4
praesumere . . . . .. . .. . 32
praeteragere . . . . . . . . . 36
praeterferre . . . . . . . . . 39
praetergredi . . . . . . . . . 29
praeterire . . . . . . . . . . . 12
p!'aetermittere . . . . . . . 31
praevenlre . . . . . . . . . 14
praevldere . . . .. . . . . . 18
pravus . . . . . . . . . . . 49
pressus . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
pretiosus .. . .. .. .. 64, 60
pretium . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
prima . .. .... .. . ... 120
prlmarius . . . . . . . . . . . 62
primordium .. . . .. .. 119
prlmo . ... . . ... . .. 120
primus .... . . .. ... 62, 89
princeps .. . ... 62, 89, 96
principes . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
priuciplum . . . . . . . . . . 119
prlscus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
prlstinus . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
prius . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 76
prlusquam . . . . . . . . . 76
prlvignus . . . .. . . .... 116
probrum . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
probus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
procedere . . .. ... ... . 28
procella . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
procer . . . . . . . . . . . 62
proceres . . . . . . . . . 89
procul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
prodere . . . . . . . . . . . 9
prodesse . ..... ; . . 34
prodire . . . . . . . . . . . 13
producere . . . . . . . . . 22
Digitized by Goog le
162 LATIN INDEX.
proellum . . . . .. . . . . . 89
profecto . . . . . . . . . 82
proferre . . . . . . . . . . 3 9
professlo . . . . . . . . . . . 116
professor ........... 110
proftcere . . . . . . . 3 7
proftclscl . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7
profundus . . . . . . . . . . Go
progredi . . . . . . . . . . . 29
prohibere . . . . . . . 9
promittere . . . . . . . . 31
propatulum ........ 100
prope . . . . ... . . . . . . . 71
propemodum . . . . . . 71
properanter . . . . . . . . 76
properus . . . . . . . . . . . 64
proponere . . . . 33
propugnacula . . . . . . . . 110
prorsus ............. 73
prosequi . . . . . . . . . . 23
prosperus ......... 60, 69
prospectus . . . . . . . . . . 9 8
prosplcere ........ 14, 16
prostare . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
protectus . . . . . . . . . . 6 5
protlnus . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
provenlre . . . . . . . . . . . 14
providentla . . . . . . . . 113
providere ._. ....... 16, 18
provincia . . . .. . . . . . . 96
provls!o . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
proxlmus . . . . . .. . . . . . 67
prudens ............. 67
prudentla . . . . . . . . . . . 101
publlce . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
pud!citla ... :. . . . . . . 93
pudor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
puer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
pugllatlo . . . . . . . . . . 89
pugilatus . . . . . . . . . 89
pugna . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
pugnax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
pulcher . . . . ... . . . . . . 61
purgare . . . . ... . . . . . . 19
puslllus . . . . . .. . . . . . 61
putare . . . . . . . .. . . . 16
Q
quaestus . . . . . . . . . .. . 107
quails ............ 67, 129
quallscunque ........ 127
quallsllbet .......... 127
quam ........... 67, 84
quamllbet . . . . . . . . . . . 86
quamvls . . . . . . . . . . 85
quanto . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
quantus ......... 67, 129
quamquam-tamen .. 129
quantuscunque ....... 127
quantuluscunque ..... 127
quantuslibet ........ 127
quantusvis . . . . . . . . . . 127
q u a n ~ u l u s .......... 127
quantus-tantus . . . . . 129
quails-taUs . . . . . . . . . 129
quam-tiiJD . . . . . . . . . . 129
quo ........... ;79, 129
quo-eo ............ 129
quotus .......... 127, 129
quotus-totus . . . . . . . . 129
quot ........... 67, 129
quot-tot . . . . . . . . . . . 129
quotcunque . . . . . . . . . 127
quotquot . . . . . . . . . 127
quoties-toties . . . . . . 130
quasi . . . . . . ... . . . . 74
quemadmodum . . . . . 84
quicunque . . . . . . . . . . 125
quldam ........... 126
quidem . . . . . . . . . . . 82
qules .............. 106
quietus . . . . . . . . . . . 67
