This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned
by Google as part of a project
to make the worlds books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge thats often difcult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this le - a reminder of this books long journey from the publisher to a library and nally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the les We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these les for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Googles system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google watermark you see on each le is essential for informing people about this project and helping them nd additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we cant offer guidance on whether any specic use of any specic book is allowed. Please do not assume that a books appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Googles mission is to organize the worlds information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the worlds books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http://books.google.com/ 1 Gift of Prof. Raymond Harriman STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES ( \ Digitized by Coogle Digitized by Coogle Digitized by Goog le Digitized by Coogle Digitized by Goog le' Latin Synonyms Defined From Two Standpoints, ( 1) From the Historical and Derivative; , (2) From the Natural and Logical A14 from the presence of the following Intrinsic end Undeniable Concepts: (a) Oeneric and Specific Ideas, (b) Primary and Secondary Ideas. (c) Dynamic and Static Ideas, (d) Measure and Thing to be Measured. --------Bv-------- ROBT. WM, DOUTHAT, PH. D .. Prof. of the Lati/Lanp;uag .. and Literature in the \\'est Virp;lnU. University, Morgantown, W. Va. Digitized by Goog le Copyrighted, 1110'1, By ll.OB8RT WM. DOUTHAT. All Ricbts Rese"ed, Digitized by Coogle PREFACE The need of some explanation of the real differences in the use and meanings of words is found to be neceaaary from the very beginning of our course of study in a foreign language. Otberwlae, the ordinary student of a foreign tongue wlll make as many blunders as the Frenchman who had concluded from a short stay In thla country that Uvlng in America was very "cosTIVE," and that, if be could once get hold of all the ways in which "GoT" is used, he would know two-thirds of the English language. Students of Latin will sometimes try to translate an Eng. sentence by the first words they find' answering to the Eng. words. For example, the following sentence is given in English to be turned into Latin:-"The whole farm ._ co11ered with sheep and cattle and hogs and chickens." The student finds n:co means "to co11er'' and writes TECITUB and tben the sentence to a Roman would mean "the whole farm "" roofed in" with sheep and cattle and bogs and chickens," so that the rains cannot get to the land any more and the earth wlll keep dry. In other words, bogs and cattle and sheep and chickens are spread so thick over a raised platform that neither rain or sunshine can reach tbe ground underneath. Again, "the dialogue ._ made to rest on the authority of men of the olden times." FACEBJ: means 'to make' and BJ:QUU:SCEJU: means to rest.' Then the student writes BEQUIJ:SCEBJ: FACTUS EST, wbicb to the Roman mind meant 'W made to go to Bleep.' Take the expression In Eng .. 'a gootJ Ileal,' and dictate to a student "he bad a good deal in his basket,'' pronouncing carelessly the word 'deal.' as many do, making it 'uL. The student wlll soon speak out,- "teacher, I know all the words in that sentence perfectly well, except J:J:L, Wlll :YOU please tell D;le what that is in Take the expression "bellietJ sails" or "fu'l sails;" you would not look for the VENTBUACTA VELA Or VELA ALVI:ATA Or VELA PLI:lU, but for VELA PASSA, 'spread sails' Take sueh an expression as "full 11411"; :you would not use nor COMPLI:TVS, but SOLIDUS, INTECI:B, Or TOTUS. (3) Digitized by Goog le PREFACE. What the student wants Is a clear conception of the true meaning of a word, and then he wl:l be able to understand the writer o.- to expres3 himself with exactness and force; but, If he does not know the dltrerence in the use of synonyms, he will blunder In his thinking and also In his expression. Now, we may sometimes think that the student Is the on!y one at fault In this matter. He ha3 s ~ u d l e d carele3sly, has not been critical, etc .. etc. But the truth of the matter Is the fact that NINE" TENTHS of those who have s<.udlrd Latin or Greek for three or five years, and who know the grammatical relations of words well, do not know the dltrerences of words, which, having the same meaninga In the vocabularies, (arry Immense dltferences In their values. And now come3 the astonishing feature lp the case, viz., that fully ONE HALF . of the TEACHERS OF LATIN do not know and therefore cannot explain these dltferences, and at least ONEHALF of the OTHER HALF wlll depend on 'vague and unsatisfactory dellnltlons and have abso- lutely no principle of Interpretation. Put up for examination the 60,000 TEACHERS of Latin In the Un!ted States and let the examination be wholly on synonyms. THBEEFOUBTHS, or 37.500 will not g:ade 60 out of 100, and 26,000 will not grade 26 out of 100, and 10.000 will not grade 10 out of 100, and yet, to get the true value. of a trans- lation from Latin Into English depends as much on the exact ren dering of a verb or a noun or an adjective or adverb or a preposition as it does on cases or modes and tenses. No rendering by simple mode and tense or case can ever satisfy a critical mind. The true mean!ng of the word must be known, and this cannot be known, unless the ditrerence between any two words with similar meanings Is clear,-clear by definitions, clear by some principle of interpretation, or clear by the historical and derlvaave connection of the word. We feel therefore that, next to Grammar, there must be a clearing up of the d!trerences existing among synonymous words, and this constitutes our apology for making this book along lines already definitely drawn. And now a word to my fellow teachers as to the method to be pursued In the use of the book. Digitized by Goog le PREFACE. 6 (1) No student, much less teacher, would ever stultify himself by saying that there are not GENERAL and SPECIFIC terms employed by the Latin; for, If we go no further, all Neuters are generic. When Cesar sa!d pugnandum e.e. he meant that fought. We know also that Ru Is the most generic term among nouns, meaning an11thing visible or invi ible, an11thir.g that can be imagined or dreamed of CJ8 an object or subject . Then for all actions, AGEBE Is the most generic term among verbs, etc., etc. The dUrerence between GENEBics and Sncmcs should be pointed out frequently and made clear to the comprehension of every student, at least after he has had his flrst year In the study of the forms of Nouns, Verbs, Adjectit1e;, etc. (2) PBIMABY and SECONDABY words should also have attention, but these might be left for the Third Year, as theze require a higher degree of intelligence and w!der range of thought than do the General and Special, and yet the Primarv and Becondartl are equally as Import- ant as the Generic and Bpeci{tc. As examples of the Primar, and 8econdar,, most of the Prepositicms are prlmar,, but DE Is certainly and 1001 things may be explained from Its mean- lng that could not be so well explained in any other way. (3) DYNAMIC and STATIC Ideas require a stfll wider reach of thought and therefore should not have much attention before the fourth 11ear of the courae. but then they should be strongly impressed, for the dUrerences are both great and Important. We shall make much use of these Ideas in dfscrimfnatlng between words In the body of our book. ( 4) STANDABDB and THINGS TO BE Mi:ASUBED should have special attention. THE AUTBOL West Va. Unfv., Morgantown, W. Va. Sept. 1, 1907. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS The Unee along which we shall work wlll take the lead of the four special directions indicated on the last page of our preface, namely: (1) 'l'be Generic aad BpecUlc. (2) Tbe Primai'J and Becondaly. (8) The Dfll&Dllc aad Static. ( 4) 8taadarda aad Things to be MeaaurecL (6) Digitized by Goog le FIRST CHAPTER GENERIC AND BPECIFIO IDEAS. Such aa represent the common, and well-nigh sal Ideas of action or condition being Geuerlc; and those that repre- sent special, particular and Individual Ideas of action or condftloa and of objects or subjects required In analysis tor distinction being 8peci8c. For example, there are but tour absolutey generic fdeae In all the universe, but these may have sub-generics, and the mb- generca may aga:n be sub-divided; but 8peci8ca wUl constitute In all languages the great bu!k of all that words or symbols can repre- sent. Hence we may conclude, that, If we learn a few hundred aab-generlca, we shall have Utt!e trouble with the apeclftca. Thfa we think wfll be made perfectly clear In the study of verba, of which we arranged many under mb-generlca. (7) Digitized by Goog le Oapere. Acclpere. Oonclp61'e, Beclpere, Snsclpere, Perdpere, Habere, Aclb.lbere. Ooblbere, LA TIN SYNONYMS (1) L Generic aad Specfftc Icleaa. take .......... the general tenn for 'take' In any wa7. " .......... a speclfte term for 'take to one's self. " . . . . . . . . . . " " 'take together' aa parts of a whole or aa persons perform- .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. .. .. .. ...... .. . ......... (Z) the one act. " " 'take to one stele, " .. cheat, deceive. 'take oat aa from the original who:e, 'e:r.cept,' etc., etc. 'take back,' receive, recover, return, re- tain, etc., etc 'take apt' carry, sup- port, endure, etc. take through or thOI'OaghlJ't' per- ceive, etc. have .... . .... . the general term for 'have in any way. " . ......... a apecUlc term tor 'baYe to, applf to, .. .. " (8) bring to, join to, add to, Invite to, etc. " 'have together,' con- fine, control, re- strain, contain, bold, etc. " ff 'have In,' hold ln, re- strain, check, row backward, etc. Digitized by Coogle LATIN Perbibere, have .......... ; Praehlbere, .. Prphibere, .. (3) Dare, give .......... the SYNONYMS. g. 'have complete.y,' propose, say, con- sider, etc., etc. 'hav ' before one,' as a he'p, offer, pre- sent, furnish, af- ford, etc. 'have bPfore one,' as a h:ndrance, check, restrain, etc., etc. general tlerm for 'give in any way whatever. Abdere, .. .......... a for 'give away,' put away, withdraw, re- move, retire, etc. Add ere, .. .. 'give to,' add to, In- 0. 0 crease, etc. Circum dare, .. gve &J'Onnd,' sur- 0 0.
round, etc . Oonclere, .. .. 'give together,' put 0 0 gether, form, com- pose, co!lect, etc. Dedere, .. 0 'give up,' surrender, devote cine's self, etc.
.. 'give out,' as from .......... the orlg'nal,.. report, publish, etc., e:c. IDclere, " .. 'give Ill,' 0 put in, etc. Perdere, .. .. .. 'give completely,' de- 0. 0 stroy, waste, etc. Ploodere, " .. .. .. 'give forth,' pub- 0 Ush, reveal, etc .
Digitized by Goog le 10 Reddere. Sabdere, Doaare, Tradere, Trlbaere, Largtrl, LATIN SYNONYMS. gtve ..... . ... . .. .. .. ._._ baek. return, reflect, retembie, ~ peat, etc., etc. .-ve aader,' aub- ject, aubdue, etc. give .. ....... . . . the special term for making a preaenL " . . . . . . . . . . . . " " " handing over to .. .. (4) another what we have. paying what ia due. making gifts to friends. VeUe, wlsh . .. . . . .... . ... a general ~ ... for wishing anything at all, a yielding of the mlnd or heart to any outgoing impulse after any desirable object that may present itself. Avere, wish ..... . ....... . .. but stronger than vt>lle, and giving us our word avarice, wanting the world.' never satisfied with any one tblng .
Oopere;' wish ... . .... . . . .. a specl1lc tenu for 'wishing aome one Optare, wish . .. . . .... .. . . thlng eagerly.' From Cupere we get Cupid and Cupidity, both strong terms. for 'wish the beat, choose elect, etc .
Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. .11 De8Jderare, wish ......... . Bxoptare. wtah .......... . ()oncoplacere, wish ....... . (6) .. tor 'wlsb what one baa had and lost. for 'wish eagerly the best,' an Jntenslfled ope tare, aa though one'e long-time flrat choice. tor 'wishing eagerly and Intensely one thing,' the eon being the strongest lntenslflca.- Uon. Abesse, want ...... . ..... a general term, 'away from,' as depart- ure from some orlglnal position. Egere, want. . . . . . . . . . . . . " denoting real need, lndlgere Vacare, D e f t ~ .. sometimes equal to ca. rere, sometimes equal dPclde-rare. 'strong need,' absolute want, from Indo = In and egere. " .... . ........ a special term, 'lacking,' having capac-
.. .. " " Ity for, but that capac- Ity unft!led. 'free from' not desired. aomthlng 'away from,'. as from something which has continued Its departure or absence lndeft nltelr 'to fall,' as a resource that has lasted for a time, but no part of which Is now on hand. Digitized by Coogle LATIN SYNONYMS. (6) Ire, go . . .. A 81lb-genaa for actloa, but the moat general term for go. Abire, " .. ........... to go away from any place, as one of many such departures. Adlre. " ................ to go to a p ace, to approach. Alltelre, go ............ to go before In t:me or to excel In ac- tion, but In general simply to pre- cede. Clrcamlre, .go ..... . ...... to go round, as In a circle, or figura- Colre, Delre, Exlre, Interlre, Oblre, Plerlre, tively to cheat or to express by cir- cumlocution, or even to aollclt voea. ....... to go together, to unite, to combine, to c u r d ~ e . to freeze, or even to marry. " . . .... . . to go out, as a part from the whole. " .... .. ... . . to go I)Ut, as a complete organism, or as one of many Important factors, the Ex belonging to those things only that Indicate Importance or completeneaa. " .......... to go In, to enter, to begin, to com- mence, to undertake. " .......... to pertah, to be lost among others, to be destroyed, to die, etc., etc. " .. ...... .. to come up against, to oppose, to die, and figuratively to discharge one's ball. " ... . ..... . .. to go through, pan away, perish, die, etc., etc., the per always denoting the whole diameter of a circle or sphere. Praeterlre, " ............ to go by, pass by, omit, not mention, to outstrip In a race. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 13 Proclble, go .. . .... . .. to go forth, go forward, advance, ap- pear as a character ln a play. Redire, " . to go back, come back, return, come back to one's senses, etc., etc. Subfre, " ..... . . to come under, pass under, dive un- der, take upon one'& self a burden, even to happen to a person, etc. Tnmslre, " . ..... .... to go over, but always as a whole thing from one position to another. (1) Venire, come .. .. . . .. . . .. a sub-genus for action, but the most general term for come. Advenire, come . . .... . . .. to come to, to happen, to come near, etc. Antevenfre, " ... ....... to come before, to get the start, to an- tic! pate, etc. come . . . .. .. to come round, surround, beset, op- press, even to cheat. Convenlre, " . . . ... . to come together, unite, agree upon, Devenlre, .. Evenlre .. Invenlre, .. Interveolre, .. Obvenlre, .. suit, be convenient, be on good terms, etc. . .... .. to come to, arrive at, reach, as from some other position already reached . . . . . . . . to come out, happen, befa 1, occur, but always as a whole or something of great Importance . . . . . . . . to come upon, to ftnd or ftnd out, to learn, but not as by searching. Rep- tel'ire ls used in the sense of finding by search . . . . . . . . to come between, Intervene, Interrupt happen whre something else Is being done. ' .. ... .. to come In the way of, to meet, to hap- pen, fall to the lot of, etc., etc. Digitized by Goog le Penentre, PraeveDll'e, Provelllre, BabYelllre, Buperventre, LATIN SYNONYMS. come .... .. . to come to, reach, attain to, etc., etc. (8) " . .. .... to come before, anticipate, get the start .. .. .. .. of, etc . . . . . . . . to come forth or forward, appear upon stage, shoot forth as a plant, grow, even to succeed or prosper . . . . . . . . to come back, return domum or In urbem . . . . . . . . to come up to aid, to help, auccour, to remedy or relieve, but always close . . . . . . . to come over, to arrive, to coma upon unexpectedly . . . . . . . trans representing the side oppolllte that on which you stand, trans-vf'n're wou"d be an Impossible Idea. Trans- Ire fa all right, because the person can go from your s!de to the opposite. but he cannot "come" from your side to the side opposite you; that Is 'go.' 'Come' always means toward self. Al1 language must be supposed to have been developed as from the stand- point of the ftrst person. Noecere, know ....... ... a sob-genus of comprehension, but the general term for 'know. Novisse (pf.nOIIcere) 'know'. used as a present, perhaps because the original Idea was to get possession, to grasp, and hence, 'I have grasped' (mentally), was 'to know.' Didlcflll&, know .......... as 'to have learned.' hl'lng the result or effect of the causative 'tea('h.' Tenere, know . .. .... . . . .. as 'to hold or possess.' being the equiv- alent of novisse, In that It Is a present possession. Digitized by Coogle LATIN SYNONYMS. IDteWgere, know ..... . ... but this Ia by comparlaon of two or more things brought before the mind. In other words, we have noted the difference. Oogaoecere, know . . ... . .. a strengthened form of noacere, and so meaning thoroughly considered. Aeclpere, know ... . ... . .. In the sense of 'receive. I have It by Its having been given to me from others; I did not get it by investiga- tion. Oomperlre, know .. .. . . ... as having been found out by thorough search. Scire, know . .. .. ........ a shortened {?) form of n0<1Ce1'e, the change to a fourth conjugation being made for the sake of euphony. This verb is general'y used for 'knowing by experience,' and so Ia opposed to oplnor and arbltror. Cogltare, Oplnarl. Pntare, Arbltrarl, ee.isere, Ctoedere. ladleare, {9) think .... ... . . . as to be conscious of one's Ideas. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . .... . as to suppose from some view taken of an object that Ia brought to our at- tention . . . . . . . . . . as counting over or estimating values, to reckon, to weigh, and h ~ n c e often to believe . . . . . . . . . . . to express an opinion as a wltneaa, even to hear or perceive. .......... to express an opinion as a senator, to appraise as an assessor, even to vote . . . . . . . . . . . to trust because of a well-grounded opinion -the half-way to know! edge. . . . .. . ... . to judge after examination has been made. , Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. Sen tire, Statuere, th:nk . .. . ..... as to depend on the senses. " ...... .. .. by coming to a fixed determination. (10) s nere, Patt allow . .. . . .. as a matter of the will, I am wllling. " .. ... ....... as a matter of weakness, I cannot Concedere, PermittC'Te, help tt. ar ow .. .... as a yielding to some request. " . . .. .. ... as giving permission for something to be done. (11) Specere, perceive . . ..... as simply to look at, behold, or see . Aspicere, .. Clrcumsplcere, Conspicere, Despicere, Inspicere, Introspicere, Plersplcere, Prosplcere, Respicere, . . . . . . . to look at something, to face It, even to withstand or confront, to Investigate, to perceive. perceive . .. . to look round, to consider carefuly. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . to look at close:y or to view as many persons at one time . . . . . . to look down upon, desp:se, but often s i m p ~ y to look down from a higher position . . . . . . . to look Into, examine, contemplate, In- spect, even to become acqualntel with . . . . . . to look Into closely,-(1) to be wlthl!l. and then ( 2) to look . . . . . . to look through and through, to exam- Ine thoroughly. . . .. . to look forward, to foresee, even to provide for or procure . . . . . . to look back, to reflect, observe, as by going over the same ground a second or third time. Digitized by Goog le Suapleere, Transpleere, LATIN SYNONYMS. 17 .perceive ..... to look backward, as by viewing at a .. .. {12) distance things :l:ready once passed . . . . the opposite of desptct'J'e, and hence to look up to, honor, but often to merely look up from a lower position . . . . . to look at something on the other side . Sen tire, Assentire, perceive ........ but by the sensee. Consentlre Penentlre, Praeaentlre, Subsentlre, Perclpere, Audlre, Notare, " ........ (1) to perceive and then (2) to ac- .. .. .. .. .. .. .. knowledge the fact, ancl hence to assent . . . . . . {1) to perceive and then (2) all to come to the same conclusion, and hence to agree . . . . . . . . . to perceive distinctly or to feel deeply . ....... . to have a presentiment or premonition . . .. to notice or perceive secretly. ........ to seize upon mentally, and hence to learn . . ..... through the sense of hearing alone. . ...... as by marking and then observing the marks or slgn1. Animadvertere, perceive .... as by turning the whole Inner man upon and about any person or thing. Cognoscere, perceive ...... as by becoming thoroughly acquainted Obeervare, .. lntelligere, .. (13) with all the features .as by keeping the person or facts al- ways before one's self . . . . . . . . as by making comparisons of conduct today with that of yesterday or to- morrow. Vtdere, perceive .......... by separaUng one thing from all othen. Digitized by Coogle LATIM SYNONYMS. Oil'CUIIlYicJel'e (!) peree.l.,e .. aa lmposalble coaeept, for the almple reason that vtdere sees only the one thtag separate from others. Evidere (?) perceive ...... aa lmpoulble concept, because E means InYiclere, Praevidere Prevldere, Supervidere, (U) .. .. " .. .. " 'out from within,' and 'to see out from within' would not be separation of one thing from all others . . . . . . . to look upon some one thing steadily, and hence as envious . . . . . . . to look through and through, and hence to distinguish . . . . . . . to see. as It were, something Immedi- ately before us, to foresee . . . . . . . to see forward, and hence to provide for the one thing needed . . . . . . . to see again some one thing or several considered as one . . . . . . . to supervise some . one thing ae distinct from a'l others, or some several thlap considered as one. Cernere, perceive ........ by ftrst collecting and then distributing .. Dl8cel'llere, .. .. locernere, " and then selecting. See Vldere above. Vldere first of all, separates the one thlag from all others . . . . . . . . . Is a secondary Idea, and hence deelsloo follows selection . . . . . . . . . makes a decision or difference between any two or more of the things clase- tfted . . . . . . . . . sorts out the one class from the other, each having its own characteristics . . . . . . . . . sift upon, but always with the notion of collection first. Digitized by Coogle LATIN SYNONYMS. 19 8eceloael'e, perceive ........ to put asunder things that are in a col- Apertre, Adaperire, Patere, mare, I Patefadel'e, Patl'ftcere, Resei'U'e, Pertorare, Recludere, Paadere, Del cere, Ezpaadere, Parpre, Evolvere, Inaugurare, Revolvere,
Reslgn..-e,
Solvere, lected state. (16) open ........ r . to expose to view, to open up what has " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " " .. .. " .. " .. .. " been concealed, but not what has been shut. Rlecludere Is to open what has been shut. .......... to open fully doors or gates. .......... to open up by spreading out very thinly anything that has been fo1ded up. . ....... to open as by gaping, to open the mouth In astonishment, to long for. . ....... to make open or wide-spread. . ....... to lie open or cause to open wide. . ....... to unclose a door, even to tear open . ....... to open by piercing through, to perfo- rate. . ....... to open as gates that have been closed. . ....... to open by spreading out, but not thinly. ........ to open by felllng the trees. ........ to open by explaining as in giving the parts one by one . . . . . . . . . to open by purifying, cleansing, etc. . ....... by unrolllng what has been involved. . ....... by getting the auspices beforehand. ........ by ro:Ung backward what had been ro 'led forward . . . . . . . . . by consecrating for use a temple hith- erto closed . . . . . . . . by unsealing letters or wllls. . ....... by dedicating a temple hitherto un- finished . . . . . . . . . by loosening what has been bound. Digitized by Coogle 20 LATIN SYNONYMS. Discedere, open .... caelum dlscedit, as the departure o1 cloud& Dehlscere, " " ........ by the making of an Incision . . . . . . . . . by the of the earth. ....... by bursting into a place. ........ by wounds opening afresh. lncidere, " Recrod naaere, " Porrtgere, Explall&l'e, Secare, Detegere, Rt>tegere, ExpUcare, lnterpretari, " ........ by stretching out the hands wide open. " . . ..... by spreading out as in or on a plain. " .... ... by In pieces. " ........ by taking off the roof. " ........ by opening up the roof. .. . by unfolding what has been folded. " ... ... .. by making dlstlncttons between 'sub- jects hitherto confused. (16) Olaudere, shut .......... a sub-genus of "comprehension," the general term for "close, shut ln." CJiocumcludere, shut ..... . to shut in on all sides, circum allowing Concludere, .. Excludere, .. lnclodere, .. lutercludere, .. more space than con . . . . . . to shut in closel7 on all sides, con rep- resenting close grasp. ...... to shut out, but ex as heretofore mean- ing not to shut out a little piece of something, but to shut out some en- tire organism. Is there an abclodere? ...... to shut In, but usually not a piece of anything, but some entire organism, in being employed as the opposite of ex . . . . . . those who cll'C11Dlc:ude hold those who are intercluded, inter llke circum al- lowing space for the things Inter- eluded. Digitized by Goog le Occludere, Praecladea1e, Recladere, Secladere. LATIN SYNONYMS. Zl shut ... . .. to shut up, as a house. or to shut In what .. .. .. needs to be guarded . . . . . . to close In front, but always wl:h the thought of what Is near at hand. The word Is used for shutting a person'g mouth. ... ... to shut back, and so to open whllt has been not what seems to havo been originally encased or encrusted. . . ... . to shut otf to Itself, as a person or thing put in some other position or condi- tion wtthout or on the outside of others. Hence the word Is often used In the sense of 'banish.' 'To ban- Ish cares' Is caras secladere. (17) Dncere, lead .. .... . . ... . a sub-genus for 'action,' but a general Abdacere, lead Addacere, " Clrcamdacere, Condacere, Dedacere, term for 'lead,' 'draw,' 'drag,' the actor or doer going before. . ......... to lead away from any place, cond:tlon or relation, a man from the forum, a save from his master, a personfrom his allegiance, etc., etc. . . . ... .. . . just the opposite of abt'lacere. lead . . .. . . . to lead round, but not close to the things mentioned. " .. . . . . . to lead together, and so necessarily Into .. connection. Con and In holcf about the same relation to each other as Circum and Inter . . . . . . . to lead away, as denoting that, of what has been In some original or home position, there Is a departure to an- other position. Digitized by Goog le Jl Indacere, Introdacere, Obdacere, Perdu cere, Praeducere, Pl'odacere, Sed a cere, Sabdacere, LATIN SYNONYMS. lead .. . ... to lead out, and always as we have said, some completed organism or some entire body from one place to another . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . for 'putting on clothes: but carrying, as before said, the concept of into close connection . . . . . . . . to Introduce, the concept being that of bringing from the outside to the In- side, but not neceuarlly Into close relations . . . . . . . . to draw over or in front, as a cover; to wrlnke the brow, and even to spend time . . . . . . . . to lead or bring to any place or condi- tion, the per carrying the meaning of all the way through, as the full diameter of c!rcle or sphere . . . . . . . . to lead forward, . but differing from pro. dacere in that prae is more immedi- ately In front than pro . . . . . . . to lead forward, but In the sense of go- Ing on into more distant time or space. Pro may be in the next cen- tury . . . . . . . . to lead back, as In returning troops to quarers once occupied, or to bring back to memory what once we had learned . . . . . . . . to lead to themselves, to exclude from the view of others . . . . . . . . to lead away secretly, and yet often used of hills sloping gradually down- ward. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. Transducere, lead ........ . to lead over or across, as from our Adsequi, Coneequi, Exsequi, lnsequi, Obsequi, Pereequi, Prosequi, Resequi, (18) side of bridge or river or other sep.. aratlng line. 'follow' .......... a sub-genus of ''e:lteDsloo," the general .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " .. term for 'follow. .. . . ... . .. to follow, but properly to follow up to that which precedes. . ... .... to follow as a consequence, either In '.l compact body or lntent:y, fully, com- pletely. ....... .. . to follow out, as something from within to the outside, and so quisque spem exsequitur, or a person fo!lows a corpse, etc .