quill bet . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
qui, quls . . . . . . . . . . . 66
quire . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
qu!snam . . . . . . . . 125
qulsptam . . . . . . . . . 66
Digitized by Goog le
LATIN INDEX. 163
qulsquam . . . . . . . . . . . 126
quisquis .... . . . 66, 126
qulvls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
quondam . . ... . . . . . . . 78
quoque ....... . ..... 83
quotldie . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
R
rabies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
rapldus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
raptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
raro ......... . ... 79, 85
ratio ......... . . . 111, 122
recedere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
recens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
receptaculum . . . . . . . . 117
recessus . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 R
reclpere . ..... .. . . .. 8
recludere ......... 19, 21
recordatlo . .. . .... . . .. 114
recrudescere . . . . . . . . 20
recta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
recte ...... .. ..... 79, 80
rectus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
reddere . . . . . .. . . . . . . 10
aedlgere . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6
redlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
reducere . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
referre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
refer, us ...... .... . 4, 61
ref! cere . . . . .. . . . . . . . 3 7
refuglum . . . . . . . . . . . 117
regnum .. .. .... .. .. . 92
regredi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
regula ...... . ...... . 111
rellglo ...... . . 96, 99, 120
rellquus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
remlssus . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
remlttere . . .. . . . . . . . . 31
repente ........ . . 76, 78
reponere . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
republica . . . . . . . . . . . 114
,
requlescere .. . .... .. .
requles .... . . . ... .. .
rerum natura ....... .
res .... . .......... 5,
res credltae .. . . . .. . .
resequl . .. . .... . ... .
reserare ... .. .. .. .. .
resldere ....... . ... .
reslgnare . . . .. .. .. . .
resplcere . . . . ..... 14,
restare ...... ... . . . .
resumere ..... . .. . . .
retegere ........ . .. .
retroagere .... . .... .
retrogredi . ....... . . .
retrosplcere .... . ... .
revenlre .... .. ..... .
revertere ......... 2 6,
revidere ........... .
revolvere ..... . .... .
rlpa . ........... . . .
rite ............... .
ritus .......... . . . . .
rlvulus ..... ... .... .
rlvus ..... .. . . .. . . . .
robur .. .... . . .... 46,
robustus . . . . .. . .... .
rudlmenta .... .. . . . .
rudls . ..... . ... . ... .
rulna . ... . .. . ... .. . .
rupes ......... .. . . . .
rursum ......... . .. .
rursus ............. .
rus ......... .. .... .
rustlcanus .......... .
rusticus .... ........ .
8
sacellum
sacramentum ... .. . . .
sacrarlum .. . . . ... .. .
saeculum ..... .. ... .
3
106
107
12'2
118
23
19
26
19
16
25
32
20
36
30
17
14
27
18
19
121
80
111
91
91
92
64
120
54
123
106
77
77
99
62
52
109
92
109
121
orgitized by Coogle
154
saepe .............. .
saepenumero ........ .
sagax ............. .
sal em ............. .
salubris ........... .
salutaris ........... .
salutifer ........... .
salvus ........... 52,
sanctitas ........... .
sanctimonia ........ .
sane .............. .
sanguis ............ .
sanus ............. .
sapientia .... . ..... .
sarcina ............ .
satietas ............ .
saturitas ........... .
satiatus ............ .
satis .............. .
sauciatio ........... .
saxum ............. .
scelus ............. .
scientia ............ .
scintillae .......... .
scipio ............. .
scire .............. .
scilicet ............ .
secare ............. .
secedere ........... .
secernere .......... .
secessus ........... .
secludere ......... 18,
secre'o ............ .
secundum .......... .
secundus .......... .
securus .......... 52,
secus .............. .
sed ............... .
sedere ............. .
sedes ........... 100,
seducere ........... .
segnis ............. .
segnltia ........... . . .