. . . . . . . . . . to follow Into and In close contact with the object pursued. Hence, to pursue an enemy. .. . ... ... . almost an Impossible concept, but a dog often jumps up almost to the face Of his master, when the dog Is glad to go with the master. Here te compliance, ollsequlousness . . . . . . . . . . . to pursue, and, as per Implies, 'all the way through.' Hence, to penecut6. ... ... ... . to follow forward, but In the sense of accompanying. In a hostlle senee, attack or pursue. . . .. . ... .. to fo"low what has gone before, and ee to answer some one by words . . . . . . . . . . . to follow c!ose behind, and so often 'to eompJy with,' 'to Imitate.' Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. (19) 'stand' .......... the generic Idea of "Umltation," ani .. Adstare, .. Antestare, .. the moat common word In LaUn for location . . . . . . . . . . to stand at a distance, reckoning from any certain point, as though having goae from that point. - . .. . ..... to stand near, as one having come near . . . . . . . . . . . to s+and before, to surpass, as simply be-Ing before, not as having gone there. ' Ofrcnm.stare, 'stand' ...... to stand round but not near by, clrcnm Oonstue,
Dlstare, Eutare, Inatare, Obstare, Perstare, Praestare, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. allowing much space. . ..... to stand close together, hence 'to con- sist of,' to stand ftrm, to be resolved, even to cost,' as we say In English . . . .... to be apart, as towers 80 feet each other, inter and dis al:owing large space . .. . ... to stand out, as something entire or representing an entirety, not as a piece of some whole thing . ..... to stand in or on, and hence often to fol- low c'ose!y, to pursue . . ..... to stand in oppoaltlon, and hence to hinder, ...... to stand all the way through, to be ftrm, to persist, persevere . . . . . . . to stand before, excel, as occupy!ng a position, even as having an opln'on and giving that in consequence of pre-eminence. Digitized by Coogle Pros tare, Subs tare, Superstare, LATIN SYNONYMS. 25 'stand' .... . . to stand forward, as one who puts him- (20) self In that position. " . .. to stand back, In this case as never hav- ing been advanced, and hence our 'rest' as what remains or has not been used. " . .. . . to stand ftrm, as a foundation still close beneath Its burden. " . . .. . to stand over or upon, as occupying a pos' tlon abOve that of sub. Soper Is a comparative of sub, just as In Greek Buper Is the comparative of Bupo. Sedere, 'sit' ............. a sub-genus of "limitation," the general term for 'sit' and closely related to 'stand' and 'set.' A.ssidere, 'sit' . ..... .. ... . to sit near, and hence often used for , giving comfort, advice, etc. Clrcumsidere, 'sit' ..... . l d b 1 ..,. ___ ....,. , It' c to sit roun , es ege, etc . ..., ... " ...... ~ e r e , s ... . . . J Considere, 'sit' .... . ...... to sit down together, In an assembly or court, but stones or Umber fall to the ground, settle, sink, and waves sub- Desldere, Dissidere, Insidere, Obstdere, aide. " . . . ... . .. . to sit away, hence to s' nk down, settle, even as mora!s, to deteriorate. '' ... . .. . .. . to sit apart, hence, to be distant or even hostl'e. Of clothing, not to ftt. " . . . . . . . . . . to sit upon, even to Inhabit, or as birds or bees to settle, perch, or as seed to take root, etc., etc. " . ... .... .. to sit down or remain anywhere, t'l blockade, besiege, Invest, beset a place, etc., etc. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. Penedele, 'ait' .......... to set'le down, to remain attttnc all the way through. Pnlesldere, " .......... to sit before and hence to act as prett- ldent, to be pre-eminent, govern, manage, etc., etc. Besidere, " .......... to remain sitting, to abide, stay, and even to depend upon. Subsldere, " .......... to sit down, to crouch, lie In walt, and as waves to subside. Supersedere, " .......... to aft above, remain above, and ftgu- (21) ratlvely to be above doing anything, omit, leave off, etc. Vertere, ' turn' .......... the general term for turu in an7 direr tlon. Advertere, " ......... to turn to some one thing . Antevertere, " Avertere, .. Clrcumvertere, Convertere, Controvertere, Revertere, Divert ere, Evert ere, . . . . . . . . . . to turn to one thing In preference to others . . . . . . . . . . . to turn away from one or many thlnge. 'turn' ...... to turn or twist round, even to defraud. " ....... to turn completely round, either from one direction to the opposite or from one point In the circle or sphere to any other. " ...... to turn a broadside as by complete refutation. " ...... to turn aside from the way, as In going .. .. to an Inn, or to have recourse to, or to d'greaa from one thought to an- other. ...... to turn away, diverge from, differ . . ..... to overturn, throw doWD, raze to the foundations, even to turn up the waters by the winds. Digitized by Coogle Interver'tere, lntrovertere (!) Obvertere, Pervertere, Praevertere, Revertere, Subvertere, Transvertere, LATIN SYNONYMS. Z7 turn ...... to turn over, turn upside down, trana- poae, alter, pervert, etc., etc. " ...... to embetz!e, to turn what belonged to " .. .. " " " .. one over to another, to defraud, nen to spend or lavish one's own. . ..... to turn wrong side out. ...... to turn towards or against, to oppose . . . ... . to turn thoroughly, turn upside down. . . .... to undertake before or In preference, to cause to turn, preoccupy . . . . . . . to. turn back, revert to previous state- ments or a former discourse, as well as come back. to persons or plaeee. ...... to overthrow, ruin, destroy, by putting what was at the bottom on top. . ..... to turn across, as by making a verti- cal to become horizontal, and vice versa. (22) Cedere, 'go' .............. 'proceed,' or 'retire,' as the general term ror 7felding to an overpowering Influence. Accedere, 'go' ............ to approach, even to be added as In- crease. Alltecedere, 'go' .......... to go before In space or time, sometimes Concedere, to overtake. " ....... . .. to go away, depart, withdraw, to yield to, the Con being Intensive or repre- senting more than one actor. " .......... to go away, as by yielding to necessity or fate. Digitized by Goog le Z8 Dlscedere, Excedere, Iucedere, lute reed ere, Occedere, Procedere, Recedere, Secedere, Succedere. LATIN SYNONYMS. go ........ to go asunder, separate rnto two parts, even to come out of a contest victor or vanquished. " ...... . ... to go out, as a whole from that which has confined one's operations, hence often used of 'liigreBBion from a sub- ject. " . ......... to ~ o In, but as entering upon what may be a doubtful contest or a dtf!l.- cult enterprise. " .. o l'n hetween, but always with the Idea that it Is the less or the weaker be- fore the greater or the stronger. " .......... to meet, as by going Into the presence or even the sight of a person. " . ....... . . to go before, as a ranking omcer, and hence often carrying the concept of surpassing some other person. " .......... to go forwar!f, and orten as turDJng out well or prosperoUBIJ. " . . . . . . . . . . to recede, as giving way to powers with wh!ch we can no longer contend. " ........ to withdraw, as a part to itself. " .. ...... . . to follow, as coming up close behind, and always with the thought of in- feriority, at least ror the time being, to the forces with which we meet or may meet on the way. 8upercedere (!) 'go' ...... to go to the higher position, but with the Idea of having occup!ed tbe lower. (23) Grad!, 'atep' ............ . as the general term for "Walk' or go by the upward and rorward move- ment. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 29 Aggredi, 'step' .......... to go to or approach, either to address a person or to make an attack, often simp y to begin an undertaking. Alltegredl, " ... to go on before, either In time or place. Circumgredl, 'step' ..... . .. to go round, especially with hostne
Degredl, ntgredl, Egredi, " lngredl lntrogredi, " Praegredl, " " " Regredl, " Intent. . ....... to meet, not as in concedere, but aa equals, either as enemies or simply as disputants. ... . .... to step down, to descend from mountain to p aln, even to dismount from a horse. . . .. . ... to depart, as from the beaten track or even as the moon not keeping up with the sun. ... . .. . . to go out, as from any large space, but always with the Idea of a whole and not as a piece of any whole. . . .... .. to go In or Into, to enter upon a jour- ney, to commence a speech. ...... . . to enter, not as onto a line, but as within the boundaries of some en- closure. ........ to go before, as a superior, and ~ o to outstrip. Sometimes used for going beyond or marching past In the sense of praetergredl . . . . . . . . to go beyond, as In marching. ........ to go forward, to advance as an equal from one position to another . . . . . . . . . to go back, as an army In retreat, but rather as retracing Its steps, not as having been conquered. Digitized by Goog le 30 LATIN SYNONYMS. Ret.rogredl, 'step' .......... to move backwards lnstea.cl of forwards, Subpedl, .. Supergredl, .. Transgredi, .. (24) but not as those who are compelled thua to move. ........ to go to for attack, and hence to get c.ose, even though on lower ground. . ....... to pass above, that Is ,to take a posi- tion higher or better than that occu- pied by another. ........ to pass over, that is, to the other side or the other party. Mittere, 'send' ... . ........ the general term for transmitting from ourselves through others Information or property. Adm.ittere, 'send' .. .. . . ... to let go, to turn over, as It were, the reins to a horse, to gtve a person the privilege of an audience or even to share an undertaking. Circ1UDDlittere, 'send' ...... to send in a roundabout way or ln all Committere, .. Demittere, .. Dimlttere, ..
.. directions . . . . . . . to unite, as forces in a battle, to en- trust, as the neck to the barber . . . . . . . to Jet down, to lead on an army to a lower position, to san down a river, even tp let one's self down, to be come discouraged . . . . . . to send in different directions, to Jet things go through the fingers, to leave or abandon a siege, etc., etc . . . . . . . to send out, as soldiers from a fort or station, as sounds from the throat, as a debtor from his debt, etc., etc. Digitized by Coogle LATIN SYNONYMS. 31 Immittere, 'send' .... . . to send in, as vessels into ftght, as cav- lntermittere, lntromittere, Omittere, Pennittere, Praemittere, Praetennittere, Promittere, Remittere, Sobmittere, 'l'rAilSJnittere, (25) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. alry for attack, as darts agalut an enemy, etc., etc . . . . . . . to leave space between, to abandon for a time, to let time pass, etc., etc . . . . . . . to send in, as legiones in hostem ...... o let go, as though o in omittere wer_, an equal av equal ab, and meant 'away.' .. .... to let go, as horses against an enemy, to surrender as power to any one, to make allowance for, as for anger, etc . . . . . . . to send before, as dispatches or troops . .. .... to let pass, as neglecting time or oppor- tunity . . . . . . . to let go forward, and hence to promise . . . ... . to :et go back, and hence to loosen the reins, to give up, to abate . . . . . . . to let myself down, to send the eyes up from below (we say to took up), even to produce . . . . . . to let pass over, to lead from one point to another, to ieave unnoticed, to en- trust to another, etc., etc.
Emere, 'take' . ...... .. . .. but generally used for 'boy' or 'pur- cllaae.' Sumere, ' t a k ~ up' . . ..... . as to take to one's self any piece ot property that may be bought, bor- rowed or hired, and even to assume what may not be natural. Digitized by Goog le .. 32 LATIN SYNONYMS Asaumere, 'take up' ...... to take for one's assistance, as from an- Conanmere, Desumere, Insumere, .. Praesumcr.-, .. Resumere, .. (26) other source, to claim, as something belonging to one's self . . . . . . . . . to take up completely, and hence to use up, to waste, to destroy. to choose or select, as anything from a secondary source, even as enemies for one's self . . . . . . . . . to take for anything, as time or money for the of a purpose. . . . . . . . to take beforehand, as remedies or as food, to anticipate, to Imagine, take for granted, etc., etc . . . . . . . . . to take again, as tablets for writing; to renew, as a battle; to recover, as strength, etc., etc. Ponere, 'put, place' . . . . . . the general term for 'put or 'place' an7 where, but specifically down as on a level. Anteponere, 'put, place' .. to put before, as dinner for some one; to put before, as In front of others; to prefer, as friendship to all human things. Apponere, .. Circumponere, .. Componere, .. .. to put to, as to add years to life; to serve, as a dish for the table; to count as !fain, as to put on the debit side, etc. etc . . . to put round, as to encircle a grove or to put troops around a 'City . . . to put together, compose, settle, com- pare, dispose of things that . are scat- tered. Digitized by Coogle Deponere, Exponere, lmponere, Interponere, Opponere, Postpcmere, Praeponere, Prononere, Reponere, 6eponere, LATIN SYNONYMS. 33 'put, place' . . to put down, as the head on the earth; to lay, as a wager or as a prize; to lay aside, as an o11lce; to lay up, as money . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . to set forth, as In explanation; to land troops, as from a ship; to expose for sale, as wares or produce in the market . . . to put In, as some one in a sepulcher; to put on ship, as soldiers for another country; to impose upon, as to cheat, wrong, and defraud . . . to put between, as anything that may or should occupy intervening apace or time . . to put opposite, as men for their coun- try; to opp<JBe, as an argument, etc. .. the opposite of anteponere, and so to put behind what should be before . . . to put before, as a commander for the troops, the thought being that he is in close touch with the troops . . . to put forward, as that which may be seen, but not Implying nearness to the eyes, to report, as news, etc., etc. . . to put back, as to restore anything to i s place; to recrne, as at the tab:e on the left elbow; to cause to rest, as hope In virtue, etc., etc . . to put to Itself, and hence to separate from others for a purpose, as th& captured money for building a temple. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. suppc!lllme, ' put, place' .. to put under, as eggs under hens; to aow. aa the teeth of vipers; to forge. aa fa:se wllls. superponere, . . to put over, as an ornament to the head: Transponere, .. (27) to aet up, as In a station of authority . . . to tranaport, aa soldiers about to go into a foreign land. Ks&e, 'be' .. . . ... .... .. . u the general term for continued con- aclousnesa. The perfect tu1 Is closely connected with our verb 'be' and car- ries the concept of 'origin.' Abes&e, " .. ... ... .. ... to be away, as from any one of many positions. A.desae, " .. ... . . . . . ... to be preaent, aa at some certain place. Deesae. " ... .... .. .... to be w ~ n t l n g , as falling to be present for duty. 1neaee. " . . . . . ... . . ... . to be In or on, as a fault In our charac- ters. or as a blot on our escutcheon. Interesse " . . . . . . . . ... . .. to be between, aa of time or space; to be present and take part In, as at a feast; to be Interested, aa In noting differences. Obesse. " . .. . . ... .. . . .. to be In the way, aa pre1udlclal to; to hinder, as occupying the road to be passed over. Praeesse, " . . .. ... . . .. .. . to be at the head of, as a commander of troops. Caesar uses the word often In connection with his com- manders. Prodesse, ' be' .. . .. ... .. . . to be useful, as the opposite of obesse. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. Sube&ee, 'be' ............ to be behind or near at hand, aa the day Is near, just after the flrst light comes from the east; to be In quea. tlon, to exist, as when no suspicion of danger Is thought of. Supereue, " . ... . ....... to be over and above, as a remnant or (28) as a superfluity, and hence after a battle, Caesar said so many super- taeraut. .-\gere, 'do' .. .. . .... ...... the most general term for 'action to be found In the Latin, the same root ag being found also In Greek. Ahtgere, 'do' . . . ..... ... . to drive away, as birds or beasts; to banish or get rid or, as to remove whatever Is troublesome or In one's way . . -\dJgere, " . . ..... . . . . . to drive to, as catt'e from other places to our place; to summon a.man to court, to swear him In, etc., etc . .'\mblgere, " . .. . ...... . . to go about or around, and hence to- dtapute or contend at law or other- wise, even to doubt, hesitate, or be uncertain. Cii'C1Uilagere, 'do' .. .. . . .. to drive or turn round in a circle, as persons or animals. The master who freed his slave took the slave by the rtsht hand and turned him round. Degere, " . .... .. . to pass time, as In spending some detl- nlte remlntng time of life. F.:dr;ere. " .... . .. to drive out, aa persons or animals from some place, to complete or tlnish, as a monument; to demand, as money. Digitized by Goog le .. - 36 LA TIN SYNONYMS. Peragere, 'do' ........ to pierce through, and hence to com- plete. Praeteragere, " ........ to drive past, as a horse beyond any designated spot. Redigere, " ........ to drive back, as the cavalry of the enemy; to bring back, as something to one's memory. Retroagere, " ........ to drive back, as men or animals from their wanderings. Sublgere, " ........ to drive under, as swine under the shade; to compel one to act against his will, as men to surrender. Transigere, " ........ to drive through, as by stabbing with (29) a sword; to finish, as a business in hand; to put an end to a dispute, etc. Facere, 'make' ... . ...... sub-generic to agere, to do some definite work, as to make a t a b ~ e or book, etc. Aftlcere, .. . ........... sub-specffl.c to abigere, and so to affect or influence either body or mind. Benefacere, '!Jlake' ........ to do well, as one who undertakes to Conftcere, .. Deft cere, .. Eftlcere, .. Inftcere, do nothing otherwise . . . . . . . . . to complete some definite action, and hence to destroy . . . . . . . . . to rebel or revolt, as from a king; to fall, as acting away from our proper sphere; to be discouraged, and hence. to abandon . . . . . . . . to effect or produce, as some complete outgoing of our efforts . . . . . . . . . to Infect, as to operate upon the hidden springs of life, and hence to polson. Digitized by Coogle LATIN SYNONYMS. 37 Interftcere, "make' ........ to kill, as by making openings In the Malefacere, om cere, Perftcere, Praeflcere, PrOflcere, Proflclsci, Reftcere, sum cere, .. .. .. .. .. (30) body, as lt were space between vital organs or parts of the body . . . . . . . . . the oppos'te of benefacere, and hence to do Ill In any possible way . . . . . . . . . to be In the way of, as grasses or weeds In the way of growing vegetab es, as a man In the way of hls neighbor . . . . . . . . . to finish, as by making what was out- lined a complete work. ........ to put In charge, as a commander who shall be In close touch with those whom he leads . . . . . . . . . to make forward, as by making proofs of efticlency or of being advantageous . . . . . . . . . to go forward, as In setting out on ii journey, and even of proceeding from a place as a source. . . ...... to remake, restore, refit, reform, re- build, etc., as doing over what has been undone. ... . .. . . to provide or supply, as by bringing up what has been lost and so replacing as it were from the !ower ranks or levels what has gone from the higher. Ferre, 'carry' ....... . ..... the most general term for 'transfer,' find found In more forms In a I the Aryan tongues than any o ~ h e r word. Adterre, 'carry' .... . ... . . to bring to a person or place, as an addl'lon to what one has as news, as a favor or as an Injury. o; 9 ,tized by Goog le ... 38 LATIN SYNONYMS. ADteferre, 'carry' ......... to put In front what baa never been AW!erre, .. behind . . . . . . . . . . . to carry away, and hence to steal, even to draw a person away from bla pur- pose. Clrcamferre, 'carry' . .. ... to carry round, as the eyes In all direc- tions, to spread reports, etc., etc. Conterre, " ...... to bring together, either for good or Deferre, Etrerre, Gerere, tnterre, lntroferre, Obferre, Perferre, Postfei'J'e, Praefei'I'E', .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. bad purposes, to contribute money, to unite strength, or to flght band to hand . . . . . . . to bear away or down, as anything from one place to another . . . . . . . to bring out, to publish, remove, any complete thing from Its surrounJlngs . . . . . . . to carry on, not as terre, 'to transfer,' but to carry continually as a knife In the pocket . . . . . . . to bring In or upon, as force against an enemy or as favor to friends. ...... to bring within, as food from without for the household. . . . .. . to offer, as to bring one's se!f or other help to friends or against enemies, by putting one's self Immediately In front . . . . . . . to carry through as by completing the whole diameter of a circle or sphere, even to suffer to the end . . . . . . . the opposite of antefCJ'I'(':, hence, In- stead of preference, there Is little value placed on tho thlng mentioned . . . . . . . to carry In front, as a torch and always close to one's s e ~ f. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 39 Profene, ' carry' . ... . . to carry forth or forward, ancl hence to bring to light or reveal. PraeterfeJTe, .. . . . to carry past t h ~ goal or some desig- nated point. Referre, " . . . . .. to carry back, and so to report, even to restore to a former condition. Subferre, " ...... to carry, as a person being underneath, and hence to endure as suffering. Superfetft. " .. .. . . to carry over or beyond, as by going Trausferre, .. over a mountain with the burden on the shoulders . . . . . . . to carry over, but not above, only to the other side. Digitized by Goog le SECOND CHAPTER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IDEAS. Such as represent ftrst thoughts on any subject, as One .In counting, as I ln pronouns, as of and up ln Prepositions, as am and Is ln verbs, etc., etc. being Plimary; and those that represent nec- essarily secondary thoughts, as Two ln count111g, as Thou ln pro- nouns, as Down and Through ln prepositions, as See and Seek ln verbs, etc., etc., being SecondarJ. We have m e r e ~ y Introduced the subject ln a few pages, so as to open the way for further Investigations, and wlll often refer to these pages in the body of the work, so that the student may become well grounded in the princip:es and may carry the analysis into other languages, tt he so elflcts. t .tO) Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 41 n. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IDEAS. Agere, 'set In motion is primary as shown by l :a definition, and represents the most general term for action of any kind. Deglere, 'pass onward,' Is secondary as shown by Its deftnWon and represents the specific action of passing over that part of a road yet untraveled. The forowlng Prepositions exhibit very clearly the character- Istics of Primar:es: Ad, 'to,' with gerundives Indicates the purpose of the undertaking and this In genera' :a extended 'nto 'to place' to be rearhed as a matter of anticipation or as a fact remembered The Ad idea :a always primary with reference to the De idea. Hence De Is secondary. Ab, 'from,' as from border or boundary, and Indicating the outcome of only part of any Inner power or For ex- ample, a sole means the heat and l ight coming little by IHtle; a Caesare Is the use of only part of Caesar's energy. Ante, 'before, primary and representing the position occupied or to be occupied before any other position that may be conceived. AdYersus, 'toward,' 'against,' as meet' ng any person or thing on our line of movement. Contra represents opposition In every dlrec .fon,-a "broadside." Adversum; 'toward,' 'aganst,' as the neuter form of adversus, rep- the general and not the specific opposition. Apnd, 'at,' 'near,' Indicates the fitness of the presence. The person who Is apud me or apud popolum Is for the time being where be shou:d be. He Is a guest of honor and feels welcome. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. Ob, 'against. on account of.' tndlcat.es the fac'ng of an object which ts near at hand. Used wt:h general and not special objects, as for examples, ob rem, but not ob spem. We say proptt'r splem, and quam ob rem, because ob, except sometimes In poetry, goes with general and not with specific Ideas. Propter spem Is 'on account of' hope yet to be realized, while Ob goes back to an affair or cause already known and est!mated. E or ex, 'from,' but 'out from within.' particularly a.S largely of what Is within, as exhibiting all the essential qua lUes or characteristics of the w' thtn. ID, 'In, Into,' always represents a posl:lon hken or to be taken as only part of tbe space referred to. In ho:ds about the same relation to con that toter holds to clrcnm. ID and Con allow less space than fnter and cfrcnm. Inter, 'between.' being a posteon as reated to the one object as to the other, and hence often expressing the of rec:proctty. Inter annos means during the years ,but In the sense of as much with one as with the other. Inter and circum allow large space. Erga, 'towards.' as In a first movement of one's feel!ngs, good or bad, out toward a person or thing, used with reference to favorable outgoings, occasional y for feel- Ings of hate; but as a general term, It Is capab:e of use In either a good or bad sense. The following Prepositions exhibit just as clearly the charac- teristics of Secondaries: De, 'of, from,' but always after some position bas been reached, and hence secondary showing usually a ehange of direction from the original l!ne. For example, water taken out from wl'h'n a resenolr Is Ex from the reser- voir, while just flowing from the side of the reservoir It Is Ab from the r-eservoir; but, after running some distance In the main pipe when It turn!! oft ln'o another pipe up or down, to right or left, It goes on by De. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 43 Secund1im, 'after,' as following, coming next, but behind. Derived from Sequens, and hence secondary and never pr:mary. Its neuter form makes It generic and not specific. Subter, 'under,' but not 'near' as would be represented by sub. Sub touches that which It Is under, but subter may be an Inch or a mile be ow that which Is mentioned. The ter is a comparative termination and hence shows a greater distance below than Is Indicated by sub, the positive form Sub and then super, go:ng upward; sub and then subter, going downward. Trans, 'over,' 'across, representing a secondary with reference to this side which is primary. The thought Is that the thing or the person as a whole bas changed p:aces so that what was here Is now there the tbr of English being equal to trof the Lat!n and used as a secondary demonstrative element. Tl'BDs Is always opposite to the posf ion you occupy, and so trausvenire Is an lmpos- slb. e concept. See page 14. The following ConJWlcUons also show Primary Ideas as differ- Ing from Secondaries: Et, 'and,' a loose, slipshod connective, which can be used between any two objecis,-between elephant and spade, be- tween moun aln and buggy, because as a conjunction It gives only the thought of simple addition. The enclitics -que connects objects considered of the same value. Hence neither of the objects is secondary. Aut, 'or,' another loose connect!ve which may be used between any two objects, and therefore a primary 'or.' At, 'but,' a ~ w a y s primary and therdore bringing In a new thought or a new speaker. Sed Is a ~ w a y s secondary and there- fore Is an addition to or extension of othe same pe1 son'c; thought. Digitized by Coogle LATIN SYNONYMS. Ita, 'in this manner,' as a primary method and representing the first thought with reference to some action or condlt"on which Is extended Into or up to what the grammars call 'result' or 'purpose.' Ut, 'that,' is also primary and a modification of the form and use and purpose of Ad,-prlmary because the result was foreshadowed or foreseen in the ita,-primary because the purpose was formed before the action was un- dertaken. Sic, 'so,' is d'stinctly secondary, as Is shown In examples representing a secondary thought compared with the primary introduced by Ut. The Conjunctions exhibit just as clearly the charac- teristics of secondaries: Sl"" or Sen, 'or,' used to connect a and a secondary con- cept, the secondary of course following. Vel or Ve, 'or,' co:mect objects regarded as of the same value, and you can have your choice. Hence Is secon.iary, unless you depend on the position of the words. Sed, 'but,' seconduy, as giving some addition to a thought already partly expressed,-never USd to bring In an entlrey new thought. Neque or Nee, 'not,' l:ke all negatives, Is necessarily secondary, for a negat:ve, no mater whether conjunction or adverb, Is Impossible as an Idea before there has been an atllrmatlon. See "Philosophy of Expression." We have not Introduced the hundredth part of what could be brought under Primary and Secondal'f Ideas, but enough we hope to start the student In his thinking on the differences that can be readily discovered betwem words that are necessarily primary and others just as necessarily secondary. We wn frequently mention the subject of this section In be pages that follow, so that the thought we would Impress may become perfectly c!ear to every 11ludent. . .... Digitized by Goog le THIRD CHAPTER DYNAMIC AND STATIC IDEAS. Those being dynamic whch express thoughts of outcome, avall- ablllty, potency as from organ'sm or combination giving the capacity for and maintaining a static supply; and those being static, which, as having capacity from organism or combina- tion. possess the power latent, Inclusive, and ready for use when some call Is made-. For examples, what we call strength is static and inherent, and may or may not be used for purposes best for ourselves, and yet at least a part of the static stl'('ngtb will work out somewhere, somehow, even though by disease ; what we call force or power is dynamic and availlllble, and so shows itself in work or speech or song or p:ay. Digitized by Goog le 46 LATIN SYNONYMS. m. DYNAMIC AND STATIC IDEAS. Vis, 'force' .. ....... . . .... is distinctly dJDamic, for 1t always represents that whicb must phenome- nize or manifest Itself in word or deed or product. (See also Vita, vi-vo, so named from power.) Robur, 'strength' ..... . . . . . is distinctly Static, for It always repre- aen a that which Ia latent and back of vis. Po88e, 'ab!e' . .... .... .. . . dfDamic, for such power must be ' able.' proven by some manifestation. Th:a :a the ability to do an,1blug, and hence most generally carrying .two ideas, ( 1) That of Posse; ( 2) That of valere; and hence not on y mani- festing itself, but also accompllahlng a purpose. It Is pragmatic. va.ere, 'able' . . . ... . . ... .. dynamic, but generally used for ac- comp:lahlng some particular work. Quire, 'able' . .. . ... ... Stlaitic, for such strength is the inner, the Eng. 'Can,' the conscious, but not necessarlly the Ger., 'Konnen,' manifested in any word or deed or the A S., 'Cann,' produat. It is latent and only known the Sanae., 'Gna.' to the Individual that possesses it. the Greek, 'Gno.' When It is manifested, then It be- etc., etc., etc. comes known by the expression posse or poUere or va.Iere. Posse and Valere and I"OIIere and vs are known and recog- nized by the Objective mind, while Robur (Hrobur) and Quire are known only by the Subjective mind. The Sa.xon mind was always more subjective than ,that of the Roman. The Roman, Uving in a land where the summell'a were long andvegetatlon and outdoor llfe Digitized by Goog le LA TIN SYNONYMS. 47 were always claiming his attention, became more and more given up to the outer wor:d of nature and to the soc:al and artistic sldea of ex:.Stence, and hence, like the Greek, if he had gods, they too must come before hls objective mind In numerous Images. He have something to see or he cou d not worship, and today Images and pictures adorn the Cathed- ral walls everywhere In Italy. But the Saxon, shut In by fog and rain and snow, became more subjective In h:s thlnk:ng and hence abe to conceive of God and Good as absolute ell!ttt:es, whether he could see -either or not. We have s:mply introduced here the subject of DJDamic and Static Ideas, but In the pages that follow we wlll often refer to thl.a section, so that the student wlll get a clear Insight to the d:trerence that exists between these Important classifications of thought and speech. AdJective Terminals. The value of these terminals Is highly Important In dlstlngulsh- lng synonyms. material or origin. --aUs, to whatever the root or stem expresses. _,.,., pertaining to whatever the root or stem expresses. -anaa, belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses. -., belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses. --artaa, one of or belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses. --atills, one of or be:onglng to whatever the root or stem expressea. --ataa, ma er!al of whlch made. --ax, propensity by nature. --ber, bringing or bearing whatever the root or stem expresses. -bWs, posslbll:ty of anything ln the passive. --bundWJ. fu:l of whatever the root or stem expresses. -culWJ. the diminutive of whatever the root or stem expresaes. _,...Is, belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses. -tanaa, to whatever the root or stem expresses Digitized by Goog le 48 LATIN SYNONYMS. -cosus, fulness of whatever the root or stem expresses. --condos, fulness of whatever the root or stem expresses. --ellns, diminutive of whatever the root or stem expresses. --er, extension of whatever the root or stem expresses. --ens, material or slm:lar to whatever the root or stem expresses. -Ieins, material or origin. -fens, quaity of whatever the root or expresses. -idos, quaity of whatever the root or stem expresses. -ills, poss:blllty of anything In the passive sense. -llis, poss:blllty of anything In the passive sense. -lneus, pell';alnlng to whatever the root or stem expresses. -inns, belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses -ins, belonging to whatever the root or stem expresses. -lentua, full of what.ever the root or stem expresses. --otos, diminutive of whatever the root or stem expresses. -plea, fulness of whatever the root or stem expresses. -s, ex:enslon of whatever the root or stem expresses. -ster, of abode. -ulns, propensity :o whatever the root or stem expresses. -nos, fu:ness of whatever the root or stem expresses. -oosns, fulness of whatever the root or stem -us, comp.eteness or fulness of whatever root or expresses. (37) Adjectives. (366) l'lalus, 'bad' .......... .. as a direct opposite to bOnos. Malus Is the general term for anything bad. Adversus, " ...... ... ... ns turned against us and opposing us, but on a line rather than on aU sides. Digitized by Goog le LA TIN SYNONYMS. 49 Foedus, 'bad' as fouL Diftlcllfs, .. . .... as hard or diftlcult to get on with. IJacommodus, 'bad' .... ; . as Inconvenient, Iter lncommodus. Adulterius, " . as spurious, and so appllcable to money. AE'ger, " as sick, homo aE"ger. Pravus, " .. as naturally depraved, and hence mor- Turpis, Depravatus,
Carus, Dulcls, Facetus, FE'Btfvus, Gratus, Fecund us, Lepidus, Laetus, Saavfs, ally irresponsible " .... as base, and hence belontfng to Odie. " ........ as having rendered depraved by environment. " ....... indeclinable, and equal to e + aeqa1111, as a negative, born bad and never good. " ..... as a privative, born good, but tempora- rlly bad. " as rough to the touch. " ... as uttering bad language. " aa fu:l of malice. " as wishing evll. as born bad, of bad disposition. as an evll doer. 'pleasant' ... what is pleasant to see or hear. " ...... because delightful tO the eyes. " ...... because dear to ua. " ...... because attractive. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . because wttty . . because humorous . . because always active for us. because full of good eheer . because charming to us . because joyous . because odorous to the sense or smell or sweet to that of taste. Digitized by Goog le .r 50 LATIN SYNONYMS. Beatu, 'happy' .... . .. . . . opp. to mJBer, as of one who has been .. .. .. blessed . . . . . . . . . . . opp. to ma:us, as of one good in every particular. Bonus is the general term for anything good . . . . . . . . . . . as of business which has been favored by the omens . . . . . . . . . . as of one whose wishes are always ful- ftt:ed. Fortallatll8, " .. .. . .. .. . one who has been favored outwardly by ... Aptwt, .. Fortuna. .. .... . . . as of ~ l n g a according to one's hopes . . .. ... . .. . opp. to adve1'8118, following one' wishes or plans. .. . . .. . .. because seeming to ftt completely into plans. Accommodatu.s, happy' ..... because made for advantage. Gratus, ' happy' .. . ... ... .. because it is pleasing to the opposite parties. NoY118 'new' . .. . ... .. . . . what is now knowu, but was not known .. before . . . . . .. .. .. what is fresh or recently made or pro- duced. lnaudltas " ..... .. . . .. . what has not been, heard of before. Inaolltas, " . . ... ... .. .. as of something to which we have not Tenuls, E:dpaa, , been accustomed before. 'small' ... . . ..... the most general term for sma!l in aiJ dimensions. " .. ....... . as something thin. ..... . . . as of something reduced In lateral di- mensions. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 51 Hinutus, small' ...... as of something havinr; been dimJn- lshed. Pualllus, ........ as of the condition of the soul, little In power. Augustus, " ....... as something narrow, like a road. Graclli8, .... as something slim or slender. Param Magnus, 'small' .... a litotes for 'quite small.' Nobills, 'noble' .......... as by birth. Llberalla, " ........ as belonging to a freeman. Generosus, " .......... as of one naturally great and good. Clara&. " as by reputation for dlsUngulshed Boneatas, lngenuus, lnBlgnl8, .. " .. abfllty . . . . . . . . . . . because of having been honored. . ......... because of Inborn virtues. .......... because distinguished by active good- ness. Corpore amplo, 'thick' ..... a body particularly large in Concretus, thick ........ as of that which has seemingly grown Confertus, .. .. .. .. DenSIUI,' " Dural>. .. toge her. used of curdlea milk . . . . . . . . . as of things brought together In 1\ mass, being opposed to rams . . . . . . . . as of persons who have iJl a body. ' ........ as a callous or hardened skin . . ....... opposed to tenuJa, and hence stout or compact . . . . . . . . . as of many persons standing near each other . . . . . . . . . as that by which hardness or lasting. ness acquires the kindred concept of / thickness. / Digitized by Goog le 52 LATIN SYNONYMS. Floequena, 'th!ck'. ........ as of persons who have ' come together from d:trerent directions . (Vox) Obtusa, " .. as a voice that has been blunted by being struck, as It were, on point . Obems, Pin guts, Splssus, Torgens, Turgidus, .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . as a fat person, one we!l-fed. . . .. as a plump person or animal. . ...... as being . :o Used of son; of darkness. etc . . . . . . as seemingly swelling .. ........ as being already swollen . Sllens, 'silent' . ........... as being free from noise. Tacitus, " ...... as being without speech. Taclturnus, 'silent' .... . ... as being disposed to say noth!ng. Agrestls, 'of the country .. as being like the fields tn their .natura! state Hence rough. Rnstlcns, .. . as having the manners of the coun'ry . hence uncouth. Rustlcanus, .. .. as leading temporarily the life of the country. Jncolumis, . 'safe' ... as having received no damage Integer, Salvos, Securus, Sospes, Tutus,
.. .. .. .. as having been untouched by harm . ........ as having been delivered from harm which without a deliverer would have destroyed . . . . . . . as being tree from care . .......... as never having been harmed, even though passing through many dan gers unscathed. as protected from danger . Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNOJ:-lYMS. :8ingle' ......... ,. as an unmarried man. . , Slngalarts, 'single' .... opp. to plures, and standing alone VnDB, . 'one' .... .. as an individual among many. Unicas, .. t as an only son, no other sons in. th . . 'family. Sofus; 'alone' .......... ns an indiv!dual apart from any others . Si.ngulOB, 'one alone' ..... ts one at a time. mspar, ' unUke' ..... : . .... as being unequal in length, bread 'h, Ol" th ckness, or In strength, or in other qualities. Dl881m1!is, " ns being unlike In shape or features. Oert:or, 'more ..... as being better known from effects. NobiJlor, 'better 'reputatlon'.ns being better known by birth Notior, marked' . ..... as being known by d:sunction. Hosttus, 'like an lnfeatus, " lnimlCOB, , " enemy' .. as being of hostile mind. " .. . as not wardng otr at!acks. " .. as being the true opposite of amlcn!l, and so as a friend wlll help, an enemy wi 1 hinder; as a friend loves. so an enemy hates. lnsclens, Ne-sclens. lnsclDB, . 'ignorant' ..... and not blameworthy. "
lnscltas, " lmprudens, .. lasipiens, .. lgnarus, .. ...... and never having been otherwise . . ..... absolutely ignorant of some one thing, but not imply!ng lnablllty to be oth- erwise. .. : ... as having been thus conceived or shaped . . as not seeing anything pertaining to the future: unwise temporartly. absolute unconsciousness of some Digitized by Goog le LA TIN SYNONYMS. Ignorans, 'Ignorant' ...... temporary unconsciousness of some lmperltus, IDdoetus, mtteratus, Nesclua, Rudis, Stultus, .. .. .. .. .. .. fact . . . . . . absolute unsk!lfulneas from want of experience .
. . . . . . as one never having been taught, but not Implying inablllty to learn . . . . . . as one never having studied books . ..... Ignorant of aome one thing, and implying inabUity to be other- wise . . . . . . . as Implying an uncultivated state. . ..... as a fool who never did nor call' know anything. 'dear' .......... as an object of great interest or affec tlon. Pret108118, " . . .. as an object of great value. Aptlssimos, ' best' ......... as best to ourselves or others. Optimus, " . .... .. .. as most choice. Anxlus, 'anx!ous' . ...... .. as being brought Into straits and being unable to free onese!f from fear or dimculty. J>ermotus, " ......... as being greatly moved by excitement. Perturbatus, " ......... as great:y disturbed by mental fear . Sollicitos, .. . . . . . . . . . as wholly agitated, comple:ely under the power of mental or physical fear. Amictus, 'sad' .......... as having been damaged by some mis- fotune. Debllitatas, " ... .... . .'.as hav:ng been weakened by disease. Maereus, " .......... as one mourning over some loss. Digitized by Goog le Maestas, Trlstis, LA TIN SYNONYMS. 66 'sad' .. . ... . . .. as having been caused to mour'll or causing mourning, but by brhlsing dejection and not by outcries. .. . . . .. .. . opp. of beatus, and hence feeling oneself unfortunate. " .. . ... . . .. opp. of aetus, and hence gloomy and not glad. Infellx, " ... ..... .. because the wishes are lnlort111l&tus, " . ...... .. . not favored outwardly by FortuaA. <remens, Dulcls, Facl'ls, lndulgens Lenis, Levis, " . ..... .. . . as shown by cries and outward signs. " ... ..... . . as bringing, or bearing, or causing ex- '(lresslons of grief. ' mild' .... .. . . . . as a merciful judge, or as quiet water. .. . . .... . ... as pleasant to any one of the senses. " . . .. ..... . as gentle In manners or easy to deal .. " .. With . . . . . . . . . . as being favorab!e to persons or other objects. . . . . ...... as gentle in effect. ... . .. .... as opposed to gravis Mansuetus, " ... ... .... as tame, and hence subject to rules. ... . ...... as svmpathe' ic by nature . Mlserlcors, Mitis, Mollls, Placidns, Tener, Prae(E1Ulns, Gravis, Gravidas, Gravidatus, .. .. .. .. .. . ..... . .. . as carrying in itself the quallty of gen- tleness. . . ..... . . . as in itself plfable and incapable of rough effect. . . . .. . .... as be'ng pleasing, flowing gently . . . . . . . . . . . as belng young or fresh. 'pregnant' . .... as present' ng signs of coming blrtb. " .... . as simply heavy with young. " ...... as having become wlth aJtJthlng. " .. ... :as having been fl led by planting seed. Digitized by Goog le 56 LA TIN SYNONYMS; Preuua. . 'pregnant' ...... as pressed down and hence loaded with. Fetus, " ..... 1s fl..led with See Virgil's Mach1wt feta armis. Aberrau.e, 'wandering' ..... wandering away from an original bome.
Dlsslpatu, Disperau, Errane, Deerrane,. Errabandu, Vagans, Vagrau, Vagu, . .. .. .. ... .. .. " .. .. .. .. .. .. as having missed !le road . \8 hav:ng been scattered before hand. . .... 1.s having been scattered," but trying to come together . \8 an ox that has gone out of the fur- row . . . . . as now moving without destlnat'on. . as contlnu'ng to wander aimlessly. ..... having the dispos:tlon and habit of wandering . . ... traveling In foreign countries . . . . . roving, straying, as cattle over the flelds . . . . going from place to place. . .... going !rom fleld to fleld. . . .. as alm:ess In one's work. Celeber, . 'numerous' ...... as being full of people. Creber, " ...... from cresco, and hence crowded to- Frequens, Nume1'08118, Multiplex, .. .. ... gether . . . . as having come to one p]ace from many directions . . . as indiv:duals counted one by one. . ..... as consisting of many folds, but not as units Abjectas, 'low' ......... as h:ning been cast down from a higher position. Digitized by Coogle
LATIN SYNONYMS. 57 Hum iUs, 'low' . ...... . .. as to the position occupied or condi Demlssus, II[Jlob:Us, DllberaUs, .. .. .. Inferior, " Gravis, " Obscurus, " Submlssus, Sordldus, " Suppressus, " VIlis, " Tenuls, Turpis, .. .. tlon of birth. ... . as being . .. .. as to birth and ancestors . . .... . . as unwot thy a freeborn citizen . . . . . .. . .. as to position. .... as to the voice, as base. .. .... as to birth and ances ora. ...... . as to the voice, as weak. . . . as to origin . . . . . . . . . as to the voice, as a whisper. . ....... . . as to the price. . ... . ... . . as to property . . . . . . . . . . . as belongh}g to the crowd, base. Caducus, F UX118, Fugax:, VolatiUs, vo:atlcus, 'fieetlng' . . ...... because always lncl'ned to fall . " . . . ..... because always Inclined flow away. " .. . ..... because by . nature Inclined to flee away. " . . . ...... because Inclined to fty away. " .... .. . . because having the power to dy away. Pugnax:, 'pugnacious' . .. ... as being by nature Inclined to fight . Ff'rax, " . ..... as being by nature like a beast. " .. . .... as being full of the war spirit. BeWger, " . . . . .. as having a mart:at dlspos!tlon. Tenax:, 'tenacious' . .... . . . because lnc'lned by nature to hold on. Consaus, Flde'ls, Astutus, Callldus, Peraplcu:, Prudens,. .. .. ... because always being the same . .. . ...... . because Inclined to keep his word. 'shrewd' ... . .... as cunn!ng or tricky In methods. " . ..... . . as knowing by experience. .. . .. .. .. . . as natural!y or by Instinct seeing through one's surroundings. .. . .... as foreseeing results or effects . Digitized by Goog le 58 So lers, Sagax, Egrf'glu.s, Elegans, Exqulsltu.s, LATIN SYNONYMS. 'shrewd' ........ as be"ng complete In all arts. " ........... a& naturally Inclined to acuteness of men tal vision. 'floe' .......... as the pick of the flock. " ............ as from any number of things. " .......... as careful:y sought from original sources. Conqulsltu.s, " ...... . ... as carefully sought from all p'aces. Venu.stu.s, .. Bell u.s, .. Acutu.s, .. Argutus,
Libera Us, .. Subtills, .. Sere nus, .. Tennis, .. . ......... as possessing a!l the qualities of Venus. .. . ....... as a diminutive of bonus, equal to pretty. .......... as having a sharp point; mentally, ot tine perception .. . . ...... as slgn"flcant of power or mental ln- ftuence ......... as to :be arts. .......... as some"hlng finely woven; mentally of tine ability . . . . . . . . . . . as the weather, the sky, the night, the sea, or the countenance . . . . . . . . . . . as that which ls thin, slight, or slender. Inants, Inrltus, Vacuus, Van us, 'vain' ............ opn. to and hence empty. " ............ without method, and hence Ineffectual. " ............ without Influence, as vacua nomina. " ... . ....... akin to Greek phaJno, and hence a mere "wlll o' the wisp," an fgnfs fatuus. Fecundns, 'fertile' ........ abounding In products. Fe!Jx, " ........ natunlly or constitutionally fruitful Ferax, Fertll!l,
.. .. .. In resu"ts . . . . . . . . . lncllnE'd by nature to pro1uctlveness. . ....... productve of fruits or results. ........ fruit bearing, as fields, countries, etc . Digitized by Coogle Oplmus, Uber, lnvfdaa, Livid as, Llvfdulus, Malign us, LATIN SYNONYMS. 69 'fertile' . .. . .. . . as abounding In the best and. richest
" ...... . . as reh Internally, and therefore .pro- ductive. 'envious' . .. .. ... as unfavorable or unfriendly, not .. .. .. directly hostile . . . . . . . . . as possessing spiteful or malicious qualities. .. . . . . .. as possessing slightly envious qua'ltles . . . . . . as naturally bad In every direction. Negatives differ much from privatives; nescius Is never known, while lnscius Is not knowing for the time being. NU:Jus, 'no one' .... ... ... as that never did exist. Nee Ullus, " ...... . .. as oml :tlng that which does exist . Nemo, .. . . . . . . . . . . as one that never did exist. Nul' us non, every' .... . .. as an equal to omnls. Non nullaa, some' ........ as an equal to aliquts. Inanis, OffOqJS, Beeurus, Vaeuus, 'empty' .. . ... . .. . as lacking what might be expected. " . . ...... . . as hands or brains with nothing to do. " ....... . .. as unconcerned about anything. " ..... . . . . .as without an Inhabitant. Abundans, 'rich' .. . ... ... hav' ng more than his barns can bold. Coplosus, '' .. . ....... having full barns, larders, and pan- Dives; .. Ferax, " Fortunatus, " Lautus, tries. .. ... . ... . opp. to pauper, and hence lacking noth In g . . . . . . . . . . . as being fertile. ... . . . . .. having been by Fortuna. ..... .. ... being luxurious. Digitized by Goog le ao LATIN SYNONYMS. 'rich' ........... having much property, particularly In lands. Nwil,matus, " Opimus, " Opulentus, .. Pecouiosus, " Pretiosus, Uber, .. .. , ..... .. .. having plenty of money. ......... having much that is choice. . ......... having money and Influence. ......... having a ful ness ot money, besides be:ng a lover of money. . ......... being of great value. .......... as having within Itself an amp!e sum- clency. Altus, 'deep' ............ because having reached the limit of our greatest measures. Eroditus, 'deep' .......... In the mat:er of learning Multus, " . . ........ in consequence of tulness. Profondus, " .......... because the measure is unknoWn, there Summus, " Sob tills, Is no standard as In altos. ......... app:ied to peace or other abstract quality. .......... as applied to shrewdness. Fidus, 'true' ............. as keep' ng one's word. Slncerns, 'true' ......... . as being genuine. Gennanus, " .......... as being born of the same. parents. Veras, " .......... as being able to prove l.tself. \erax, " .......... as always speaking or acting the truth. Fldells,. '' ............ as that which can be trusted or -relled Doctus, Ernditus, Litteratus. upon. 'learned' ........ because of hav'ng been taught. " ........ because of having been brought out of " a rude condition by being educated ........ particularly In the literature of one's t:me. Digitized by Coogle LA TIN SYNONYMS. 61 Abandans, 'fu:r .... . .. . . as lt were to overflowing Aftloens, , " , as contlnual:y coming, like a stream of . Freqaens, Plea as, Completas, Oppletas, Patalas, Contertas, Refertas, Arnica bills, Benevolas, Ami cas, Beafgnas, FamlUarls, Haman as, Oomls, .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . as coming from all directions. . ... . . . as by occupying all the space within bounds . . . . . . . . as fl.lled. . . .. . ... as to the brim wherever the can see . . . . . . as being outspread everywhere. . , , as having material brought togetheo- from every ' ' .......... as having been again and again stuffed .. 'friendly' .... . . because com:ng from real friends. " ...... because always wishing well. " . because having the power or disposi- .. .. .. .. tion to love. ...... because good natured, born to friend- ship . . . . . . . because like one of the same family. .. because having the Instincts of men . ..... because companionable . 'all' ........ . . . .. as being conjoined, ali together. Canctas, Integer, Omnis, Solldas, Totas, Uafversas, 'whole' .. . .. . . as being unbroken or untouched Amoenas, Bellas, Formosas, Pa'cher, Speclosas, Vena8tas, 'a' l' .... . .... . .. as every one taken one by one. " . ... .. . .. as compact In one body, Dies solido". " . . .. ....... as a whole from beginning to end. " ....... . .. . .as all !urned into one. 'beautiful' . .... because pleasant to the eyes. " ... . .. because both small and good. u . .. because shapelY. " ...... because fleshy and shapely .. .. " . because of mere appearance . ... because made like Venus. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS; Primus, 'first' . ....... . .. as a natural starting point. Princeps, " .. . as being chief of a band or head of a llst, but always with reference to rule or choice. Pl'lmarlaa, first' . .. ....... as among the first in the group. Procer, " ........ . . as one of the nobles. Bolas, 'alone' .. ... . . . . . . .. because by one's self. Unaa solaa, 'alone' ... . . . . . because the one has no companion. Solltar:las, " . because one of a number that has no companions . Sine .arbitrls, .. Arbltl'is remotis, . .. ... because without witnesses. 'alone' ... because the witnesses have moved. been re- Simllls with dative, 'like' .. as an external l'keness. 81mills, with genitive, 'llke. as an Internal llkenesa. Fatigatas, 'tired' .. . . ... . as having trave ed sumclently. Detatigatu8, " . . .. .. . . as having traveled sum-
Fesaas, " . ..... . as having come to the point of being Lassitadlne Contectas "all broken up." } 'tired' . .. .. . as being "done for completely" by las- situde. Lassos. 'tired' ... ... . ... . as though muscles could no longer act together. Antlqau, Obsoletus, Priscas, Pristinu, Vet!JS, Veteranas, Vetastas, 'old' ........ . .. because belonging to earlier times. " ... . .. . ... because having been worn away. " .. . .... . .. . because having belonged to former times. " . .......... because pertaln'ng to the past. " . . .. .. . . . .. because of service in the past. " . . .. ....... because pertaining to the past. " . ... . . . .... because having been used long ago. Digitized by Goog le LA TIN SYNONYMS. 63 Circomdataa,'surrounded by'.as though placed or put in position. Concretas, " " .as having grown together. FrequeDSt " " .as having come from all directions. Plenas, " " .as fU:ed In on all sides. Stipatas, " " as though compressed on all sides. Gran dis, Magna.s, 'great' . ...... .. . as a combination of parts In a body.
Ampla.s, \Tastaa, IDgens, lmmanis, Spati08U8, " . . .. ...... as a center Of force. The cubic idea. " " " " " and hence Indicative of many sided forcefulness . . ..... . . . . as by outspread In at least two dlre('- tlons. . .. ....... as widespread desolation. . as of something grown to a great size. . . as of something unmeasured, enor- mous. ... . ..... . as great by space, llnear, square, or cub:c. Beneftcaa, 'beneficent' ... .. one who actually does good. BenignWJ, " ...... one who was born good; is Inherently good . Liberal is, " . . . . . . one who freely gives of what he bas. Commntabllis, 'changeable' . as one thing capable of being used In many ways. Dlversa.s, Moltfp'ex, MobWs, Varlas, lnconataas, .. .. " .. " . as two or more persons or things of different charac erlstlcs. as having many folds or parts . . as one thing easily moved from place to place . as one thing having differing forma or features. as one person or thing . not always t.be same. Digitized by Goog le - 64 LATIN SYNONYMS. AJacer, 'swift' ............ because qu' ck of wing. Celer, " .... . . .. ...... because like birds or winds above the Cftus, Pernfx, ..
Propei'U80 " Rapfdus, " Velox, Volncer, .. .. earth . ..... .. . . because acting the part of one excited. . .. because strugg:lng successfuily through dlfllculUes. . . .... . . ; because hastening to be near. . . .. because seizing requires rapidity . . . . . . . . . because born to "fty."
. ...... because like the bird, always ready to fty. Salubris, 'healthful' . . . . . as bringing or produc:ng health . IDtt>ger, Salutarfs, Salutifer, San us, va:idus, Salvus, Ffi'DlUB, Valens, Robust us, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . as uninjured by harm from any source . .... as tending to healthfulness. . as transferring healthfulness to us. .. as being sound or well . . .. . as having s'rength for a c e r ~ a l n purpose . . . . as having been preserved . ..... as having been propped . , as now strong for some one duty . . as having the Inner, static abll!ty. IDei'B, 'slow' . . ... . ..... because as seemingly not knowing how to be otherwise . Pfger, lgnavus, Lentus, Tardus, .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . because d:slncllned, or disabled by reason of lnablllty to put forth ener- gies . . . . . . . . . . . . because Inactive by natural physical condition I . . .. ... .. . . because one muscle Is not In harmony with another. " ... ....... ... .. because one muscle seems to Interfere with another. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. f6 Seros, 'slow' ... ..... . . .. because the action was not becnn ln time. Segnis, " . . .. .. .. .. .. because always fo.lowing along beh:nd. Deses, " . . .. . . . .... because sitting too much. Apertus, 'open' . ...... . .. as that which has been made opea. Patt>ns, " .... .. . . as that which is lying open. Pat111us, " . . . . . .... as "bat which Is widespread. Propatulus, 'open .. as having the whole front widespread. Manifestos, " .. . ..... . . as having been cleared by the llud. ClartiS, " . ... .... .. as clear, unobscured, and all within range of vision. Simplex, " ... . ... ... as without fo!ds, be!ng outspread be- fore us. Cand!dus, " ... . . . .... as being white and shining 'by collected Opertos, TectU8, Contectus, Velatus, Protectus, Defeusu, Oppletus, Aequu, Fas, J'ustus, Accuratus, Rectu, Veras, rays. 'covered' . . . . ... . as having been opposed in the act of opening. " ... . .... by having been roofed over. " ...... . . by having been completely roofa4 over. " . . .... . by havi-ng been veiled. " ........ by having been furnished a . roof. " .. ....... by having been gua_rded against eqt- side foes " .... . . .. by hav!ng the objects of 'right' . ..... .. . . as being level. " . as by Divine law. " . . . ... . . . . as being upright. " .. .. . .. .. . as having been done ucordlng to care. " ..... ... . . as being straight. " . .. .. .... . as being morally true. Nativus, 'natural' .... .. .. arising from nature. Innatus, " .. as being Inborn. Digitized by Goog le tl6 LATIN SYNONYMS. Saturalis, 'natural' . .. . .. . in accordance wl:h nature's laws. " ....... . . as having been lmp.anted. Allquls, 'some one' . .. . . .. . any one but yourself. Qoivis, " ... . . . .. any one you w:sh. Qala, " . . .. .. . . any one Including self. Qlli8qai8, " .. ..... any one whatsoever. Ullas, " . .. ..... diminutive of unus, and hence any Indi- .. Qulsplam, .. vidual. .... . . any one whom It Is pleasing to any- body :10 name . . . . . . . any one so far known. Jejuna, 'poor' .... ... . . . .. as oratio JeJuna. Exigua, " .. .......... as casa exigua. SteriU.S. " .. ... . ... . . as ager sterilis. Inops, " . . ....... . . as inops verborum. Pauper, " ..... . . .. .. . as opposed to dives. Tenuis, " .. .. . .. .. . . . as having small means. Mendicus, " . . . .... .... . as a beggar. Egens, " .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. as needing life's nceessarles. IndigeDB, " .. . ..... . . . as being In absolute want. VWs, u ............ .. as being of cheap material. Diutfnus, t'asttng' ..... as something every day, but not thought of as every moment of the day. Diuturnus, " ... ... .. as taking In every moment. Hujusmodi, 'of this kind' .. . having been pointed out recent'y or Ejusmodi, Talis, .. .. as to be po' nted out Immediately . . . as having been pointed out beforehand. . .. as having a measure or by which It can be understood. Par, 'equal' ... . . .. . ... . In linear dimensions. Digitized by Goog le ,. LATIN SYNONYMS. 67 A.equus, 'equal' .......... In surface dimensions. Quantus, " ..... . ...... as standards by which their Qaalls, 'equal. correlatives may be measured. These Qoot, 'equal.' always bring In the basis of compar- Qoam, 'equal.' !son. Commodus, Opportuous, UtWs, convenient' ... as with proper measure. " .. as be:ng right at the port or harbor. " ... as being serviceable. Anceps, 'doubtful' . . ...... because making nothing decisive. Dobias. " . . ...... because presenting two phases, and yet not permitting a choice. Alios, 'another' ... . ..... as any other except the one named. Alienus, 'another's' .... .. .. as be.onglng to another. Alter, 'another' .. .. ... . . . . as one of two persons. Ceterus, ReUquus. 'rest' ... . .... .. as all the rest except those mentioned. .. . as the rema!nder after others are gone. Extl'emus, 'last' .. . .... . .. of two ends, the first or last, Postremus, mtlmus, Supremos, .. .. .. .. 1 ast or first . . . . . . . . . . . as being nearest to us from either end, but usually to the right s' de or front . . . . . . . . . . . as opposed to primos, It Is !ast In order . .... .. . .. . as being from us on either end. . .. . ...... as being highest In the list. Placldus, calm' .. . . .. ... . because having been brought to rest, as troubled waters. Quietus, .. .... . .. .. . as be'ng asleep . TranqulUus, " . . .. . . .. .. as even more quiet than In sleep Remlssus. .. .. .. . . . .. . as llavlng been relaxed or brought to rest. Digitized by Goog le 68 Constans, Firmu, OertD.B, Stabilis, Intentas,
LATIN SYNONYMS. 'fixed' . . . . .. ... . as being always tbe same. " ... . . . . ... as having been made so by p r o ~ a . " ..... . ... . as something already decided and well .. .. known . . . . . . . . . . . as able to stand by i's own gravity. . . . . . . as be:ng held In one position: ocnll lntentl. Commnnlcans, Impert:ens, 'sharing'. as making some one thing common. " . as d:vldlng Into parts, giving to two, Partiens, Aequales, Pares, Egens, Indlgens, mops, .. each a half; to ten, each a tenth, etc . . as simp y giving part, but no fixed par:, to several persons. 'equals' . .. . . . . . because of the same age. " .. ... .. . because alike ln some one feature. 'needy' .. .... . ... becaase wanting the necessaries of life. " . . .... . ... because In absolute want. . ....... .. because having no resources. Pauper, 'poor' ... .. .. . . .. . as opposed to dives, as being fD reduced circumstances. VWs, " ....... . .... as of small worth, because made of cheap materia!, or because being out of fashion and not In demand. Beatus, 'happy' .. . . .. .. .. as hav!ng been blessed, and hence beln!; satisfied . Faustus, .. . . . . . . . . . . as having been made favorable. Felix, . ........ as having everything according to our wlsbes . .. . . . . . . . . . aa results following out etrorta, euc- cessful. Fortunatus, " .. . .... as having been favored by fortune. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 61) Prosperus, 'happy' ........ as having everything to accord with our Acceptus, Bonu, Gratus, Honestus, Jucundus, Pro bOB, hopes. 'good' .......... because the person has been received by the people. " ...... ..... because being capable of giving service or he p to otbers. " .......... because pleasng to all persons. " .. . ....... because honorab e in reall Y " .... . ..... because abounding tn good cheer. " ...... .. .. because of having been weighed and not found wanting. Aetiern1l8, 'eternal'. . . . . . . . the farther continuance of the age (aevwn). Semplternu, 'eternal' . .... the farther continuance of s e m p e r ~ Ignavus, 'ln:1ctive' ... .. .. .. as being without natural energy Iners, 'Inactive' ........... as being without skUI. Expletus, 'sat:stled' ........ as having been filled. Satiatus, 'satisfied' ........ as having the appetite brought to a standstel. Dimensus, 'measured' ...... as by some standard mensura-. Descrlptus, " ... . .. as having been laid off by measure. Dispar, 'different' .... . ... because of not the same linear dimen- sions. Dlsslmllis, 'different' ...... because of not the same form or quality. Aptus, 'suited' .......... as by nature. Idoneus, " .. . ... .... as by appearance. ld internal stem of Vldere. Conveniens, " .. . ... .. .. as by all the parts harmonizing. Digitized by Coogle 70 LA TIN SYNONYMS. Adverb Terminals. - e & - o & u ... .. .... ablative termlna'lons and hence Indi- cating cause, manner, means, etc. - e & - um ... . ...... neuter singular term Ina 'Ions and hence of specification (?), bet- ter of generalization. - im .. . . . . . . ... either an ablative or an accusative case, and so cause, etc., or case of speclflcaton. - ter ..... .. . . ... . .. ... 'by,' as though an exteuded form of tlie the ablative case and denoting a cus- tomary action. - tus (-us) . . .. ... .. . . . 'from,' as though an extended form of the ablat:ve case and denoting the abstract concept of origin or source of tbt> action. Digitized by Goog le (69) Adverbs. (2M) LATIN SYNONYMS. 71 -Fere, 'almost' ............ and therefore less close to tlie number limit. Fenne, 'almost' ........ .. . and therefore closest to the Paene, .. .. number limit . . . . . . . . . . . . as the degree, as though getting to some condlt"on with pain or dlfft- culty . . . . . . . . . . . the Idea of approximation or approach, nearby. Propemodum, 'almost' . .. .. often used for prope, and giving modum to show degnee. Post, 'after' .... . ......... for from pone and signifying 'In the rea\'' Postea, " .............. for post + abl. ea, the latter showinJC. the means Magis, 'more' ............ in degree. Plus, u ............ in quantity. Melius, 'better' ..... .. .... In quality. Potlus, 'rather' ........... o:trers a choice. Clam, 'secretly' ........... from celo, 'conceal,' and hence covered up. Furtim, Occulte, . .......... in the manner of a th'ef. .. In occulto, " Secreto, " ........... oh + cul=cel, as by concealment fore one's eyes . . . . . . . . . . . . l'teral y In hiding before one's eyes. 'IP. + cerno, as by separa Aegre, 'scarcely' ......... as though In a sickly manner. be- Vix, " .... . ..... connected with vfs and hence 'with ef- fort.' Vixdnm, .. . . . . . ..... strengthened form of vfx . Digitized by Coogle 72 LA TIN SYNONYMS. Maxlme, especially' ..... as by the use of all force and size . Potlssamum, Praeclpae, PneserUm, .. .. .. ...... as by the use of all force. . .... as by taking that first and foremost. . ..... as by combining that first and fore- most. MilUm, 'enough' ....... as If 'according to fate,' or that which has been spoken . .. . . . as that which has come to a standstill . Allqaantalum, 'little' .. ... a little of some quantity. Paalmn, NoDDibilJ, Paalalom, " .. .. ..... a Jlttle In extent of time or space. .... in some way, or as In Eng., "In any old way." ..... a very :lttle In of time or space. B loagiDqao, 'afar' ........ from a distance, as derived from that Emlna.s, Longe, Multo, Proc:al, Denlqae, .. .. .. .. which Is the very beginn:ng or foun- tain head . . . . . . . . opp. of comminus, literally 'out of hand,' as In fighting by the throw:ng of darts . . . . . . . . . as the position In which anything may be . . . . . . . . as deno ':ing the outspread of time, place or . . . . . . . . . as though so far :n front as to be con- cealed from view. length' ....... the reference Is always to some prior .. state or statement and hense demom Is seconda.J'T . . . . . . . always secondary reference to a prbnar7 expressed or unders!ood. Digitized by Goog le
LATIN SYNONYMS. 73 Tandem, 'at lEngth' .. ..... doub:e secondaey, and em- Tam, .. phatic with reference to something previously said . . . . . . . . . quum is lmp:ted as primU'7, and hence tum is secondaey. Oninino, 'altogether' . ... .. an without a preposit:on, and Prorsas, .. Fandltua, .. Conjunctlm, .. l'lenltua, .. Plane, .. Simul, .. UDI't .. hence not restricted to any part of an entirety . . . . .. . Tera ly turning (all) forward. .... . . from the very bottom, as in overturn- ing . . . . . . . all joined together, as taking in all kinds and all combinations . . ... .. from the Inmost recesses. . .. .. akn :o penns, 'full,' and hence fn'ly. . . .. . . at the same time, and hence ind eating togetherness one or more ac- compa limen ts . . .... from the fact of complete oneness. MOdo, 'lately' .. . ..... .. . . as by a measure, and hence either long or short. Of en used for just now and sometimes a good whlle ago. Nnper, " ..... .. . fr. novus + per, and hence recently. ... ... .. as Acerbe, Amare, Aspere, Vebementer, .. .. .. . .... . as . . .. . . . as . . . .... as though by sharpness or acrldne>s. though by bitterness to the taste. though by roughness to the touch. though by being driven. Ita. eo . .... .. ... ... ... . In this manner, from same s em as ls. Ea. Id, showing a more special re- than ut. Digitized by Goog le ... 74 LATIN SYNONYMS. lioc modo, 'so' ........... In th!s manner, but l!mlted In the method, and yet empoylng the who e of the method, If need be. Rune In modam, 'so' ..... In this Umfted way, but not supposing the whole of the one method to be used. Sic, 'so' ................. always secondary to ita primary at or Ita. Frastra, 'In vafn' ......... disappointed expectation, as though one has been dealt with lraadalently. (VIr.) Incassum, 'In vain' . Into emptiness, Into hollowness. Nequlquam, " .. absence of success In effort. (Liv.) In caBSIUD, " Into emptiness. lrrftus, " .. wfthou thought for the time being, as without a plan. Nondum, 'not yet' ........ a relative statement, not ready for ll Haaddum, .. Necdum, .. Nequedum, .. Adhac non, .. second moveme:1t . . . . . . . . an absolute statement, not ready for a second movement . . . . . 'and yet,' a continuous statement. not ready for a second movement ........ 'and not yet,' a continuous staement. not ready for a second movement ..... .. . 'up to this time not.' Ut, 'as' .................. a real r:rlmllarlty, but without contrast. Bleat, 'as' ............. a rea! similarity, but with contrast Im- plied. Q'IIASI, "as'............. a merelv conceived slm'larfty. Tamquam, 'as' ........... a merelv conceived similarity, contrast Imp' led. 'as' ............... In Clc. equal to 'for example; In late writers, It Is used like quasi. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 76 Confestim, 'Immediately' ... wlth haste. Ooatl.nuo, " ... . lmmed"ately after, as moving on to- EneJOplo, Derepente, Instanter, Act.utum, llature, mtco, Properantler, Dicet, Protinus, Recta, ReJK"ute, Statim, Subito, .. .. .. .. .. .. " " " .. " " .. gether . . . . . as out of time, but originating In time . . Intensive movement, as of serpent . . ... as following closely. ... as by the one and same act . .... as at the right time . . ... as In that very place. .... as hastily going on through. .... as It Is now the t :me to go. .... straight onward as the beginning Wat! made . . . . . as on this road, recta vta. .... present movement of serpent. .... without de'ay, without s!ttlng down .... as though coming up unde!' your feet. 'rash'y' ..... without consideration. lnconsulto, " ..... without ronsul Fortuito, " ..... as by chance. Nlmls 'rash!y' . . w'th too great haste. Praepropere, 'rashly' ..... with undue haste. " ..... as never making choice. Stulte, " ..... as acting the downright fool Temere, " ..... as though blindly. Gradatim, 'gradually' ...... as step by step. gradas, " ...... as successive steps. " ...... as by trying he way by steps. Paulatim, " ...... as "lttle by litre. Sensim, " .... . . as by perceiving each step. orgitized by Coogle 16 LATIN SYNONYMS. ( ?) Imperceptim, 'gradually'. . .......... as though no movement could be per- ceived. Ex parte, 'partly' .... .. .. from one side only. Partlm, " ... . ... as only a part of the whole at one Partite, Pierwnqae, Frequenter, Saepe, Crebi;'O, time . .. . . . . . . . . by proper divisions of the whole. 'frequently' . . .. by spread:ng over and fl.lllng up va- cancies . " .. " . . . . by coming from different directions In great numbers .... by heaping up as In number of times. . . . . by growing In size as crowds ga.herlng In numbers . Saepenumero, " . . . an emphat:c saepe. mine, lode, 'thence' ..... . .... from that distant place named before. lstinc, Abblnc, Anteqaam, Priasqaam, Ante, Ctt:u, Prius, " . . .. . .. ... from that Intermediate place repre- " " sented by Is, ea, ld . . . . . . . . . . from ~ h a t p!ace wbleh you occupy, . ..... . . . . length of time before the present mo- ment. 'before' ...... . as never having been behind .. " . ... . . . as having been behind, but now being before. '' .. .. .... . as bever bav:ng been behind. " ... .... . .. as In the manner of one greatly ex- ,, cited . . . . . . . . . . . as having been behind but now being before. Iterwn, 'again' .. . . . . . .. . a second time. Do integro, " . . . . .... .. from the entirety, or afresh. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 77 Denno, 'again' .......... from a new position. RursU8, " .......... as turning back over the same road . Rursum, .. . . . . . . . . . . as turning back over the same road, tho lat er being generic, the former specific. Ubi, 'when' .............. as time contrasted with other time. ubi showing the basis of the com par_ison. Ut, " .............. as a reference to a well-known date. Cum, " .............. as a reference to every time that, I. " whenever. Heri, ......... the day itself as a period of time .. Hesterno die, 'yesterday' ... yesterday's day, a period or portion of yesterday. Adeo, 'so' ......... . .... to that degree or point. Ita, " .............. defines more accura:ey than sic. Ideo, " .............. on that account, and su!ts our there- fore. , Sic, " ............. always secondlu7 to ut or some pri- IDIU'f Tam, " .............. always secondary to quam expressed or understood. Tantopere, 'so' .......... a: ways secondary to quanto expressed or understood, but used with, verbs instead of tam. In_ dies, 'daily' .... , .... as the days come in, one after another. In singulos dies, 'daily' . as single days come in, one after an- other. Qaotidie, 'dally' .... by as many days as come and go, da:l' after day. Digitized by Coogle i8 LATIN SYNONYMS. Non, 'not' .............. the ordinary or general not. Ne, " ........... used tor non In connection with qui- dem Hand, " . . . . . . . . . an absolute subjective not, generally with adjectives or adverbs. Haudquaquam, Minu, Nequaquam, Neutiqaam, 'not' ..... a stronger expression tor baud. " ..... as being smaller than the required. .. " .. a. very general expression for neque . .. similar to nequaquam, but derived from ne + utique . . . . . . the superlative of parvo, and hence 'by the least.' De lmproviso, 'suddenly' ... as from the unseen, a secondary con- cept . Ex tempore, Improvtso. lnoplnato, Necoplnato, Repente, Subito, ... .. ..