LATIN INDEX.
76
76
58
82
64
64
64
64
120
120
82
122
64
114
112
119
119
69
72
115
106
100
89
102
96
15
82
20
28
19
118
21
71
43
68
59
80
44
25
119
22
65
112
\
segnlties . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
semita .............. 106
semper . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
sempiternus . . . . . . . . . 69
semel et saeplus...... 81
senectus . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
senium . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
sensim . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
sententia ............ 103
sentire ........... 16, 17
seponere . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
sequi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
serenus . . . . .. . . . . . . . 68
serius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
sero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
serus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
servitium . . . . . . . . . . . 104
servitudo .......... 104
servitus . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
servus . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 95
sic .............. 74, 77
sicut ............. 74, 130
sicuti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
signum ...... 97, 116, 122
silens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
silex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
sim;litudo . . . .. . . . . . . 9'1:
similis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
simplex . .. . . . . . . . . . . 65
simulacrum . . . . . . . . . 97
sincerus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
sine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
sine arbitris . . . . . . . . . 62
sinere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
singularis . . . . . . . . . . . 63
singulus . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
sive or seu .. . .. . .. .. 44
socie' as . . . . .. . . . . . . . 110
sobrini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
socius .............. 122
90dalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
~ o l i d u s ............ 4, 61
solitarius . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Digitized by Coogle
LATIN INDEX. 155
'JOlum ......... 79, 94 subire .............. 13
wolummodo ........ .. 79 submissus . .......... 57
sol us ............ 63, 62 submlttere ..........
81
solvere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 subsen:ire ........... 17
sollers . . . . . ... . . . . . . 58 subsequi ........... 23
solllcitudo . . . . . . . . . . 101 subsidere ... ... . .... 26
solllcitus . . . . . . . . . . . 64 subter .............. 43
sordid us ............ 67 subtf.lls . . ...... .. 58, 60
'JOTS . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 96 subs tare ............ 25
sospes
. . . . . . . ...... 52 subvenire ........... 14
spatlosus . . . . ... . . . . . 63 subvertere ........... 27
species . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 succedere ........... 28
specimen ........ 111, 122 sullicere ............ 37
speculatores . . . . . . . . . 93 sumere ............. 31
I
spicere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 summus ............ 60
spiritus .... ...... 94, 109 ............ 109
IJPiSSUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 supercedere ......... 28
'ilponslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 superesse ........... 35
11tabllls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
supergredl 0 30
stare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 superponere ......... 33
stat;m . . . ... . . . . . . . . 75 supersedere ......... 26
statio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 superstare .. . ....... . 25
statu a 0 97
supervenlre . ..... ... 14
. . . . . . . . . . . . 16 supervldere 0 18
serllls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
suppllcium ...... .... 90
etlpatus ............ 63
supponere 0 34
stirps 0 102 suppressus .. ........ 67
stomach us . . . . . ... . . . 116 suopte 0 i26
strages 0 0 123

suscipere . ........... 8
studlum ....... .. 102, 113 eusplcere 0 17
stulte 75
.suus 126 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
stultus ........ ..... 64
stuprum . ..... ...... 93 T
'iUa sponte .......... 84
sua vis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 tabula 0 97
suavltas . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 tacitus 0 62
suamet . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 taUs 0 66
subdere 0 10 talos ............... 90
subducere 0 22 tam . ............. .. 77
subesse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 tam quam ........... 74
subferre . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 tandem 0 73.