.. . . . . as not according to the time, as not coming 'out from within the time,' or not part and parcel of the time ... as In any way unforseen, a primary concept, and showing cause, manner means, instrument, etc . . . . as not being even fancied for the time . .. . as not being even tancil!d at any t :me . ... as a creeping movement made by a serpent . as coming up from beneath,-a snake putting h:s head out of the graE& Allquando, 'once ......... nt some other time, past or future. Ollm, " .... _ .... opposed to nunc, the distant past or Quondam, Nlmis, Nlmium, future . .. . . . . . . . . . formerly, used of the past only. 'too' ............ regular adverb, denoting excess. " ........ . . .. adjective used as an adverb, and a very general expression. Digitized by Coogle LA TIN SYNONYMS. 79 Slmis multi, 'too many' . ... as 25 when we need ony 20. Nimiam saepe, too often' .. as 25 repetlaona when 20 are enough. Ubi, 'where' ........ . .... equal cabl, and regular adverbia: Quo, .. 1orm, as an implied contrast with lbi . . . . . . . . . . . . . e.J.t:al, quo loco, to what place as an implied contrast with eo loco. a little while' .. denoting the brief continuance of an action . Paullsper, .. .. . . denoting a greater continuance . Herugne, 'yes' .... . . . . .... us in otrerlng to perform service kindly. lmmo, " ... ... . ...... as by the use of the uttermost kind- Optlme, Qulppe, Recte, .. .. .. ness. . .... . .... . . as by highest choice. . . ... ....... as giving a reason for the afll.rmatlon. . ........... as putting the afll.rmatlon on correct bases Dumtaxat, 'only .. .. ...... as by making a correct estimate. Modo, " .. .. ...... the common equlvtlent, and equal to a Raro, Solum, .. .. Solummodo, " Tan tum, .. moderate limit . . . . . . . . . . as to an occasional solitary etrort. . .. ...... as by itself, and hence operating alone. . ..... as operating alone and to a limited gree . . . . . . . . . . . as to this extent and no greater. TantummOdo, 'only' ... ... . as on'y to a llm!ted extent. A.perte, 'openly' .......... a11 though the object of tru:h were set forth clearly. Pa!am. " . .... as though spread out so that all could see. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. Publice, 'openly' ... .. . .. . as though not done In a corner. Alloqul, ' otherwise' .. . . ... In some other way, by some othe:- Aliter, Secus, .. .. me hod . . . . . . . . . . . In another case. . .. .. ... as a secondary method, and hence ad- ditional. Forsitan, ' perhaps' .. . ..... as equal to tors sit an, there is a chance. Fortasse, .. .. .... .. as If it has taken place by chance . Jure, 'rlght!y' . .. ... . . .. .. as according to statute law . Jnste, Recte, Rite, .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . as In the manner of . . ... . ... . .. as In a straight line and favorably. . ... .. ... ... as according to religious ceremonies . Brevi, 'shortly' ... .. ..... as In a short time or space Brevtter, " . . . . .. . . .. as by a brief method or operation. Al 'qaando, 'sometimes .. .. as at some periods In the future . lnterdom, Non nunquam, .. .. . . . . as between times you have opportunity. . . . . as 'many times ' the two negatives In- creasing the force of the afll.rmation. Non jam, 'no longer' ...... lmp!les that an act or condition has Nibil Jam. gone on to the present time, but Is not now operative. Non diatias, 'no longer' . .. as of an action or condition that goes no further than the present. Bx memoria, 'by heart' . . as out from the memory' by reproduc- tion. Memortw, .. ... as following the chain of memory, eoo- nectlng link to link. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 81 Amplius, 'more' . . ...... as extending more widely on both sides. Magis, Plus, .. .. ........ as greater In degree . . ......... as extending farther on any side or on all sides. ldentldem, 'likewise' . . . ... as of one time like another. Item, " .... . . . as In the same manner. Non lllemel, .. .. . . . . as ~ n o t once,' It Is equivalent to sev- eral times in the same way. Plus semel, " .. . .. . as extending beyond one time. Plus quam semel, 'likewise'. as extending to several times. Semel et saeplOB, " as once and repeatedly. Nocte, 'by night' . .. .. . as liY the use of any part or all the De nocte, Noctu, night. " . .. . . .... .. but for only a part of the night. " .. .. .. .. .. as by night after night,' or of nights.' Jam, 'now' .. .. ... ... .... as havklg already started a secotul Modo, Mox, Nunc, .. .. .. movement . . ... . ... . .. as In time just passed. . ..... ... . . as In time just future. From moveo, and hence the notion of hereafter . . . .. .. ..... .. as the present moment. lmpune, 'with lmpunlte, .. Impunity' . .. as an unpunished person. " ... as though by mean& of exemption from lmpunltus, .. .. punishment, the word being an ab- lative . . . . as to the extent of freedom from pun- ishment. Admodum aero, 'too late' .. late to the limit, hence very late. Nlmls aero, " " .. as undiminished J'ateneas. Digitized by Goog le 82 SeriWJ, Sero, LATIN. SYNONYMS. 'too .. a llttle late. " .. as by a late action or condition. Modo, 'just now' .. . .... ... as In the recent past. Nuper, " . ......... as In some period last passed. Oerte, Pro tecto, Salle, 'certainly' ........ as with fixedness never known to fail. " .......... as a fact already brought out. " .......... as In a manner peculiar to healthful- ness. (Plaut,) OpJt.do, 'certainly'.as just before the foot, hence clearly visible. lmmo, Omnillo, Vere, Vero, Veram, Qaideoi, VIdelicet, Saltem, 8clllcet, .. . ..... as by this very thing, equal to lpslmo. " ........ as by every means that could be con- .. .. .. " .. " .. . . . . . . . . . as in atrue manner. . . .. .. .. as by the truth. . ..... .. as the truth gaelf . .. ..... perhaps more conjunction than adverb, but used as a strengthener for other adverbs . . . . . . . . . as giving permission to see for your- self . . . . . . . . . as from salus, representing the idea of healthfu' ly . . . . . . . . . as giving permission to know how It was done. Multo intnns, 'much less' .. by a much smaller measure. Nedum, " " .. as 'while not' considering the present or other times and conditions. Parum. 'little' . . ........ opposed to satts and nlmlum, from same root as p81'VUS. Parvum. " ....... opposed to m&gnus, and hence little In rltbl(' dlme.nsions. Digitized by Goog le LA TIN SYNONYMS. 83 Paulum. ' little' . . .. . . .. .. as the extent of time, or as the degree of difference. Diu, 'for a long time' . . . .. . an old abla:tve of dies, and hence de- noting length of time. Jam diu, " ... . .. already a long time. Loop, " " . . . . . . as by length of days or years . .Jamdudum,'for a long time' . already for a long time, dudam equal diu and dam Jam pridem, .. .. already a long time before. Ettam. 'also' ..... . . . . . . . always adds a new circumstance. Quoque, " .. .. . . . ..... denotes the addition of a thing of similar . kind. Vel. " .. . . . ... ... . when used alone with superlatives. Umquam, Semper, 'ever' ...... .. .. as at any one time. " ... . .. ..... as being the same all the time. Ublque, 'everywhere' . . . ... at any one place. Uadlqae, " . . : .. .. from every place. Passim, " . . .... as scattered here and there . . -\. froute, 'front' . . ........ as from the front of your own line and upon the front of your enemy's line. Ju fronte, " . .. ... ... . as in the front of your enemy's :tne . . -\dhuc, . 'hitherto' ..... .. . . all the time up to the present time. Hactenus, " . all the space or circumstances up to this point. lD equo, Ex equo, 'horseback' . .... . on the horse, as simply in position. " . . .. .. from the horse, as performing an ac- tion with reference to something different from the horse. Digitized by Goog le 84 LA TIN SYNONYMS. Ut, 'how' ................ as expressive of position, at me cir- cumSI eterint. Ute1DDque, 'how' ... . ..... 'howsoever,' as the most general man- Quam, Qat, Quanto, ner in action. '' ......... as an exclamatory modifier of adject- .. .. t v a ~ ! . . . . . . . . . . an ancient ablative singular for all genders . . . ... .. as the standard of quantitative meas- ure. Quem ad modum, 'how' .... as 'according to some measure' setting forth an actual occurrence. Quo modo, 'how' ......... as by some limited simple measure. Quo pacto, " ... . ...... as by some agreement already made, and to be lived up to by both parties. Invite, 'Involuntarily' ...... as not forcefully, but sluggishly, lnvitas, " and always modify!ng the verb. . . .... but always modifies subject. Haud sponte sua, 'involuntarily' . ........ as not according lo one's promise, or better perhaps, 'not by promise,' but because some one insists. 'involuntarily' .. .. . as not being a willing performance. Nolens, Ofto, " .. as by impulse and not will. Ultro, 'voluntarily' ........ by some way outside of the ordinary. Sua sponte, Facto, Volens, not being required by one's sur- roundings. 'voluntarily' . . . as by one's own promise. " ... as by determination and purpose al- ready formed . .. . . . as bei.ng a willing performance . (?) lntrequenter, 'rarely' .. as not coming in numbers. Digitized by Coogle LATIN SYNONYMS. 85 Baro, 'rarely' .. . .. .... as being only here and there, and so seldom met with. Quamvts, 'however' ... . . . . as far as you may wish to go. Qaam.llbet, " . ...... as far as anybody may wish tO go. Nunquam non, tnever not' . . litotes for 'at all times.' Non nunquam, 'not never' . . litotes for sometbnes.' DUrerence of Tei'Jilinals for Noons. ( 1) From Verbs. __,r ... ... .. . ........ the man who performs the action Im- plied In the verb. -tor . .. . .... .... . . .. .. those that end In -tor form feminines In -trix. -sor ........ ... ... .. .. those that end In --sor form In -trlx or -strlx, sometimes throw- Ing out the L of .he mas, and then add'ng -trlx. The termination or, when added to the unaltered stem of the verb, espe- of Intransitive verbs, expresses the action or condtlon of the verb as a substantive, as favor, turor, n' tor, etc. There Is much difference beween --or and --er In English. Or de- noes profess 1 ona1 cont'nuance, while --er represents temporary or occas- lonql t>ll'P'ovment. -to .. ...... . .. ... . .. .. wbt>n added to tbe supine after tbe -u11. lO"S of urn, express tbe action or con- dition denoted by the verb abstract- h-. -lo continuously, -us fixedly. Digitized by Goog le
86 LATIN SYNONYMS. -ara . . . .. . .. . .... . .... has nearly the same meaning as -us. -Ia .. ... . . .. ... . .. . . . has nearly the same mean:ng as -ora. Both these terminals denote simple extension of the original. --mleD .. expresses either the thing to which the action belongs, both In an active and passive sense, or the means of attain- Ing what the verb exp"resses. -mentum . .. . . .. ... .... the means of attaining what the verb expresses. --bulom .. . ... .. . . .. . denote an Instrument or place serving --culom. a certa!n purpose in connection with the verb, culom being sometimes.con- tra<'ted Into ~ l o r n and then ~ 1 o m changing Into erom. -tram ... .. . . .... . . . . . . carr'es about the same meaning as -clom. - ... .. .. ....... .... when appended to the stem of a verb, -o. denote the subject of the action. -to .. .. ... . . .... . . ... . when appended to the stems of substan- tives, t-he new nouns express the ide!. of the trade to which a person be- longs. -iom . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. expresses the general effect of the verb and the place of the action. -lgo . .. ..... ... . . .. .... expresses a state or condition. -ldo .. .. .... ... . .. ... . expresses a state or condition. (2) From Substantives. --enos, -el!a, -ellum .. . appended only in words of first and se<'ond dec., which have e, ra, or an r in their term' natlons. -ulos, -ula, -olom, mean little, and are appended to the -culus, -cola, -culum. stem after the removal of the ter- mination of the obllque cases. Digitized by Goog le .. LATIN SYNONYMS. 87 ... . . are used when the termination of the primitive substantive is preceded by a vowel -illos, -ilia, -ilium . . .. more rare than the other forms for diminu:lves. -uncolos, a. om ......... puts on for on as found In words lfke sermo, ratio, etc -lorn .......... . ....... appended to noun-stems, It expresses an assemblage. When appended to ver- bal subsantlves in or, It denotes the place where. -arium ...... .. ........ denotes a receptace. --tum ................. appended to the names of plants, de- notes the p!ace where they grow in great number. -t:e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.ppended to names of animals, indi- cates the place In which they are kept. -ides . . ................ terminas belonging to masculfne pat- -as. -lades. ronymfrs, but both s and des are slm- plv secondary signs, the prfma17 be- ing given by the original name. -is ... . ................ femtnine terminal fo,. secondarit"'!. (S) From Adjectives. S In Jones, Marks, etc., and sin all p'u- rals !n Englfsh. and many other lan- .gua.ges is simply sign of the secondary extension of the primary concept. -itas .. . . . . ..... . ..... denotes tbe qualfty expressed by the adjPclve. Adjectives In -los makP subsant' ves In -tetas; those In stru; make them In staB . Digitized by Goog le sa LA TIN SYNONYMS. ""--a ..... abstract notion of the quallty expressed -W.. by the adjective. --tudo ............... denotes greater duration in quality than -itas. --edo .............. found In only few words. ~ m o a i a ............ abstract notion of quality; and !Ike -tudo denotes duration and pecul- Iarity of the qualLy more than -ela. Hence querimonla is a stronger term than quere:a. (1G2) NOUDS. ('708) Ades, 'army' ... .. ....... the battle line drawn up In form of a. ~ .. (lopiae, .. Exei"Citas, MOttes, " Vires, " wedge. . ........ . .. the army on the march. ............ troops In the collective capacity . ............ the army that has been drilled. ............ the Individual soldiers . . . . . . . . . . . forces as dynamic or effective powers. Epstula, 'letter' ......... . as writing sent to some one. Litera, " ............. as a letter of the alphabet. Llter&e, " ........... as something written. Ltterae, 'learning' ........ as knowledge expressed in writing. Doctrlna., u ........ as }{nowledge taught. Erudltl.o, " ........ as the means of mental and moral cu 1- ture . Ramanitas, .. . . . . . . . . as the refinement of education and taste. Cognttto, 'knowledge' ..... . subjective or static knowledge. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 89 Notitia, 'knowledge' . . .. ... general knowledge--all knowledge. Scient.ta. " . ..... pract:cal knowledge, illustrated In the world about us. Certamen, 'fight' .......... the effort to decide the contest In favor PDgllatio, " Pugilatus, " Pngna, " Proelimn, .. Dimicatio, .. of either party. .. . .. ..... the action of fighting, fight in progress. .......... the finished fight. ..... . .... general term for any kind of fight. ........ . . general term for a fight with arms . .......... actual battle In progress, arms gleam- Ing on both sides. Caput, 'chief' . . .......... as the most Important person or thing Prbnns, '' Princeps, " Praetectus, In any line of thlnk:ng. : . . ......... as the first In time or order. . . ..... . .... as the foremost whom others fol"ow. 'chief' ........ as having been made superintendent or temporary governor. Principe&, 'chiefs'. ........ as leading men In the state or com- munity. Proceres, " . ........ as nobles or princes of the r e a ~ m . Libel', 'free' .. .. ........ a man born free,-generosus Is better Llbertus, " ....... . .... one freed by h's master. Llbertlnus, 'free' . . ........ one socially and politically free. The dlst;nctlon be' ween llbertus and libertlnus is largely abandoned In post-Augustan Latin Dies, 'day' .... . .. . .. . . ... sing. fem often means a period of time; sing mas. usual!y 24 hours. Dies. 'days' . . .. . .. . ...... pl. mas., as always in pl., 24 hour pe- riods. Digitized by Goog le / 90 LATIN SYNONYMS. Talo8. 'dice' . ..... ... . .. four flat and two round sides. Tessaras, ' dice' .... . .. .... six flat sides. Aaxlliom, 'help' . . . .. . .... fr. aagere, hence what our strength. Sobsldlam, " .. ... . . ... aid near at hand and ready to be given. Adjomentom, 'help' .... . .. the means of help. ' Opera, 'help' .. , . . .. . . .. . . by effort. Praestdiom, 'he'p' . . .. ... . . as a shield from attack. Soppetiae, 'help' . .. . .. . . . present he!p of troops. Deos, 'gods' . . . .... . . .. : .. nature gods Dlvoa, " . .. .. . . . ... . .. . demigods or deified emperors. Lares, " . . ... .. .. . . ...... tutelary gods. Penates, 'gods' . . .. ... .... those gods that preside over the larder and provide food for 'the home. Nomen, " . .. . ... . .. . the d:vin' ty of the godhead, literally the nod or authority of a god. Poena, 'pun!shment' .. . . .. originally fine paid for murder, later any punishment. SuppJlctom, 'punishment' .. begging for pardon In the presence of the execueoner . Anlmadverslo, Castlgatlo, Damnum, Malta, Multatlo, Noxa, " .. .. " " .. . . censure, but used for capital punishment . . . as that which purifies or benefits. . . as by loss or Injury. . . originally a fine In cattle, later In money . . . the action of fining. .. as by the effect of Injury. Raptor, 'robber' . .. . . . .. . . one who takes by force anything bP may desire. The general term. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. Erept.or, 'robber' . . ... . . . . . the plunderer In large measure of goods or of liberty. Dlreptor, " . . ..... . . . pillager of the secondary class Fur, 'thief' ... ...... . ... . as one who takes any and every kind of thing be may desire. Latro, 'robber' . . . . ...... . one who lies In concealment . Pirata, Praedo, .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . p' rate, one who makes attacks on ships . . .. .. . . . .. . one who seeks booty of any kind. Amnia, 'river' .. . ... .. . .. as a generic, often used for the larger streams. Flumen, F:uvios, ToJTeus, Rivas, Rivulus, Amentia, Dementia, Furor, In santa, Rabies, Vecordia, Dom' natio, Dicio, Facnltas, Imperium, ' river' . ...... . . . any considerable flow of water. " .... .. . .... as the contrad"stlnction to noisy bodies of wa'er . .. . . . . . . . . . . as steaming, rusb' ng, boiling water. .. . .... ... . . as a brook or small stream of water or other fluids . .. . . . . . . . . . . rather a brooklet. ' madness' .. ... . . as a primary Idea, and hence general .. .. .. .. .. and comp'ete . . . . . . . . as a secondary Idea, and hence specific and partial. . ..... . as that !spired by the Furies. . . . . . as due to unsoundness, an excessiYe action of any faculty or appetite. . .. . ... as due to d!sease which has, as It w e r ~ seized upon us. . . .... . as due to senselessness . 'power' .. . .... as arb'trary or tyrannical government. " .. .. .. . . as authority due to terms of surrender. " . . . .. .. . . as the means of doing something. u .. ... as military command. Digitized by Goog le 92 LA TIN SYNONYMS. Potentia, 'power' .......... as actual and effective. Potestas, " ........ as standing power over persons or Regnam, Robur, Vis, .. .. .. nations . . . . . . . . . as kingly government . ........ as sta .lc or Internal strength . .... . ... as dynamic or available power. Homo, 'man' ............. as a human being, often used contemp- Vir, .. tuously. ............. as a man In contradistlnct:on to woman, as a hero with the dynamic vis visible In all his actions. Senectus, 'old age' ........ the state of a person who has passed Senium, .. through the other five stages of life . . . . . . . . . In Its weakness without any special thought of the success!ons. Josjurandum, 'oath' ....... as one taken before the law courts. " ....... as one administered to soldiers when they were enlisted. Gens, 'nation' ............ as taken by famllles. Natio, " . ........... as taken by descent from original families . Populus, .. . . . . . . . . . . . . as the political whole. Aes, 'money' ............. as copper, the basis of estimation, Argentum, 'money' ........ as silver co:n. Nommos, " ........ the regular silver currency, and as a Pecunia, sesterce about 4lh cents. " ...... as wealth, so called because the Ro- man's wealth consisted origlna ly or cattle. Digitized by Coogle .LATIN SYNONYMS. Custodia, 'guard' . .... . . .. as the action or condition of castos or Custodes. .. Excubfae. .. castodes. . ....... . as keepers of whatever may be en- trusted to them . . . . . . . . . as the action or condition of those who lie out of doors. Excubftores. " ..... . . . . as actual out of door guards. PraesfdJam. 'guard' .. ..... as an army just outside the city walls. Speculatores, '' . . . .. . . as those persons who are watching Statio, Vigllae. Vlglles. Vinculum. from towers. " . .. . . .. as a picket guard on the outposts. .. . . ... . . as the aet!on or condition of those awake. " . ...... as persons who are really awake. " ... . ... as a bolt for a door Dedecus, 'shame' . ...... .. as what is unbecoming any reasonable Flagittom. Infamia. lgnomJnla, Llbio. Pudlcltla, Pudor. Probrmn, Stupram. Turpltudo. .. .. .. .. .. " .. .. " being . . . . . . . . . . as a crime committed in the beat of passion . . . . . . . . . . as disgraceful and notorious. . ........ as the deprivation of one's good name. . .... .. . . as the act of a mere animal nature. . .. .. ... . shamefacedness or modesty . . ... .. ... the fee.llng of shame that comes to a pure nature . . . . . . . . . . any shameful, infamous deed. . . .. .. ... opp. of pudlcltla in the sense of im- modesty . . . . . . . . . . baseness belonging to low birth, as a condition common to the Turba. ADimus. ' mind' ... . ... .. . the whole Inner self, both . mind and heart. Digitized by Goog le 94 LATIN SYNONYMS. Genius, 'mind' .. .. ... ... slmp:y Inborn ability . logentam, .. :Mens, .. . . . . . . . . . . the Inborn ab111ty for outer productive- ness . . . . . . . . . . the power of thinking. Anima, Spil'itns, 'life' .. .. . . .. .. .. the basis for both spiritus and vita. Vita, u . the proof of inner anima. " . .. . . ...... . the outer proof of both anhna and animas, as connected with vis and vii'. Ol'bis terrarwn, 'earth' .... as the entire circle of lands. Tellus, 'earth' . .... . ...... the globe as to all Its limitations. " . . .... .. .. .. the land as distinguished from the Sol am, .