subgredl . . ... . . . . . . . 30 tan Idem ............ 127
sublgere 0 36
tantopere .. ... ...... 77
Digitized by Goog le
166 LATIN INDEX.
tantulus . . . . . . . . . . 127
tantum . . . . . . . . . . . 79
tantundem . . . . . 127
tan .ummodo . . . . . . . . 79
tardus . . . . . . . . . . 64
tectus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
tegere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
telum ... . .......... 104
tellus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
temere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
temerltas . . . . . . . . . . 10 7
temperantla . . . . . . . . . 121
t e m p e s ~ a s . .. ..... 97, 107
templum .. . ... . ..... 109
tempus ..... 107, 117, 121
tenax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
tener ........ ... . . . . 56
tenere . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 14
tenuis .... 50, 57, 68, 66
terminus .... . ... . ... 99
terra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
terrae ...... . .... .. . 107
territorium . . . . . . . . . 94
terror .... . ........ 108
tessaras . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0
testimonium . .... ... . 122
tiD,lor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
'.olerantla .. . ... .. ... 106
toleratlo . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
torrens . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
totidem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
totus ... . . .. ... 4, 61, 127
tradere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
tranqullltas . . . . . . . . . . 106
tranqulllus . . . . . . . . . . 67
trans . . .... . .... .. .. 43
tragula ... . .. .. . .... 104
transducere . . . . . . . . . 23
transferre . . . . . . . . . . . 39
transgredi . . . . . . . . . . . 30
translgere . . . . . . . . . . . 36
transire . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
transmittere . . . . . . . . . 31
trans pi cere . . . . . . . . . . 17
transponere . . . . . . . 33
transvenire ...... 12, 1
transvertere . . . . . . . . 2 7
trepidatlo . . . . . . . . . . . 108
tribuere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
tributum . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
tr;stls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
tum . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 73
turgens . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
turgidus . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
turpis . .... ...... 9. 67
turpitudo . . . . . . . . . . . 93
tutus . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 52
tuus ...... . ....... . 126
tyrannus . . . . . . . . . . . 95
u
uber .. . . . ...... . . 69, GO
ubi . .. .. .. . .. ... 77, 79
ubiqrie . . .. .. .... . . . 83
ullus .. .. . . . .. . .. 66, 126
ultlmus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
ultor . ...... . . . . . . . . 121
ultro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
umquam . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
una . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
unanimitas .. .. .. . . . . 114
.undique . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
unicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
universus . . . . . . . . . .. . 61
unus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
unus solus . . . . . . . . . . 62
urbs ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 114
usus . ..... . ... . . 101, 123
ut .. . . . . . . 44, H, 77, 84
utcunque . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
utllls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
utllltas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
ut-sic .... . .. . . .... 130
Digitized by Goog le
v
vacare
vacuus ........... 68,
vagrans ............ .
vagus ............. .
valens .............
valere ............
valetudo ........... .
validus ............ .
vanus ............. .
vappa ............. .
varietas ............
varius ............. .
vastus ............. .
vecordia ........... .
vectigal ........... .
vehementer ........ .
vel or ve ....... 44,
velatus ..........
velle ............ :.
velox .............. .
velut .............. .
venia .............
venire ............
venustus ......... 68,
verax .............. .
vere ...............
verecundia ......... .
verna ............. .
vero .............. .
vertere ..... ; ...... .
verum ......... ; ... .
verus ............ 60,
verutum ........... .
vester ............. .
vestibulum ......... .
vestimentum ....... .
vestis ............. .
vestltus ............
vestras ............ .
veteranua .......... .
LA TIN INDEX. 157
11
69
66
66
64
46
98
64
68
116
121
63
63
91
118
73
83
65
10
64
74
113
13
61
60
82
108
96
82
26
82
65
104
126
100
102
102
102
127
62
vetus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
vetustus . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
vexlllum . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
via ............. 106, 111
vicus ............... 100
videlicet . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
videndi facultas ....... 96
videre .. .... .......... 17
vlgllae . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
viglles . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
vills ......... 57, 66, 68
vinculum . . . . . . . . . . . 93
vindex ... :. . . . . . . . . . 121
vlnum .. . .. . ........ 116
vir .. . . . .. .. . . . .. .. 92
vires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8S
virtus .............. 107
vis .............. 46, 92
visio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
visus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
vita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
vitium .............. 109
vix . . . .. .... . . . .. .. . 71
vixdum . . . . . . . . . . . 71
volatlcus .. . .. .... .. . 67
volatilis . . . . . . .. . . . . . 6 7
volens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
voltur ........... 111
volucer ............. 64
volucrls . . . . . . . . . . 11!
voluptas . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6
vomitus . . . . . . . . . . . 98
vulgus .............. 119
vulneratlo ........ 116
vulnus ... ....... 115
Digitized by Goog le
ENGLISH
able ......... ... ..
abundance .. .. ..... .
a certain one ....... .
Adjectives ... .. .
Adjective Terminals 4'1,
advantage .......... .
Adverb Terminals
afar ............ ...
after .............. .
again .. ... ...... . 76,
agreement .... ..... .
all ................ .
allow .............. .
almost ... . . .. ..... .
alone ............. .
also ............... .
altogether ......... .
a little while ....... .
anger ... ........ 115,
another ........... .
another's ... ... .... .
at all times ......... .
at length .. . ...... 72,
46
113
126
48
48
118
'10
72
71
77
114
61
16
71
62
83
73
79
116
125
67
85
73
army . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
as-so ............. 127
as little-so Jlttle .... 127
as little as anything
whatsoever ...... .. 127
avenger ............. 121
a very little more .... 127
B
bad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
band .... . .......... 103
be . . . . . . . . 34
(158)
INDEX.
before . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 76
beautiful . . . . . . . . . . . 61
beg;nnlng ....... 119, 120
beginnings ... . ...... 120
beneficent . . . . . . . . . . . 63
best . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 54
better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
bet:er marked . . . . . . . 53
better reputation . . . . . 53
bird ................ 111
bitterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
blood ......... .... .. 122
boldness . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
both together ....... 126
boundary . . . . . . . . . . . 99
burden ............. 112
by heart ......... ... 80
by might . . . . . . . . . . . 81
c
calm 67
capriciousness . . . . . . . 121
care ................ 101
carry ...... . ..... 37, 39
caution ............ . 113
certainly . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
changeable . . . . . . . . . . 63
charge ........ . . ... 100
chief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
chiefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
children . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
city ................ 114
come . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 13
companion . . . . . . . . . . 122'
Conjunctions . . . . . . . . 43
conscience . . . . .. . . . . . 99
conspirators . . . . . . . . . 105
constancy . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Digitized by Goog le