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . the land as the productive portion of earth, or as what we call soU. Ager, 'territory' . ... .... . . as that which may be cultivated. OoJonla, " ... ... .. .. as that Into which colonists are sent. Fines, " ... . .. . .. . as the Imaginary boundar!es of land. Begio, u . . . . as any district wl distinct boundaries. Terra, " . .... . .... as 1and In ita widest sense. 'llenitorium, !territory' .. . . . as the land that belongs to a town or district of the country. Compos, 'master' ..... . ... as having control of one's own powers. Dominus, " ....... . . as a master or owner. DJnaste&, " .... .. .. . as a ruler or prince. Hems, " . . . .. .. .. as the head of a household Magister, " .. . . ... .. as a very general term for any one great enough for command. PatertamiUas, 'master' ... . as the head of both children and slaves, and the manager of business. Digitized by Goog le Princeps, TyrannliS, .. .. LATIN SYNONYMS. 95 .. .. as the ftrst man In the state. . . .. as a ruler In the most absolute sens<'. Ancnta, 'servant' ... ... .. . as a waiting-maid . Verna, .. . \ssecla, .. Famulus, Mauclpiwn, " )liulster, Puer, Servos, .. . . . . . . . . . as one born In the house, not bought . ..... ... . . as one who follows, a mere sycophant . The word being used In a contemp- tuous sense. . .. .. .. .. as one who serves, being part of familia. .. . . .... . as a slave that has been bought. ... .. .. . . as a helper In any business. .. .. . . ... as a young roustabOltt. . ... . . . . . as one bound for life and without poUt- lea. standing. Baculum, BacUlum, Caduceus, Clava, 'staff' . .. . ... . .. the cane on which one leans in walking. Fustis, Bas tile, Lito liS, Palos, Pedwn, Sclplo, " .. ... . . .. . a U t ~ l e staff or the lictor's statr. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . . .... a herald's staff, as was Mercury's. . . . . . . . . . . a knotty staff or cudgel, as was that of Hercules . . . : ... . .. . . the ordinary club or cudgel. . ... ...... staff of a spear, and sometimes the spear Itself . . . . . . . . . . . augur's staff, wh:ch was curved; and hence the word Is sometimes used for a clarion or curved trumpet . . . . . . . . . . . as a stake on which Roman recruits exercised their weapons . . . . . . . . . . . shepherd's staff. .... . ... .. carried before omcials, as was the scfpfo eburneus carried in triumphal procession. Digitized by Goog le 96 LA TIN SYNONYMS. Debftom, 'duty' .. . . . .... . as a debt due to any one . Monas, Oftlciom, Loeus, Partes, Pi etas, Provincia, Religio, Son, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . as a performance or function. . . .. . . .... as the whole body of one's (lutfes. . . .. ... . . . duty appointed. . ... .. . . . . the particular part or parts of service any one may have had alloted to him . . . . . . . . . . . filial duty, as to parents, country, or the gods . . . . . . . . . . . duty Imposed upon us. . . . .. . .. .. as that performed In obedience to con- science. " . .. .. . .... duty given by lot. Acles, Ocnlus, Vlsio, 'sight' .. . . . .. ... . . as the piercing power of .the eye. " .. . . ... .. .. . . as the whole power of the ere .. .. . .... .. ..... as the dlstingu!shlng power of the eye . Visas, " . ... .. ...... as the Image already formed on the retina. Videndl facnltas, 'sight' . .. as the simple power of performing the function of securing an Image. Capillus, Ooma, Crinis, 'hair' . ... , .. ... of the head. Pilus Is a single hair. " ... . . . ..... ot the head, but loose and flowing; of- .. ten used of the beard and of the tail of the comet and of the follase of trees, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . hair In bunches and busby. Adjntor, 'helper' . .. ... . . . but not an Inferior, usually one seleeted Adjutrix, Minister, .. .. as fully competent by experience. . . . ... . .. a fema' e helper, but not a servant. . ...... as an Inferior the min being the same stem as found In minus. Digitized by Goog le LA TIN SYNONYMS. 97 CooJugiom, 'marriage' . . . . as the union of husband and wife. Connublom, Matrimonium, Nuptiae, " . ... as the velllng of the wife for marriage. " . .. . as the state of a married womaJl. " .... as all the preparations and ceremonies connected with the marri-age. Jus Connubii, " . .. . as the legal privilege of marriage. Procella, 'storm' .... . . . ... as that which Is driving forward. Tempestas, 'storm' .. .. . .. . as Immoderate weather conditions. Turbo, u .. . .... . as a whirlwind In Its fury. Gradns, 'step' .. . . . . .. ... . as any single movement of the foot up or down or forward or back$rd. Gressus, " ... .. .. ... .. as continuous walking. Passus, " ............ as the measure ot a step, but wbat the Roman called a passus as a measure In length was really two full steps, making ftve teet. Effigies, 'likeness' . .... . .. that which brings the within or the .. Imago, .. hidden outward . . . . . . . . . that which represents the outline of an object. . . . ..... a likeness which reveals all the tea- tures Figura, lnstar, t ' " ..... . . . simply the external shape. .. . ... . . as the equal of an object. Pi eta, Pictura, Similitudo, Signum, Slmalacrum, Statua, Tabula, .. .. .. .. .. . ....... as that which Is painted. . . . ..... the surface form of a painting. .. .. ... . the apparent sameness of features . . ..... . . especially of the gods, but often repre- senting as a symbol what cuutet be represented in any form. 'likeness' .. ... but only an lmperfeet as the statue of a god . .. .. . . . . . the Image of a man as set up In a pub- lic place . . . . . . as a panel on which there Is a painting. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS . . \&pectus, 'view' ...... ... . Umit of vision, power of vision, or mere appearance. ConspectuM, 'view' . . . . .... our full sight of anything physical ot mental. Despectus, .... .. .. a downward view upon anything ma- terial or moral. Prospeetus, ... . . . .. our out ook upon anything In the dis- tance. OppugnaUo, ' siege' . .. .. . . . as a moat furious storming of fort or Obsessio, Obs!dinm, Obsldio, Aegrltudo, Aegrotatio, Oontagio, Lues, Morbu, Pestllentia, Valetudo, Vomitus, .. .. .. city . . . ..... . as the present act of a siege. ... .. .. . the general term for the condition of a siege . . . . . . . . the active operation of a siege ln. any or all Its 'sickneu' . . .... state or condition of body or mind. " . .. .. . continuance of any disaffection of .. .. " .. .. body or mind . . . . . . . cause of disease, as by contact with persons . . . . . . . as a widespread, and hence af- fecting many . . . . . . . specific disease, the word being genera! for any one form of disease. .. . ... an Infectious rather than a contagious disease. .. .. . . a state of Ill-health rather than real s!ckness . . . . . . . as that which proves revulsion of the stomach to any of Its contents. Ager, 'country' . . . ... . .. . or open -land as opposed to the city. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 99 Patria, 'country' .......... our fatherland. Reglo, " .......... as that which Is under control. Ros, .......... as simply out of' town. (-'onsclentia, Fides, RelJgio, 'conscience' . .. as a consciousness of right and wrong. " .. . as the keeping of one's word " ... as a conscientiousness of one's duty or responsiblllty. Finis, "boundary' ........ from flndo, 'cut,' and hence the imag- .. Terminus, inary line between countries or any boundary things that are to be distinguished from one another . . . . . . . . . a secondary to finis, and indicating a section line rather than the outs!de boundary. ........ may represent a real line, but Is rather the stone set up as a boundary cor- ner. Granum, 'grain' .......... a grain or seed of any plant. Frument111D, 'grain' ....... harvested grain. Fromenta, 'grains' ........ on the . .. \.nnouae, " ..... . .. yearly crop of grain. Donom, 'gift' ............ what is given as a mere present, no particular merit or service consid- ered. Munus, " ............ as an affectionate service or favor. Praeminm, 'gift' .......... as a reward of merit . . lm.ttinus, 'cousin' ........ a child of a mother's brother or a father's sister. Consobrlni, 'cousins' ...... of sisters. Patrueles, " ........ children of brothers. Rohrinl, " ........ children of consobrinl, second cousins. Digitized by Coogle 100 LATIN SYNONYMS. 'place' .......... open p ~ a c e not occupied with buildings, CampU8, Locus, Propatulum, Pagus, Regfo, Vestibulum, Vicos, Sedes, ..
field in middle of town . . . . . . . . . . . free, open place, but larger thaD an area. ... .. ... . . position which something occupies 'place' ....... in front of a dwelllng house, open and unroofed. " . ...... a village or district, the boundaries of " " " " which have been agreed upon . . . . . . . . a district under governmental control. ... : .. . entrance court to home or temple or sepulcher or other place which has larger space . . . . . . . . a vlllage as a quarter of town or city. ... .... natural pos1tlon or seat for person, but:ding, etc. Spatlum, 'space' . ......... Dorian spadion for stadion ( ?) , exten- sion In length and breadth, spat by prosthesis for pat in pateo, 'extend.' Curriculum, 'space' . . . .. .. space for a race. Crimen, 'charge' .......... of crime, crimination or accusation. Delictum, 'crime' ......... properly a delinquency or fallure to Facio us, Flagitinm, Maleftcium, Netas, Scelus, perform one's obllgations. '' . .. ...... any deed, good or bad, but generally used for a vlllainy. " . . ... .... shamefu1, disgraceful crime against morals, and therefore punished by some nations secretly. ' " ......... a general term tor any wrong action. ......... a crime against the laws of the gods. " .......... an Infamous crime, as of that commit- ted against the laws of one's country. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 101 Connetudo, 'custom' . . .... as that to which we have been long lnstltntum, .. Moe, .. Usas, .. and hence as something well established . . . . . . . as having been established, but more local and peculiar in character . . . . . . . as the will or wish of Individuals ex- pressing their preference for this or that fashion In speech or manner of life ...... as the practice of individuals or the experience of one or many. Erl'tns, 'death' .......... as the going out from home or off Interitns, Letom, Mors, Nex, Obltns, .. .. " .. .. .. stage, and hence as an absence from the scene of former activity . . . . , . ..... as the boundary between the present and future. . ......... as the destruction, or annihilation of persons and things. .......... death as a out, fr. lere, 'to de- stroy. .......... as from naural causes . . ... .. .... v!oent death as a penalty . ... : .. .... as a departure In the sense not of going out of a house, but of meeting an enemy or of going down, as the sun. Cora, 'care' .. . ...... . .... opp to negligentia, and hence living and acting with considera:!on of all duties and respons"b!Ut!es. Dlligentla, 'care' .......... with respect to one or more objects that require choice of attention. So'Hc'tudo, 'care' .. .. ..... as anx'ety with regard to any person or thing that Is of interest to us. Prodentla, .. ........ as wise fGres!ght . Digitized by Coogle 102 LATIN SYNONYMS. Qooa.tus, 'effort' ........ .. use of all one's powers in doing any- Industria, Contentio, Labor, Pen sum, Opera, Opus, Stadium, Nisus, .. .. .. .. .. " .. .. thing . . . . . . . . . . . persistent effort. . .. . .. .... effort In speak:ng . ....... . . . effort a ~ tended with dlfllculty . ....... . .. a task, as something weighed out . .......... an effort In any direction. . . . ...... . finished work, as a book. .......... fixedness of purpose In pursuit. . . ........ strugge as that of an athlete. ~ Digressio, 'going away' .... the action in progress. Digres!IOS, " " .... a finished actlon, a digression already Discessio, Discessus, .. .. .. .. made. .... the action in progress . . ... a finished action, a separation already made. Amicolom, 'garment' ...... as a cloak or mantle, by which any- Vestis, " Vestimentom, " Vest:tus, u thing may be covered . . . . . . . the clothing, any artie" e of clothing. ...... one garment . . . . . . . everything In the way of clothes. Gens, Genus, Stirps, 'stock' ... . .. ...... several families connected by birth. " ... .. . ...... as descendant of any one family. " ..... ..... . . as the original head of the family Ardor, 'fire' .. .. ... ...... . as a general term for whatever exhibits the Inner heat of actual fire or zeal or love. Flamma, 'fire' . . .. . . ... ... as the blaze which spreads Itself. Ignis, " ............ as rather the essence of all heat. Incendiwd; 'fire' . ... ... ... as a conflagration that has been started from the outside of building or other body. Scintillae, " .......... as the sparks that .fty off, faint traces Digitized by Goog le Existlmatio, Opinio, Dogma, Deci-etum, JndJciom, Sententla, Praeceptum, LATIN SYNONYMS. 'opinion' ..... . as an estimation still in progress. " ...... as the way in which one sees anything. " ...... as a philosophical fact that bas been taught. " .. .... as a principle discovered or that has .. .. .. out of facts already estab- llshed . . . . . . . as according to power of judgment. . ..... as one has perceived relations. . ..... as a precept worthy to be received from a teacher. Conventio, 'treaty' .. .. .... action of agreement, but not binding Conventus, .. Foedus, .. Pactio, .. Pactum, " . Sponsio, .. by law . . . . . . . . finished act of agreement, but not blnd- ingbY law . . . . . . . . . alliance sanct!oned by senate and peo- pe. .. the making of a legal contract between contending parties. ........ the con between contending part'es . . ....... the action of two generals looking to ratification, but not yet ratified by the states which the generals rep- resent. Catena, 'band' .......... as a crowd or troop; company of actors; chorus Cohon, " ......... as the tenth part of a Roman legion. Globus, .. Grex, .. Manus, .. . ... ..... . as a mass of people, or as any large globe. . ....... .. more limited than globus; often an as- sociatlon. .......... any body of men act' ng together, as bands In the accomplishment of ser- vice. Digitized by Goog le lOt LATIN SYNONYMS. Adve...,...;as, 'enemy' .. . . .. at law, as one who meets us on any one HoeUa, .. Inim1cus, .. issue, his way or method opposed to ours. . ... .. a public enemy, originally a and hence one having little regard for our interests . . . . . . . a private enemy, as being hostile or harmful to us or to our highest good. Ac.IDaces, 'sword' ... . .. ... Persian sword, short, but having two Bnsta, Gladius, Mucro, .. .. .. edges. . .. ...... a long sword for fighting at a distance . . . ... . .. . a short sword for fighting close at hand. . ... ... . . as the sharp point of any weapon . Basta, 'dart' .... .. ... . .. . a spear for piercing or hurling by hand and with strap attached to bring it back. Jaculam, 'dart' .. . .. . .. .. . a dart to be thrown, but not with er- PUum, Tel om, Verutom, " " " " of its return . . . . . . . . . . . a short javelin for the infantry. .... .. . . .. a dart for offensive warfare, which may be thrown against the enemy at reasonab'e distance . . . . . . . . . . seems to have been used to str:ke and then drag . . . . . . . . . . but more like basta, from its piercing effects. HervttJum, 'slavery' . . .. . . . as the service which a slave performs. Servitudo, " . ...... . as the sate In which a slave ls Servltu.s, " . . . . . ... as the fact or realization of one who has been made a slave. Cervix, 'neck' . . .. . . .. . . . as the back part of the neck. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 106 OOUam, 'neck' . . . .. .... . . as the entire connection of head and body .
Gula, .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . as the passway through the neck. . .. .. .. .. .. as the tube or the solid part around the passway. Pattentia, ' endurance . . . . . as a condition of body or mind or Perpeeslo, .. Toleranda, .. Toleratto, .. . . . . . . as the present laborum feeling of dolorum or . . . . . as the condition of body or mind or spirit from the taking upon ouP- selves burdens . . . . . . as the capacity for bearing the' bur- dens. Cautes, Ropes, Saxum, 'rock' ........ . . . . rock to be avoided, fr. caverte, 'beware.' " .... .. .. . ... steep, broken rock, fr. rompere, 'break.' " . . .. . .. ... .. any mass of stones detached from Seopulu, " Silex, " clltrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . dangerous rocks In the water, . .. . . .. .. . . . hard, flinty or basalt. Consp'ratores, ' conspirators' . those In the business of do' ng secret work against the government. Conjuratl, . " .. ..... those who have sworn to do against government or Its. omcta!s. Dux, general' . ... .. . . ... . as a leader of bands. Imperato!', ' general' . . . .... as a commander with authority. Iter, 'road' .. . .. .. .. . . . .. a route through the country, but not a prepared via. Semita. 'road' . . .. . ....... as only a foot path. Via, " .. . ... . . .. .. as a main road or thoroughfare through the city or country. Digitized by Goog le 106 LATIN SYNONYMS. Daps, 'feast' ............. the sacrificial feast or an expensive feast. Convivium, 'feast' . . ...... the being together, the enjoyment of Epulae, Epulum, Ooeua, " .. soc!ety, w:th eating and drinking as a secondary consideration. " ........ the actual banquet, with the eating and drinking as a primary consideration . . . . . . . . . as a solemn or public banquet. ........ as the chief meal of the Romans, which was taken after the bU'Biness of the day 'joy' .......... subjective or static joy. Gaudium, Dolcedo, Laetit.fa, Luxuria, Delectatio, " Deliciae, " " ........... sweetness or anything that pleases. " ........... the expression of joy. ........... the joy that belC>ngs to reveling. ........... the action of joy,-joy In progress. ........... the object of joy. Oblectatio, " Voluptas, " Hllarltas, " ........... primary, and therefore generic joy. ........... the sensation of joy. ....... . ... abound:ng joy as shown in expression or action . Suavitas, .. . . . . . . . . . . . agreeableness to the taste Otium, 'rest' ............ ( opp. of negotium), from outside Pax, Quiea, business. " ............ absence of any conftlct. " ............ absence of acuv:ty, often for sleep. Requ'es, " ............ refreshing rest, re' representing contin- uance or abundance of rest. Tranquilitas, 'rest' ........ undisturbed rest. Animus, Andacia, Ferocia, 'courage' ........ as the spirit of greatness. " ........ as the eagerness wi'h which we under- take good or bad service . .. . . . . . . . . as the of the wild beast. Digitized by Coogle LATIN SYNONYMS. 107 Fortitudo, 'courage' . ... . . . as the state of one who bears much. Temerltas, " . . .. . . . . courage that runs to fool-hardiness. Virtu, " . . . .. . .. outer proof of Inner worth. 'informer' . . . . . . .. who carried to the authorities all he Index, " Inquisitor, ,, learned. . .. . . .. as one who points out or discloses as far as he knows persons or places to be watched. . .. .. ... one who makes It his business to search out everythlng that may seem hostile to the ruler or the government. Mandus, ' world' . . .... . .. . as the Greek kosmos, the orderly ar- rangement of all the universe. Rerum Natura, 'world' . . .. as the natural of all things. Orbls, " . ... as the circular form of the world Tel"'"ae, " .. . . as the dry land of all the world. Tempestas, 'time' .. .... .. . season, as spring, suD1mer, etc. Tempus, " . .. ... .. any length of time. Commodum, 'gain' . . . . . . .. as an advantage just to suit. Compendium, .... .. as savings. " . . . .. . opp. of detrfmen'tum. Fructus, " ...... as natural Lucrum, " .... . . opp. to damnum. Merees, " . . . .. . as by wages. Praeda, " . . .. .. as by booty . Praemlum, Pret'um, Quaestus, " " " . . . . . . as a pr' ze. . .. . .. as by vaues. ..... . as by A.ppellatlo, 'name' . . .. . . . . the tft'e or what somebody calls you. Nomen, " 0 fr. D<kcere, cknow,' and he'lce what is we!l known. Your real name. Digitized by Goog le 108 LATIN SYNONYMS. Lucas, 'grove' ... ... .. . . . . sacred grove, consecrated wood. Nemus, " . . .. . .. .. ... a wood with glades and pasture lands for horses and catt.e. DlgnitaB, 'worthiness' . . . . . as a condition fit to receive all that Is best . HoaestaB, lntegritas. Praestaatia, i .. .. " . . . . . as a state resulting from the oftlce one holds. ... . . as completeness of character . . ... . ail pre-eminence from numerous virtues. Fonnido, ' fear' ...... .... the fear that makes the hair stand up Hori'OI', Ignavla, Metus, Pallor, Pavor, Terror, Timor, Trepidatio, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. as stubb e in a harvest field . . . . . . . . . . . the fear that mekes one shake. . . .. . . . .. . Inborn cowardice. . .. .. . .. .. mental fear arising from foresight. . .. . . .. . . . whiteness of the face from sudden fear. . ... . ..... arising from loss of hope or resources. . . . . ..... . the fear that seems to dry up one's blood . . . . . . . . . . . bodily fear from danger Immediately before us . . . . . . . . . . . the fear that causes restless movements. Verecundia, 'fear' .. .... .. . as reverence causing modesty, humility Aedes sacra, Aedicula. neubi'UJD, Fan om, or bashfu'ness. 'temple' .. . .. . as the sacred house of some god. u ... ... as a small bulldlng, the temple ot a .. .. god abstractly considered as that of victory . . . . . . . as the place for expiatory sacrifices. . . . .. as the place where oracles may be given out by the god who inhabl ts the tem- p' e .
Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS . . 109 Sacrarium, 'temple' .... .... . as the place where sacred thi'ngs are Sacellum, .. Templum, .. kept. . .... . as a small shrine or place to some deity . . . . . . . as the place dedicated to a particular deity. Fas, 'right' .. . .......... . as In the sight of the gods. Aeqtiitas, 'righ t' . . . . . . . ... a quality inherent in a person or thing. Jus, Justitia, Lex, .. .. .. ... .. .. ... as commo:1 to humanity, both natu- ral and divine. . ...... . .. the virtue ltse f and the love of it . .... .. : . . . the written law as opposed to customs . Netas, 'wrong' . ......... . as always wrong, because wrong In the sight of the gods. Damnum, " ... . ... . . . . as Injury or loss, being given as a pun- Ishment. Injuria, " .. ....... .. as contrary to both natural and divine law. Iniqtiitas, " ..... . . .. .. as contrary to reason, absolute unfair- ness. Culpa, 'fault' . . .. .. . ... .. fault of the will. Vitium, " ...... . ..... fault of the nature. Arrogantla, 'pride' . ...... . bad pride, assumption. Contomacia, " .... . .. . puffed up pride. Fastidium, " .... . . . .. contempt-dealing pride. Fastus, " . ...... . scorn-showing pride. lnsolentia, " . .. ..... extraordinary pride, Insolence. Spiritus, " ... .. . .. high spirit, inner pride that shows in actlng the superior toward others Superbia, " .. .. ... . haughtiness wh!ch says, "I am supe- rior." Digitized by Goog le
110 LATIN SYNONYMS. 'teacher' . ... ..... Inventor or founder of some system. Auctor. Doctor. Explicator. Expositor. Inatruetor Magister. u ... .. one who has been taught. " .. .. .. . . . . ... one who unfolds some system. .. ... .... one who sets forth the principles of a system . . . . . . . . . . one who builds up his students on prin- cip:es . . . . . . . . . . one who Is a leader or director In edu- cation . Praeceptor, " . . . . . . . . . one who teaches beforehand arts worthy to be used . Professor. " . . . . ' .... . a public teacher,-late Latin. 'wall' .... .. ..... wall of clay, etc., around gardens, vine- yards, etc. l'loenla, Maras, Paries, " ....... .. .. of a city for defence. " . .... . .. . . general name for outside wall. " . ... .. . . . . partlt!on In a bulldlng or between houses. Parletlllae, " . .... ... .. ruins of old houses. Propagnacula, 'wall' . . .. . .. wa'ls for keeping the enemy away from maras. Societas, 'friendship' .. .. .. association or business that Is common, but not home (',ommanitas, 'friendship' .. '1. closer relationship than societas re- quires, but still home is not com- mon . Famillarltas, .. Amlcltia, " Comitatus, .. . friendship like that of the fami'y, but each member claiming certa!n things as his own . . . re!atlonshlp In which all property rights are common. The Greek pro- verb had It amicorum ease commanJa omnia . . ns companionship in travel . Digitized by Goog le AI'S, Lex, llodus, Norma, LATIN SYNONYMS. 'rule' . . . .. . . .... . as a <.heory to be tested. . .. .. . .. .. . us a written law for conduct. " .. . .... . . . as a method of procedure. .. .. . . .. . .. .. originally the carpenter's square measuring angles, and hence an curate rule. 111 for ac- J>raeceptum, 'rule' . . . .. . . . a rule announced beforehand, so that act!on may be reasonably correct . Praescriptum, " . . . . . . . . a rule written beforehand, so that ac- :ion may be in accord with the rule . . . . . . . . . a general term for any kind of method, manner or way, by which anything may be done . Ratio, Regula, .. " . . . . . . . . originally any straight stick, by which exact lines could be drawn. Alea, 'bird' . . . .. .... . ... . bird bcause of its wings. Ana, " . . . . ...... . . . . general term, from which we get aviary. Volucris, 'bird' ..... ... .. bird because It flies. Voltur, " .. .. .. .... . fr volltare, the bird that often fttest to get supplies. Genus, 'manner' ... . . .. . .. way of proceeding, argumentandl genus. Oonsuetudo, 'manner' .. ... as custom or habit. Modus, " . . . .. mode or guide, modus operandi. Ratto, " .. . .. any way that may be thought of. Rltus, " .. . .. instinctive habit of animals. Via, " . .... a road, a sure method. Facies, Figura, Forma, Species, 'form' .. . .... . . . .. surface view. " . .. . . .. . . . . . profile, from ftngo, 'to shape.' " . .... body outltne; often used for shoe-last. " . .. . . .. .... . form, but may be only imaginary, an Ignis fatuus. Specimen, " ... .. .. . .... a pattern by which the reaf may be known. Digitized by Goog le 112 LATIN SYNONYMS. Acumen, 'trickery' ........ cunning that misleads, ~ m a k e s the Frans, Fraudatio, Do:us, .. .. .. Circumscriptio, Fallacla, worse appear the better reason." ........ damage by trickery . ........ the act of doing a wrong. . ....... Injury by deceit, as "one thing pre- tended and another done," Dolus Is stronger than traus. 'trickery' .. winding one up in a contract " . general term for any trick in word or act that can deceive or mislead an- other. Concillum, 'council' .. ..... the men who have come together for Consilfum, Consultatlo, Dellberatlo, counsel. 'counsel' ...... the deliberation of the council. u ... the ace on of deciding what Is best. " ...... the action of weighing in the balances the opinions expressed as to the best. Onns, 'burden'. . . . . . . . . . that which can be borne by man or .animal. Moles, Sarcina, .. .. ........... heavy and shape'ess and oppressive. . ... . ...... but what we call a bundle, package, luggage. Desidia, 'indolence' ... . ... as exhibited in sitting when work is to Ignavia, Inertia, Pigritla, Pfgritles, Segnitla, Segntties. .. .. .. .. be done . . . . . . . . as shown by listlessness . ....... as an aversion to labor . as a dlslncl:nation to effort. . ...... as shown by always being behind, fol lowing, never leading. Aura, 'favor' ....... . .... unre'iable favor. Favor, " ............ helpfu'ness, encouragement from the more powerful. Digitized by Coogle LA/l'IN. S:YNONYMS. 11:3 GrMJa, 'favor' ....... . .. .. grace, pleasure to both giver and, re- ceiver. Stadium, " .......... from the lower toward the higher. V.enia, " ... favor 84 pleasur? to the reeel.,.Jl. Alleoatlo, 'estrangement' .. in teellng, but leading to. actual, eep,- aratlon . Dlsjunctlo, .. . ln. fact, and may be the result of allenatio. Dumetum, 'thicket' .... . .. as denoting the place where thorn- bushes grow. Fr.atlcetum, " ... . as denoting the place. where sbn or other bushes grow. Locos sentibus obsitas, 'thicket' ... , ... . ..... . as a place planted with brleDJ; Caatlo, 'caution' .......... keeping away from danger. Cllalve Provisio, .. canem . . . . . . . . . . tlhe action of. seeing- ahead. . ~ ! .,., to avoid. Provldentla, 'caution' ..... the act which has been performed over and over again by all the wise. men of the world from the moet. .u.tant ages . Prudentla, .. . often used for knowledge of aQS> 'Ju}l,. ject, a kind of sagacity. Abundantfa, 'abundance' ... as of supplies whenever or wherever found . Oopfa, . . . a collection. already mtu&t, Adulatlo, 'ftattery' ........ fawning as a dog. Ambltlo, " ........ effort to gain fa von .. Assentatlo, 'ftattery' ...... assenting to everything, another. B a l i ~ . Bland;mentum,. 'ftattery' ... the thing presented as a bait. Digitized by Goog le lU Blaaditia, Memoria, LATIN SYNONYMS. 'flattery' ... the abstract idea of flattery as express- ed over and over in any part of the world . .. . . following the beck and call of another . 'memory' ..... .. the abstract and general term for the .. facu1t7 and for the remembrance of anything past . . . . : . . . the action of bringing back what for the time being we have not in mind; our recollection. OoaCOI"dia, 'agreement' ... : a heart to heart conditlon of agree- ment . .. .. Pax, .. .. . . . . the action of being harmonious . . ... all separate acts of agreement taken together . . . . . agreement between two parties to a contract . . . . . a statle of oneness of mind about any plan or work. Urbs. 'dtJ' .. . .. . ...... . . as one surrounded b7 a ring wall. K1Ulldptam, 'city' ... .. ... a free city that bas received the jUR civile Remanum. Opptdam, " . ...... a fortified city, the fortification serv- ing as a hindrance (ob) to the foot (ped)_ Olvttaa, 'state' . . . .. .. .. .. . as composed of citizens. RepabUca, '&tate' . . . . . . . . . government, laws and property of a country. Pradeatla, 'wisdom' ... .. .. seeing and preparing beforehand. 8 z I..U., " ... . ... good sound sense on all subjects, as the essense of all experience. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 116 Al1llllllu, 'son' ........... forter-son, one cared for and educated as a son, but not a son by birth. FWolas, " ........ a little son, but not grandson, as the Frenchman wou!d think Filiu, " ....... general term for son by birth, and al- ways as leg!timate. Natus (gnatus) 'son' . . a son by birth, but not necessarily legitimate. Gener, " ...... a son-In-law. Prlvlgnaa, " ...... a step-son. Libert, 'children' . . .. sons and daughters. Aqut!a, Signum, 'standard' ........ the eagle of the legion. " ........ a national emblem, back of which were VexOlum, .. principles . . . . . . . . a ftag, large or small, fr. v ~ e r e , 'to carry,' was used by any one of the smaJ:er commands. Vobaeratio, 'Injury' ....... as the action of giving wounds, general Saoctatlo, .. term . . . . . . . . as the action of wotindiqg with a sharp instrument and so shedding blood. Detrimentum, 'Injury' .... . an injury, if it be only a rub or a bruise . Injuria, .. lncommodum, .. Damnum, .. Malum, .. Valnos, .. Noxla, " I . . . . . whatever is contrary to ordinary right. ..... as a mere Inconvenience . . . .. as a loss or a fine. . .. as a common evil. ... as the general term, any considerable break to the body . . . . . . as any fault, offence or crime. BiUB, 'anger' .......... .. connected with a disordered liver. lndlgnatfo, 'anger' . ... as the expression of contempt f-or an unworthy action or v111ainous per- son. Digitized by Goog le 116 LATIN S Y N O N Y ~ . IN. "anger' ........ general term for any kind of rage. Iracuudia, .. Stomachus, .. ........ anger in waves from one who Is natu- rally given to wrath. ........ as the whole inner man breaking out in violence upon some object of wrath. Ars, 'teaching' .......... as a theory, facultaa being used for the practice. Discipllna, 'teaching' ...... as rather that which Is to be learned. Doctrina, " .... as that which ls to be taught . Eruditio, lnstitutio, Pneeeptum, Praeceptio, Protessio, .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . as the action of bringing out of a rude state Into a polished or polite condi- tion . . . . . . as by arranging principles and using methods . . . . as & single lesson . .... as by giving lessons in parts or by prin- ciples . . . . . . . public teaching . Caespes, 'sod' ............ from caedo, sod and earth disunited . Glaeba, .. . . . . . . . . . . . connected with globus and glomus, sod and earth united. Lux, 'light' ............. fr. Ingere, as that which gives light or whiteness. Lumen, 'light' .......... the most general term for every kind of light. V.appa, 'wine' .......... sour wine. Vinnm 9 . " any kind of wine,-the general term. Merom, " ............ not diluted with water. Digitized by Goog le LA TIN SYNONYMS. 117 Fructus, 'fruit' . . ......... fruit of the tree . Frux, Pomum, " .. . . . . . . . . . . . fruit of the earth. . . .. . .. . ... any one kind of fruit of a tree. Advocatus, 'patron' .. . .... one ca'led as an advocate or witness Amator, eon:Wtor, Cnltor, Fautor, Patron us, Praese8, ..
.. ... .. " in any legal process. ... . . .. as one who loves and therefore helps sua sponte. . . .. .. as one who gives advice. . . .. ... as one who supports in every way his cllents or friends . . as one who favors h!s friends. . ... as one who supports a body of clients. ... as a protector of cllents. Qlientela, 'patronage' ...... as cllentship, the relation of the weaker to the stronger. Patrocinium, 'patronage' . . as a defence in a court of law Praesidium, " . . as the protection of cllents or as a guard to ward otr enemies from the city. Agrlcultura, 'farming' .... . the business of farming. Agrlcaltlo, " . . .. . the action ot farming. Asylum, 'refuge' . ..... . . from the Greek, and means 'freedom Perfug'um, Praesidium, Portus, from the right of seizure.' " . .. ... ... a place ot perfect safety. " ... . .. . . as tbat which protects as would sol- .. diers . . . . . . . . . as a harbour for ships endangered by storms. Retaglam, " . ....... as a place for retreat when overcome. Receptaculum, 'refuge' ... as the place !nto which those who ftee may be received. Digitized by Goog le 118 Reeessas, 8eceanls, LATIN SYNONYJIS. 'refuge' .... aa a place In which one already Jlvee because it baa become his retreat . . . . . aa a pace of retirement from the heat of summer. 'means' ............ in any form or ldnd,-general term. " ................ collection of means of any kind. Aee alfenam. 'debt' ........ because of being another money, which baa been borrowed. Bee eredltae, " ........ will apply to any account for sundries may be money, may be goods. etl' Debltam, " .... any debt for anything. Pecuala debita, 'debt' ... the money that is due. eoIatto, 'tax' ............ special levy. Onera, " regular yearly taxes. Tribatum, 'tax' ...... . d!rect tax. Veetfgal, " ... indirect tax. 'advantage' ...... as either material or moral. Bon am, Casas, Commodam, Commodltas, Emolamentam, Tern pas, ll'raetas, LuCI'DDl, PotestaB, UtlUtu, Occaslo, Opportunitas, " .... as an opportunity falllng In one's way. 'advantage' aa a convenience in time, place or manner. .. aa a state or condition of something . .. as the resu!t of effort. .. as to seasonableness, the right time . .. as to gain by growth .. as that which has been saved . .. as an opportunity given to another per- son. .. as a state or condition for use . .. as a favorable moment for action . .. as a position reached, being always 'at the port.' Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 119 Dispendlam, 'expense' .. .. as that which is gone from lmpendfam, " ..... as that which inheres In a transaction. Impensa, " .... as that which has been met In a trans- Samptus, .. action . . . . . . as costs lnc!dent to one's life under any circumstances. Modus, 'satiety' .......... as a limit which has been reacbed. Satletas, " ....... : .. as a state ot appetite brought to a standstill . Satarltas, .. . . . . ; .. .. . as a state of act.ual fulness. Domas, 'home' .......... as a dwelling-place for the family, in- cluding outbul'dlngs and garden. Domicillum, 'home' ... ... . as a place for residence. Sedes, " ....... as a building. Moltitudo, Plebs, Vu'gus, Populus, 'people' ........ the peop'e as a mass In general. Paedagogus, Nutrtx, " : ........ the common people, "so many of " ... .' .... the people as the lower class. " ........... the peop!e as free-born citizens. 'servant' ..... one who cared for the boys on tbelr .. way to and from school and at bome . . . . . . one who cared for the girls to and from the school and at home. Audacia, 'boldness' .... ... natural boldness Aodf"'ltfa, " . assumed boldness. <Jou1ldentia, 'boldness' ..... boldness because of faith In self and others. Exordium, 'beginning' ..... of a speech. lnttlum, " .... as an entry Into any su-bject, work, or Pr'nefpfum, Prhnordfnm, .. .. way . . . . . . as the first thing taken up. . .... as the real first In any work or wa,-. Digitized by Goog le l'lt LATIN SYNONnfS. J'JuletiUO, 'beginning' ..... as the act of taking up a subject. IDceptaJD. " . .. as the thing first undertaken. Prima (nocte), 'beginning' . as the first part of the night. Primo .(Ye.pere) " as the first part of the evening. IDeaate (...ere) " . at the very entering in of spring. NMo (vere), Prima (fabala) OrtaB. .. " " . as the new portion of spring . . as the Brat part of the story. 88 the rising of sun or moon or stars. Blemeata, 'beginnings' .... 88 the first things to be learned or con- sidered . .. IDcanabala, .. . . . . . as the lowest and simplest things to be tried .... as the mere swaddling-clothes of any subject. Clllftnen, 'poem' ...... . ... pure Latin from ~ o . 'sing,' a lyric poem . .. . . . . . . . . . Greek word for a lyric poem . Pietas, 'piety' ... . .. .. . . .. erga deum et parentes. Rellglo, " .. ... . .. . ... religious feeling. 8anctttaa, 'piety' .... . . . ... holiness of life. SancUmon!a, 'piety' .. . . . . . virtuous sentiment. Oollstantia, Patlentta, 'constancy' .. . fixedness of purpose. Peneverantla, Pervicacla, Perpetnltas,.. Fides, Ficlelttas, " ... simple endurance of whatever Is our " " ..
" lot . . . . . eont:nuous activity in any undertaking. ... n n a ~ e persistency or obstinacy. . . . unlnterupted continuance . ... as in keeping one's word . . . . as a condition or state of always doing the right. Digitized by Goog le Continentia, Castitu, Castbnonla, Temperaatia, LATIN SYNONYMS. 121 'continence' ... as holding with a ftrm band the reins " " " on our appetites and passions . . . . abstinence from sensual pleasure. ... bodily or moral purity .. In praetermlttendis volnptatibus eer- nltnr.-Cic. Petnlantia, 'capriciousness'. opp. pndor, as Inconstantia, " as ftck'eness, the change behig crafty. Varietas, " . as changeableness, the change coming Inftdelltas, Levit as, Mobllitas, "
.. often . . as not keeping one's word. . as llghtbeadedness, lightheartedness. . as capable of being moved by every wind of doctrine. Mutabllitas, .. . as capab e of being changed from one to another purpose. Aetas, 'time' ............ any time of life. Aevam, Saecalum, Tempus, " ............ often means one generation, and some- times even eternity. 'time' .......... an age, an indefinite period of time. " .......... a ftxed period of time. UJtor, 'avenger' .......... punisher of Injuries. Vlndex, " .......... against wrong. Ora, ............ steep land bordering on the sea, Fr. Lltus, Ripa, Al'ena, .. .. .. os, 'the mouth.' ............ land bordering on the sea, Fr. Uno, 'smear.' ............ of a running stream . ......... simply the sandy part. Aegrotatio, 'sickness' ...... sickness now affecting the person. Morbus, ...... disease that Is more or less chronic. Digitized by Goog le 122 LATIN SYNONYMS. Ne,ottum, 'thing'. . . . . . . . business of any kind, opp. of otlum. Res, Factum, .. .. . ..... , ... any object or subject In the universe. . ........ something already done, a fact. Donum, 'gift' ........ as that which Is intended to be a pres- ent. Munus, .. . ......... as that which has been promised. Praemlam, 'gltt' .......... as that which has been purchased by service. Croor, 'blood' ........... the heavier clotted blood. SangaJs, " ............ the lighter running blood. Comes, 'companion' ...... traveling companion, but not under ob- Con viva, Socius, Sodalls, Argamentatfo,
, Documentam, Argumentum, Indicium, Ratio, Signum, Speclmen, Testimonium, .. " " l!gatlon to assist. ..... boon compan'on, as at a feast . . ..... as one sharing In business, a partner. ...... as a member of the same club. 'proof' ..... as something based upon facts. " . ... . as by the pointing out with the hand. " ..... as that which has been taught or set forth by example. " .. .. that which has cleared up a case. " ... as a discovery of what has been done. " ..... as something grounded on reason. " ... as a mere sign of what has been done or shall be done . .. .. . . . . . as a mark or or token of what anything Is . . . . . . as a witness that has In Itself the exhl- b!tlon of what has been done. Hereditas, 'patrimony' .... anything that bas come down to us from a former generation. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 123 Patrimonium, 'patrimony' .. eurnlture and rich ware. Praedia, " . what pertains to a farm as such. A.gltatio, 'movement' .. . ... constant movement. Motaa, " ..... any one movement. Motto, " ...... act of making any one movement. Experlentla, 'experience' ... by anybody in anything at any time. Experlmentam, PericUtatJo, Usns, Conve1'8atio, 'experlence';ln some one tblng. " act of trying. " everyday life. " .Intercourse or employment. Calami taB, Caedes, 'destruction' .... as reverse in arms or failure In crops. Clades, Excfdam, Exitlum, Exttnctio, Interitos, Everslo, Perntcles, Dissolntlo, Rnlna, Strages, " .... as by cutting down with any Instru- " " .. .. " " .. .. " " ment. ... as by gladtos, the sword. .... as falling from the very foundations. .... as the going out from 1lfe and hope . .... as the snuffing out of a candle . .. .. as by separation of parts necessary for life. .... as the action of overturning from the foundation . . . . . as complete dea :h to person or things. . ... as the going to atoms, disconnection of all parts . ... as tbe faring of parts of a wall. .... as by scattering to the winds. Invldla, '111 will' .......... which .fs shown by looking upon a per- son with evil eye. Malevolentla, '111 wlll' ..... as always wishing evil to one hated. Digitized by Goog le 124 MaUgnitas, Mallda, Benevolentia, Benlgnitas, Comitas, OlementJa, Faellitas, Hamanltas, lndulgenda, Llberalltas, Misericordia, " " LATIN SYNONYMS . . . . . . represented In a dlsposlaon to be evil and to do harm, and so always to be expected In the person . . . . . as a state of mind, but not necessarily In more than one direction at a time. 'kindness' ... opp. to malevolentia, and hence wlsli- " .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. lng well . . . . opp. to malignitas, and so disposed to be and to do good. . opp. to severitas, and so politeness courtesy . . . . exhibited In mildness or mercy, but not necessarily from tenderness of heart. . disposition to be helpful and pleasant. ... dlsposlt!on to act as a human being . .. a state of mind that, for the time be- Ing, forgets duties or dangers, and so yields even to the wrong . .. a disposition to be generous, noble- hearted and true toward others . . . exhibited In tenderness of heart and therefore mercy Is the result of sympathy. Digitized by Goog le (8) Pl'ODOUD8. (88) LATIN. SYNONYMS. Hie, 'this,' first personal pronoun representing what is near the speaker. Iste, 'that,' second personal pronoun representing what Is near the person addressed. Die, 'that,' third personal pronoun representing what Is near the person spoken of or anything in the distance. Is, 'that,' the person usually last pointed out, the usual antecedent of qui. Idem, 'same,' the emphatic Is, equal to Is + dem. Ipse, 'himself,' the emphatic reflexive se, equal to is + pse. Alios, 'another,' as different from the speaker or person addressed. Hence, 'one of many.' Alter, 'another,' one of two. Olios, 'that,' used as Ule, to represent something distant. Se, 'self,' we call It reflexive, but reflect!on is a secondary concept, and cannot be primary. Egomet, 'I myself,' 'I by means of myself,' taking met as the ablative. Qui, 'who,' a definite standard for Is. Quicunque, 'whosoever,' taken as an individual or 'whoso at any time.' Quisquls, 'whosoever,' anybody Including self. Quis, 'any one,' an object merely conceived by the mind, but in- cluding self. Quisnam, 'who pray,' a more lively and emphatic question. AUquls, 'some one' of any number of objects In actual existence, but excluding self. Qulsv"am, 'any one whosoever,' but In affirmative propositions. Quisquam, 'any one whosoever,' contrasts with nemo, and lncluW. self. Ullus, 'any one whosoever,' contrasts with nullus. Nonnullus, ' m a ~ c y a man,' and hence In the plural, 'not a f.fiW.' Digitized by Goog le U6 LATIN SYNONYMS. Quidam, 'a certain one,' well-known and preeent to mind Alterater, 'each of two,' and so is really plural in meaning. Qulaqae, 'every one,' distributively or relatively. UnUJIQuisqae, 'each Individual,' but including all without exception. Uterqae, ' each of two separately, and then the Idea of both. Ambo, 'both together,' as acting jointly. Qalvta, 'any one whosoever,' of all the Individual objects, so far as your wish extends Qaillbet, 'any one whosoever,' of all the Individual objects, not according to your w:sh, but according to anybody's wish. Utervis, 'which of the two separately' you may wish. Uterllbet, 'which of the two separately' anybody may wish. :'liemo, 'no man,' ne + homo, ' not a human being,' always the ad- jective with natioD"al names. Nemo non, 'every man' without Yollas, 'no one,' ne + ollas, ' not any individual,' Nollas scrtptor, but nemo Romanas. Nollas non, 'every one' without exception. Nihil, 'nothing,' not a thread. , Nihil non, 'everything ' without exception. Neater, 'neither of the two,' as the negative of ater. Meas, 'mine,' beginning with M it denotes possession as a product or derivaeon or emanation of the ego. Taus, 'thine ' unchanged as to stem Is simply adjectival. Noster, 'ours,' belonging to us-two as secondary to mleas. Vester, 'yours,' belonging to you-two as secondary to taus. Meopte, 'with my own,' as a contrast to other things not my own. Meamet, 'with my own,' as a contrast to other things not my own. Suopte, 'with his own,' as a contrast to other things not his own. Suamet, 'with his own,' as a contrast to other things not his own. Slemet, 'self,' as a contrast of one's self with another. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 127 <-'ujus, a, um, 'whose,' and following the gender of the noun. NostJ'as, tis (gen.), 'of our nation,' following the gender of the noun. Vestras, tis (gen.) 'of your nation,' following the gender of the noun. CaJaa, tis (glen.), 'of whose nation,' following the gender of the noun. Quallscanque, 'of any kind soever,' fr qualis + cum + que. Qaalisllbet, 'of any kind anybody may llke,' fr. qaalis + llbet. Quantuscunque, 'of any size soever,' fr. quantus +cum +que. Quantuslibet, 'of any size anybody may llke, fr. quantus + llbet. Quantusvis, 'of any size you may wish,' fr. quantus + vis. Quotcunque, 'any number whatsoever. (Both words being Quotquot, 'whatever number' (general ln character. Allquantus, 'somewhat more,' the concept being that of Increase ln quantity. Aliquot, 'some more,' the concept being that of Increase In number. Totidem, 'just so many,' an exact equality in number. Quotus, 'as' the standard by which totus ls measured. Totus, 'so,' the thing to be measured by the standard quotus. Quantulus, 'as lltt!e,' the standard of measurement. Tantalus, 'so litt!e,' the thing to be measured by the standard. Quantuluscunque, as little as anything whatsoevel'.' Allquantulum, 'a very little more,' diminutive of allquantus. Tantundem, 'just so great,' and may run with quantum. Tantldem, 'of so much value,' and may run with quanti. Digitized by Goog le FOURTH CHAPTER STANDARDS AND THINGS TO BE MEASURED. Those expressions which are introduced by the known repre- senting the standard; and those introducing the nnknown, and so yet to be understood. and appreciated, representing the tl1illp to be measured. 128 Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 129 STANDARDS AND 'l'BINGS TO BE MEAS'URED. "Correlatives," as ealled by the grammars. Quantus-tantus, as-so,'-( referring to dimensions). The form beginning with qu always denoting the object whose measure is known and by which the object In- troduced by t Is to become known. Qualls--talis, 'as-so,'-(referring to characteristics). The form beginning with qu always denoting the object whose measure is known and by which the object in- troduced by t is to become known. Quotus-totus, 'as-so.' The form beginning with qu always denoting the object whose measure is known and by which the object lu- troduced- by t Is to become known. Quot.---tc,' 'as--eo,'-referring to number. The form beginning with qu always denoting the object whose measure is known and by which the object in- troduced by t Is to become known. Quam--tam, 'as-so,'-(referrlng to manner). . . The form beginning with qu always denoting the object whose measure is known and by which the object In- troduced by t Is to become known. Quamquam--tamen, 'as-so,'-(referring to conditions). The form beginning with qu always denoting the object whose measure is known and by which the object in- troduced by t Is to become known. Quo--eo, 'as-so; Mellns-mellus, better, Magis--magis, greater, Minus-minus, less etc., etc., etc., etc. The form beginning with qu always denoting the object whose measure is known and by which the object In- troduced by t Is to become known. Digitized by Goog le 130 LATIN SYNONYMS. Qaottes--tOCies, 'a.s-so,'-(ln regard to times). The form beginning with qa always denoting the object whose measure is known and by which the object In- troduced by t is to become known. Ut--aic, 'as--so,' rather a condition of exact parallelism, 'as 1 said,'-'so it will be found.' Bleat, 'so--as, the two words combined. Ovid says sicat eram Slcatt, taglo, Instead of at eram, sic faglo. All these words fall under PrlmiU'J' and 8econdar7 Ideas; but as they seem to require a little special noUce, they are placed here by themselves, in order to attract the student's attention to their importance. The words above Usted fol!ow the old rule of pedagogy, "that the unknown must become known through the known which bears some relation to the unknown." This subject is of so much importance that we have treated it in a work to Itself under the title, "STANDARDS." We will, however, here quote four pages from our book on "Standards," in order to lllustrate the thoughts so briefly treated In this b o ~ k : The one peculiarity that must not be overlooked Is the fact that the part of the statement beginning with the guttural Is the one that is known or assumed to be known,-is the basis of meaS- urement, and the one beginning with the dental is the one brought up to be tested by the known or to be compared with lt. Take for example the following: 1. Tam sum mlsertcors, Quam voe; tam mitis quam qui lenissimus,-Sull. 87. You are speaking to some person or persons supposed to know how merciful they are; and hence you say, "I am as merciful as you"; and more, "I am as mlld as any one of the mildest." He says, "Now, you know the person or some person who is 'very mild,' 'ex- tremely mild.' Name that person, and I am 'equally mild.' " Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 131 2. Quanto dlutlus consldero, Tanto mlhl res vtdetur obscurior,-DN. 1, 60. 'B:r as much the longer as I consider the matter, 'B:r so much the thing seems the more obscure to me. Here my consideration Is the thing known as to quantity and with my consideration already assumed I compare the obscurity, and the latter seems to measure up In quantity as a full parallel to my consideration. 