ENGLISH INDEX. 159
continence . . . . . . . . . . 121
conven;ent . . . . . . . . . 67
Corre1atl"W!e8 . . . . . 120
council . . . . . . . . . . . 112
counsel . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
country . . . . . . . . . . 98
courage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
cousin, cousins . . . . 99
covered ....... . . , . . 65
crime ...... .. .... 100
custom ....... ..... . 101
D
daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
dart .. . . . ........ . .. 104
day, days . . . . . . . . . . 89
dear . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
death .............. 101
debt ............ ... 118
deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
destruction . . .. . . . . . . 12 3
dice . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 90
DJJrerence between Neg-
atives and Privatives lS9
Ditl'erence of Tenninals
of Nouns . . . . . . . . . 8lS
different . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
do ............... 35, 36
doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
duty . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Dynamic and Static
Ideas . .. .... . .. 45, 46
E
each individual 126
each of two ........ 126
each of two separately. 126
earth .. .. .. .... .. . .. 94
etrort ............... 102
empty . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
endurance . . . .. . . . . . 105
enemy .............. 104
enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
envious . . . . . .. . . . . . . 59
equal .... . ..... .. 66, 67
equals . .... .. .. .. .. 6"S
especially . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2
eternal . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
estrangement . . . . . . . . 113
expense ...... .. .... . 119
experience . . . . . . . . . . 123
ever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
every man . . . . . . . . . . 126
every one ......... 59, 126
every one without
exception .. ....... 126
everything . . . . . . . . . . 12 6
everywhere . . . . .. . . . . 83
F
Ji'ourth Chapter. . . . . . . 128
farming . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
favor ... . ... ... . 112, 113
fear . .. .. ........ .. . 108
feast ............... 106
fertile ........ .... 58, 59
flght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
flne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
flre ................. 102
first ... .. .. . . . , . . 62
fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
flattery .. .... . .. 113, 114
fleeting ....... ; . . . . . 57
follow . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
for a long time. . . . . . 83
force .. .. ..... .. .. .. 46
form .. .. .. . . . 111
frequently . . . . .. . . . . 76
freeman . . . . ... . . . . . . 89
friendly . . . . . . . . . 61
friendship ........... 110
Digitized by Goog le
160 ENGLISH INDEX.
front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
fruit .. . ............ 117
full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
G
gain ........... . .. . . 107
garment . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
general . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
gift .......... 99, 122
give . . . . . . . .. . . . 9
go ........... 12, 27, 28
gods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
going away ......... 102
good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
gradually .... . ... 76, 76
grain, grains . . . . . . . . 99
great . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
grove ............... 108
guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
R
hair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
happy ......... 60, 68, 69
have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
healthful . . . . . . . . . . . 64
help . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 90
helper . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 96
hitherto . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
home ............. . . 119
horseback . . . . . . . . . . . 83
hOW , , 84
however . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
I
Ignorant . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Ill-will .......... 123; 124
immediately . . . . . . . . . 75
I myself . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Inactive . . . . ... . . . . . . 69
Indolence . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Informer : . .......... 107
Injury .. ............ 116
In vain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Involuntarily . . . . . . . . . 84
J
Joy ............. . .. 106
just as many ...... . .. 127
just now . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
just so great ........ 127
K
kindness . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
knowledge ........ 88, 89
L
lasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
J a ~ e l y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Latin Index . . . . . . . . 137
lead .. . .......... 21, 23
learned ............ . 60
learning . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Jetter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Ufe .. .. . . ........... 94
Ught ............... 116
like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
like an enemy. . . . . . . . 53
Jfkeness . . . . . . . . . . . 97
likewise . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
little . . . ...... 72, 82, 83
low .............. 56, 57
M
madness.......... . . 91
make ... . ........ 36, 37
man ................ 92
manner . ............ 111
many a man. . . . . . . . . 126
marriage .. .. .... .. .. 97
master ........... 94,
means ............. .
measured .......... .
memory ........... .
mild .............. .
mind ............ 93,
mine .............. .
money ............. .
more ............ 71,
more certain ....... .
movement ......... .
much less .......... .
N
name .............. .
notion ............. .
natural .......... 65,
neck ............ 104,
needy ............. .
neither of two ...... .
never not .......... .
noble ............... .
no longer .......... .
no man ............
no one ........... 69,
not ............... .
nothing ............ .
not his own ......... .
not never .......... .
not yet ............ .
Nouns ............. .
Nouns from Adjectives.
Nouns from Substan.
tlves ............ .
Nouns from Verbs ... .
now ............... .
numerous
0
oath .............. .
of any kind anybody
may like ........ .
ENGLISH INDEX. 161
95
118
69
114
66
94
126
92
81
63
123
82
107
92
66
105
68
126
86"
51
80
126
126
78
126
126
85
74
88
87
86
M
Ill
56
92
127
of any kind soever. . . 1 a 7
of any size anybody
may like .......... 117
of any size soever. . . . 1l!7
of any size you may
wish ............. 187
of anJt number
whatever ......... 127
of your nation ........ 127
of whose nation ...... 127
of your nation. . . . . . . 1117
of so much value ..... 117
of the country. . . . . . . . 12
of this kind . . . . . . . . . 66
old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . es
old age . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '18
one, alone, one alone,
only . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n
open ......... 19, 20, 85
openly ........... ~ , 80
opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
otherwise . . . . . . . . . . . 80
ours ............... 126
p
partly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V6
patrimony ....... 122, ua
patron .............. H7
patronage . . . . . . . . . . . 11 'l
people .............. 119
perceive .......... HI, 18
perhaps . . . . . . . ... . . . 80
piety ............... 11'0
place .............. ItO
pleasant . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
poem ............... 120
poor ............. 66 68
power ............ 91, 12
pregnant ......... ~ , ~ 6
PrepositJ.ons ...... 41, .a
Digitized by Coogle
16Z ENGLISH INDEX.
pride ............... 109
PrimaJ71deaa .... 40, 41
PTenouas .......... 126
proof ............... 122
pugnacious . . .. . . . . . . 57
punishment . . . . . . . . . 90
put, place .... . ... 3j!, 34
R
rarely ............. 84, 86
rashly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
rather . . . . . ... . . . . . . 71
refuge .............. 117
rest ................ lOG
rest, remainder . . . . . . 67
rich ............. 59, 60
right . I>" ........ 65, 109
rightly . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
river . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
road ............... 105
robber ........... 90, 91
rock . ............. 105
rule ............... 111
8
sad ........... ... 54, 55
safe . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 52
aame ............... 125
satiety . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
. . . . . . . . . . . . 69
scarcely ......... . . 71
secretly . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Second Chapter ... 40, 41
seige . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
send ............. 30, 31
servant .......... 95, 119
self . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
shame . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
share ............... 121
sharing . . . . . . . . . . . 68
ahortiy ............. 80
shrewd ......... 57, 58
shut ............. 20, 21
sickness ........ 98, 121
sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
silent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
sit ............. 25, 26
slavery . . . . . . . . . . . 104
slow .......... .. 64, 65
small ............ 50, 51
.......... 73,74, 77
sod ........... . .... 116
some more ......... 127
some one ..... 59, 66, 12ii
sometimes ........ 80, 85
somewhat more ...... 127
son ................ 115
space ............... 100
staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
stand : ........... 24, 25
standard ............ 115
Standards ........ 128-134
state ............... 11-1
step .......... 28, 30, 97
stock ............... 102
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
strength . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
suddenly . . . . .. . . . . 7 8
suited . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
surrounded by . . . . . . . 63
swift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
sword .............. 104
T
take ........... 8, 31, 32
tax ................. 118
teacher ............. 110
teaching . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
temple .......... 108, 109
tenacious . . . . . . . . . . . 57
territory . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
thence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
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ENGLISH INDEX.
thick ......... . 61, 52
thicket . . . . . . . 113
thief . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
thine ... . . . ...... . .. 126
thing ....... ...... .. 122
Things to be
Meaaored . . ... . . 128-184
think . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 15
Third Chapter . . . . . . 43
this, that . . . . . . . . . . . 125
time .. .... .... . . 107, 121
tired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
too .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 78
too late .. .. .. . . .. 80, 81
too many . . . . . . . . . . . 79
too often . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
treaty .............. 103
trickery .... . ..... . . 112
true . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
turD . ...... . . z. 27
u
unlike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
v
vain . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . &s
view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
voluntarily
w
wall
wandering ... ...... .
84
110
56
want . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
whatever number . . . . . 127
whatsoever .. .... . . .. 127
when . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
where . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
which of the two
separately . ...... 126
who .. . ..... ... . . ... 125
whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
who, pray . . ......... 125
whose ..... . ...... . . 127
whosoever .......... 125
wine ............. . . 116
wisdom ........... .. 114
wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
with his own . .. ..... 126
with impunity . . . . . . . 80
with my own. . . . . . . . . 12 6
world ....... .. ..... 107
worthiness . . . . . . . . . . 108
wrong .......... . ... 109
y
yes 79
yesterday . . . . . . . . . . . 77
yours ...... .. ...... 126
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Retant tlda book oa beton date clae.
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