3. Qualls suavltas sermonum atque morum, Talis condlmentum amicltla.e.-Clc. de Am .. 'As is the sweetness of conversation and character, Such Is the relish of friendship.' Both parties are supposed to know 'the qua.'!ity of sweetness in conversation and character," and so one who knows both the ftrst and the last, says, "the relish of friendship Is equal In quality to the ftrst." 4. Quot talenta habeam, 'As many talents as I have, Tot talenta dabo,-so man:r wUl I give.' I wlll' ftrst ascertain "how many talents I have," then "so many talents will I give;" the one number shall equal the other. 5. Cam dolore conftclor, Tum etlam pudore.-Cic. Epls. a. 'I am overcome bOth by grief and by shame. b. 'I am overcome not only by grief, but also by shame.' c. When I am overcome (so much) by shame, then also I am overcome (as much) (even as) by grief.' Digitized by Goog le 13! LATIN SYNONYMS. You know how much I am overcome b;r grief: well, then, 'I am equally 'overcome by shame too, and you can measure my shame by the grief you know I feel." 6. Quam pirum volpes comest, Tam facile vlnces,-Pl. Most. 559. "As the fox eats the pear, So easily shall you conquer." Now you know "how easily a fox eats a pear," then you can decide "how easily you shall conquer," for one is just as easy as the other: they are exactly parallel In the facility with which they can be done. Here we have the manner of the action. 7. Q n o t i ~ n s dlclmus, Totiens de nobis judlcatur,-Do. 1, 125. "As otuen as we speak, Just so often Is the judgment of us." We know "how often we speak," and so by comparison we learn "how often people judge us;" judgment and speech run an equal race." 8. Quorum quamdu manslt lmttatlo, Tamdiu genus lllud dlcendi vlxlt. "The Imitation of these persons remained as long, As that kind of speaking lived." 1. Eum qui electus (designatus) est Oportet sedem in senatu habere, 'He who bas been e!ected Ought to have a seat In the Senate.' Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 18& Now, It Is not "behooving" that just anybody should "have a seat in the senate,'' but the right to a seat depends on the fact of election: that Is the one condition on which we say, eum oportet sedem In senatu habere. 2. Homo qui bane eplstolam scripslt es't stultus, ''The man who WI'Ote this letter is a foot." How do you know? On what do you base your judgment,- Well, I know the man ''who wrote this letter" and so do you, and nobody but a fool could write such a letter. The letter establishes the folly. 3. Nemo qui hooeater vivlt potest vtvere siDe calpa. No one who lives honorably can Uve without b:ame;" What you have called your "Restrictive Relative Clause" Is the basis, on which the other part of the sentence rests. In these degenerate days the man "who lives honorably'' Is marked by the mean and vile as one who should be cast down from his high estate, and hence the envious will eeelt to criminate, If by no other method than by falsehood. 4. Cicero qnl oratlones ornatlsslmas faclt Est non solum orator, sed etlam scrlptor, "The Cicero :who makes most beautiful orations Is not only an orator, but also a litterateur." 4. Cicero q'nl orationes ornatlsstmas 'tacit, Cum orator, tum scrlptor cognttus est, "The Cicero who makes most beautiful speeches, Is recognized as equally a lltterateur,- As mnch a ll.tterateur as (the known) an orator- Digitized by Goog le 184 LATIN SYNONYMS. 'When he is recognized as orator, Then he is recognized as Utterateur.' Note the difference between these two stat'ements In the 1lrst case he Is both orator and litterateur, but his orations may surpass his other writings; whereas In the second case his other writings are recognized 88 equally good with his orations; but In both cases the estimate Is baaed on the well-known orations. 6. Qa.l Domlnum amat,-"He who loves his Master Ei eervfet,-wlll serve him." Our Savior said, "If you love me, keep my commandments." Now, If we are satisfied that our professions of love are sincere, then we know there will be no trouble about the service. The outside world, however, judges by our service whether we love our Master or not; but tq ourselves the meaaare of love is the measure of cheerful service, and no one but ourselves can know whetbeT we love the Master or not. 6. Cam ea ita slnt, Tamen 81 obsldes ab Us slbi denta.r, eeae cum Us pacem esse factaram, 'although,' etc.-Caes. Bel. Gal., Sec. 14. Indirect narrative will always have the subjunctive, because that represents one person as speaking for another; and although the writer may know, still as not speaking for h ~ m s e l f be must ap- pear as assuming that some one else does know. that of whloh he speaks or writes. Digitized by Goog le LATIN SYNONYMS. 136 IN OUR INDEX We have put all Nouns, Adjectives, etc, in the Nominative caee and Singular number and all our Verbs In the Present Infinitive and Active Voice. Digitized by Coogle Digitized by Coogle LA TIN INDEX. A a, ab, abs... . ... . . . . . 41 abdere . . ... . . . . . . . . . 9 aberrans . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 abesse . .... ....... 11, 3 4 abducere . . . . . .. . . . . . 21 abhinc . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 76 abigere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 ab:re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 abjectus ..... : . . . . . . 56 a b s t a r ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 abundans ... .... .. 59, 61 abundantia . . . . . .. . . . 113 accedere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 acoeptus . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 acc:pere .. . ..... ... 8, 15 accommodatus . . . . . . . 50 accuratus . . . . . . . . . . . 65 acerbe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 acles ............. 88, 96 ac:naces ... . ... . .... 104 actutum . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 acumen . .... .. ... . .. 112 acutus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 ad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 adaperire . . . . . . . . . . . 19 addere . . . . . . . ... . . . . 9 adducere . . . . . . . . . . . 21 adeo . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 77 adesse . . . . ... . . . . . . . 34 adhlbere . . . . . . . . . . . 8 adbuc . . .. .......... 83 adhuc non . . . . . . . . . 74 adigere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 adlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 adjumentum . . . . . . . . . 90 adjutor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 adjutrix . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 admlttere . . . . . . . . . . . 30 (137) admodum aero . . . . . . . 81 adsequi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 adsidere . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 adstare . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 adulatio . . . . . . . . . . . 113 adulterius . . .. . . . . . . . 49 adven!re . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 adversum . . . . . . . . . . . 41 advertere . . . . . . . . . . . 26 adversarius ......... 104 adversus .......... 41, 48 advocatus ........... 117 aedicula .... ........ 108 aedes sacra . ... ...... 108 aeger . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 71 aegre . . . . ... . . . .. . . . 71 aegrltudo . . . . . . . . . . . 98 aegrotatio ........ 98, 121 aequales . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 aequitas ... . ... . .... 109 aequus ........ ... 65, 67 aes . . ... . .. .. 92 aes alienum. . . . . . . . . . 117 aetas ............... 121 aeternus . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 aevum .............. 121 atratim . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 atrere . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 37 aftlcere . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 6 amictus . . ... . . . . . . . . 54 aftluens . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 a fronte ........... .. 83 ager ............. 94, 98 agere ...... ... . 6, 35, 41 aggredi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 agltatlo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 agmen . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 88 agrestis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 agricultio . . . . .. . . . . . 117 agrlcultura . . . . . . . . . . 117 Digitized by Goog le 138 LATIN INDEX. alacer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 alea ................ 111 al.enaCo ............ 113 alienus ......... .'.. . 67 alioque . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 allquando ......... 78, 80 allquantulum . . . . . . . . 72 allquantulus . . .. . . . . . 127 allquls ........... 66, 125 aliquot .......... ... 127 allter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 allus ............. 67, 125 alter ..... .... ... 67, 125 alteruter . . . . . .. . . . . . 126 altus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 alumnus . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 amare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 amator ....... ..... . 117 amblgere . . .. . . . . . . . . 35 amblt:o . .. . . .. . . . .. . 113 ambo ............... 126 amenta . . . ... . . . . . . . 91 amicabU:s . . . . .. . . . . . 61 amlcltla . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 amlculum ........... 102 amicus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 amltlnus . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 amnls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 amoenus ......... 49, 61 ampllus . . .. .. .. . . . . . 81 amplus .......... 51, 63 anceps . . . . . . ... . . . . . 67 anc' Ia . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 95 angusttis . . . . . . . . . .. . 51 anima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 anlmadverslo . . . . . . . . 90 anlmadvertere . . . . . . . 17 an:mus ...... .. .. . 93, lOG annonae . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 ante ............. 41, 76 antecedere . . . . . . . . . . 27 anteferre . . . . . . . . . . . 38 antegredl . . . . . . . . . . . 29 antelre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 anteponere . . . . . . . . . . 32 antestare . . . . . . . . . . 24 antevenlre .......... 13 antevertere . .. . . . . . . . 26 antequam . . . . . . . . . . . 76 antlquus . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 anxlus . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 54 aperlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 aperte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 apertus . . . . . . .. . . . . . 65 appellatlo ........ ... 107 apponere . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 aptlsslmus .. . . . . . . . . . 54 aptus ............ 50, 69 apud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 arb:ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 arbltrarl . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 arbltr;s remotls . . . . . . 62 ardor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 area ... ..... ...... .. 100 arena ............... 121 argentum . . . . . . . . . . . 92 argumentum ......... 122 argumentatlo . . . . . . . . 122 arguus . . . . . . .. . . . . . 68 arrogantla . . . . . . . . . . 109 ars ........ ..... 111, 116 aspect us . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 asper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 aspere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 asplcere .... ...... 14, 16 assecla . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 assen'atlo . . . . . . . . . . . 113 assentire ....... .. 14, 17 assldere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 assumere . . . . . . . . . . . 32 astutus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 asylum ............. 117 at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 auctor .............. 110 audacla ......... 106, 119 audentla . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 audlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 auferre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Digitized by Goog le LA Tll'i INDEX. 139 aura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 carmen ............. 120 aut ................ 43 car us ............ 49, 64 aux:llum ............. 90 castlgatio . .......... 90 avere . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 10 .......... 121 avertere . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 castltaa ............. 121 avis . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 111 casus ............... 118 caterva ............. 103 B cautes .............. 106 cautio .............. 113 baclllum . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 cedere .............. 27 baculum . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 celeber ............. 66 beat us ........... 60, 68 celer ............... 64 benefacere . . ....... 36 censere ............. 16 beneftcus . . . ... . . . . . . 63 cern ere ............. 18 benevolentla . . . . . . . . 124 certamen ........... 89 benevolus . . . . . . . . . . . 61 certe ............... 82 benigne . . . . . . ....... 79 certlor ............. 53 benignitas .. . . . . . . . . . 124 certus .............. 68 benign us ......... 61, 63 cervix .............. 104 bell us ........... 60, 61 ceterus ............. 67 belllcosus . . . . . . . . . . . 67 c!rcumagere ......... 36 belllger ............. 67 circumcludere ..... 18, 20 bils ................ 115 circum dare ........ 9, 11 bland! mentum . . . . . . . 113 circumdatus ......... 63 . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 clrcumducere ........ 21 bonum . . . ... . . . . . . . . 117 clrcumferre ......... 38 brevi . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 80 circumgredi ......... 39 breviter . . . . . ... . . . . . 80 circumire ........... 12 clrcummittere ........ 30 0 circumponere ........ 32 .. ..... 112 caduceus . . . . . ... . . . . 96 circumsedere ........ 25 caducus ............. 57 circumspcere ..... 14, 16 caedes . . . . . ... . . . . . . clrcumsidere ......... 26 caespes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 clrcumstare ......... 24 calamtas ........... 123 circum venire . ....... 13 callldus ............. 57 clrcumvidere . ....... 18 callosus ............. 61 circum vert ere . ....... 26 campus ............. 100 clt'us . .............. 76 candid us . . . . ... . . . . . 66 cit us ............... 64 capere .............. 8 c'vitas .............. 1H capllhls . . . . . ... . . . . . 96 clam ................ 71 caput ............... 89 clarus ............ 61, 65 carere .............. 11 claudere . .. . ........ 20 Digitized by Goog le 140 clava ........ .... .. . cemens ...... .. .... cl e n ~ l a ...... ..... . cogitare ........... . cognitlo .... .... .... . cognoscere ........ 15, cohibere ........... cohors ............. coelebs ............ . coena .............. . colre .............. . collatio .. .. ........ . collum .... ......... . colonia ............ . coma .............. . comes .. ...... ..... . comls ............. . comitas ...... ..... . comitatus ....... ... . committere ......... . commoditas .. . ..... . commodum . ... . . 107, commodus ......... . communicans ..... .. . communitas ........ . commutabil!s ....... . compendium ...... . . . comperlre .......... . completus ........ .4, componere ........ . . compos ............ . conatus .. . . ....... . . concedere .. . .. .. . . 16, conclllum .......... . oonclpere .. .. ....... . concludere ......... . concordia .......... . concretus ......... 51, concuplscere ........ . condere ............ . conducere .......... . conferre ........... confectus .......... . confertus ......... 51, LATIN INDEX. 95 55 117 15 88 17 8 103 53 106 12 118 10& 94 96 122 61 124 110 30 118 118 67 68 110 63 107 15 61 32 u 102 27 112 8 20 114 63 11 9 21 38 62 61 confestim . . . . . . . . . . . 76 conftcere . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 conftdent!a . . . . . . . . . . 118 congredl . . . . . . . . . 29 conjugium . . . . . . . . . . 97 conjuratio .. ......... 105 conjunctim . . . . . . . . . . 73 connubium ........ 29, 97 conqulsltus . . . .. . . . . . 58 consclentla . . . . . . . . . . 98 consecrare . . . . . . . . . . . 19 consensus ......... . . 114 con sen tire . . . . . . . . . . . 17 co nsensio . . . . . . . . . . . 114 consequi . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 consldere . . . . . . . . . . . 25 conslllum . . . . . . . . . . . 112 consobrini . . . . . . . . . . 99 conspectus . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 consplcere ........ 14, 16 consplratorea . . . . . . . . 105 cons tans .......... 57, 68 constantia . ...... 120, 121 constare . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 consuetudo ...... 101, 111 consultatlo . . . . . . . . . . 112 consultor . . . . . . . . . . . 117 consumere . . . . . . . . . . 32 contaglo . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 contec:us . . . . . . . . . . . 65 contentio . . . . . . . . . . . 102 continuo . .. . . . . . . . . . 75 controvertere . . . . . . . . 26 contumacla . . . . . . . . . . 109 conveniens . . . . . . . . . . 69 convenlre . . . . . . . . . . . 13 conventlo . . . . . . . . . . . 103 eonventus .. ......... 103 conversatlo . . . . . . . . . . 123 convertere . . . . . . . . . . 26 convlva ...... .. ..... 122 convlvlum . . . . . . . . . . . 106 copla ............ 113,. 118 coploaus . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Digitized by Goog le LA TIN INDEX. 141 corpus . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 51 crassus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 creber ........... 51, 56 crebro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 credere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 crinis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 crimen .. ..... . ..... 100 cruor ............... 122 cujas ............ . .. 127 cujus .. ............. 127 culpa ............. .. 109 cultor . . ........... 117 cum . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 77 cunctue : . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 cupere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 cura . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 curriculum . . . . . . . . . . 100 custodes . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 custodia . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 D damnum . . .. . 90, 109, 115 daps ........... . ... 106 dare .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9 de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 debllltatus . . . . . . . . . . 6 i debitum ....... . . . 96, 118 decedere . . .. . . . . . . . . 2 7 decernere . . . . . . . . . . . 18 decipere . . . . . . . . . . . . S decretum .. . ... . . .. . 103 dedecus . . . .. . . . . . . . . 93 dedere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 dedlcare . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 deducere . . .. . . . . . . . . 21 deerrans . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 deesse . ..... . . . . 11, 34 defatigatus . .. . . . . . . . 62 defensus . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 deferre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 deftcere . .. ... . . 11, 36 degredl . . . . .. . . . . . . . 29 degere . . . ..... .. . 36, 41 dehiscere . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 deicere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19. de improviso . . . . . . . . 78 de integro . . . . . . . . . . 76 delre . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 12 delator .. .. ...... ... 107 delectatlo . . . .. . . . . . . 106 dellberatlo . . . . . . . . . . 112 deliciae .. .... ....... 106 delictum ............ 100 dellrus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 delubrum . . . . . . . . . . . 108 dementia . . . . . . . . . . . 91 demlssus . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 demlttere . . . . . . . . . . . 30 demonstratlo . . . ..... 122 demum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 denique . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 densus ............... . 51 de nocte . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 denuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 deos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 deponere . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 depravatus . . . . . . . . . . 49 derepente . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 descrlptue . . . .. . . . . . . 69 deses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 desldere . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 deslderare . . . . . . . . . . 11 desldla .. .. . . ...... 112 despectue . . . . . . . . . . . 98 desplcere .... ..... 14, 16 desumere . . . . . . . . . . . 32 detegere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 detrlmentum .... .. .. 115 devenlre . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 devius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 dlcio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 didiclsse . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 dies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1!9 dlmc1lle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 dlgnltas . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 dlgredl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 dlgressio . .. . . . . . . . . . 102 Digitized by Coogle 142 LATIN INDEX. dlgressus . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 dlllgentla . . . . . . . . . . . 101 dlmensus . . . . . . . . . . . 69 dlmlcatlo . . . . . . . . . . . 89 dlmlttere . . . . . . . . . . . 30 dlreptor . . . . . . . . . . . 91 dlscedere ......... 20, 28 discernere . . . . . . . . . . . 18 dlscesslo . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 2 discessus . . .. . . . . . . . . 102 dlscipllna . . . . . . . . . . . 116 dlsjunctlo . . . .. . . . . . . 113 dlspar .. ...... .... 63, 69 dlspendlum ......... 119 dlspersus . . . . . . . . . . . 56 dissidere . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 disslmllls . . . . . . . . . . . 53 dlssipatus . . . . . . . . . . . 56 dissolutlo . . ..... .... 123 dlstare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 dlu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 dlutlnus . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 dluturnus . . . . . . . . . . . 66 diversus . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 dlvertere . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 dives .. .. .... .. . . . .. 59 dlvos . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 90 doctor .............. 110 doctrlna .......... 88, 116 doctus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 documentum ........ 122 dogma .............. 103 dolus ............... 112 domlcilium .......... 119 domlnatlo . .. . . . . . . . . 91 dominus . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 domus .............. 119 donare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 donum ... . . ...... 99, 122 dublus . . . . ... . . . . . . . 67 ducere . . . .. ... . . . . . . 21 dulcedo ............. 106 dulcls ............ 49, 56 dumetum . . . . . . . . . . . 113 dumtaxat . . . . . . . . . . . 79 durus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 dux ................ 106 dynastes . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 E e, ex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 edere . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 9 educere ............ 22 elferre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3& efllcere . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 efllgles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 egens ........... . 66, 68 egere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 egomet ............. 126 egredl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 egregius . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 ejusmodl . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 elegans ............. 58 elementa . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 e Ionglnqqo . . . . . . . . . 72 emere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 emlnus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 emlttere . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 emolumentum .... 107, 118 ensis ............... 104 eplstula . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 epulae .............. 106 epulum ............. 106 ereptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 erga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 errabundus . . . . . . . . . . 56 errans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 erudltlo .......... 88, 116 erudltus . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 esse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 et . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 etlam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 evenlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 everslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 evertere . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 evldere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 evolvere . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Digitized by Goog le LATIN INDEX. 143 excedere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 excernere . . . . . . . . . . . 18 excldlum . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 exclpere . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 excludere . . . . . . . . . . . 20 excublae .... .. : . . . . . 93 excubltores . . . . . . . . . . 93 ex equo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 exercl tus . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 exlgere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 exire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 .......... 103 exitus ... .. ........ . 101 ex memQrla . . . . . . . . . 80 exoptare . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 exordium . . . . . . . . . . . 11 :t expandere . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ex parte . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 experlentla . . . . . . . . . . 123 experlmentum .. .. .. . 123 explanare . . . . . . . . . . . 20 expletus . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 expllcare . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 explicator . . . . . . . . . . . 1lJ exponere . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 expositor ............ 110 exqutsitus . . . . . . . . . . . 58 exsequl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 exstare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 extemplo . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 ex tempore . . . . . . . . . . 78 extinctlo . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 extremus .......... _.. 67 F facere .... . .... . .. 3, 36 facies .............. 111 fac11is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 facilitas . ..... ...... 124 facinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 factum ............. 122 factus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 facto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 facultas . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 fallacla . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 famlliaris . . . . . . . . . . . 61 famll1aritas . . . ... ... 110 ramulus . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 fanum ... ........ . .. 108 faa ............. 65, 109 fastidium . . . . . . . . . . . 109 rastus ...... .... .. . . 109 fatigatus . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 fauces .............. 105 faustus ........... 50, 68 fautor . ............. 117 fecund us .. ....... 49, 58 felix .. .. ..... 50, 58, 68 terax ... . . . ... 57, 58, 59 fere . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 71 ferme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 feracla ...... . ...... 106 terre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 tertiUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 fessus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 festivus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 festinanter . . . . . . . . . . 75 fetus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 ftdells ............ 57, 60 fides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 ftdus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 ftgura .. ..... .. .. . 97, 111 ftllolus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 filius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 fines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 finis ....... ...... 99, 101 firm us . ........ . . 64, 6R tlagitlum ........ . 93, 100 ftamma ..... . .. . ... . 102 fiumen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 fluvlus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 ftuxus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 foedus .... . . . ... . 49, 103 forma ....... .... 97, 111 formido . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8 formosus . . . . . . . . . . . 61 forsltan . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Digitized by Goog le 144 LATIN INDEX. fortasse 0 0. 0 0 80 gravid us 0 65 fortuito 0 75 gravis ........... 65, 57 foratudo 0 0 107 gressus 0 0 97 fortunatus .... 50, 59, 68 grex 0. 103 frauditio 0 0 112 gula 0 0 106 fraus 0 0 0. 0. 0. 112 frequens ...... 52, 56, 61 H frequenter 0 0 76 fructus ..... 107, 117, 118 habere 0 0 ...... 0 0 s frugifer 0 0 58 hac tenus . ........... 83 frumenta 0 99 hast a 0 0 0 0. 0 104 frumentum .......... 99 hastlle 0 0. 96 frustra 0 0 0 0 74 haud 0 78 fruticetum 0 113 hauddum 0 0 0 74 frux 0 117 haudquaquam 0 0 78 fugax 0 0 0 57 haud sponte sua ...... 84 fundltus 0 0 0. 0 0 73 hereditas . 0 0 122 fur 0 0 91 heri 0. 0. 0 0 0 77 furor 0 91 herus 0 0. 0 0. 94 furtlm 0. 0 71 hesterno die .......... 77 fustis 0 0 95 hi are 0 0. 0 0 0 0 19 hie 0 0 0 126 G hllaritas 0 0 0 106 hoc modo ............ 74 gaudlum 0 106 homo . .............. 92 gener .............. 115 honestas . ........... 108 generosus ........... 51 honest us . ........... 51 genius .............. 94 horror . ......... . ... 108 gens . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 102 hostilis .. . .. . ....... 63 genus . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 111 hostis .. . ........... 104 gerere .............. 38 hujusmodi . ......... 66 german us ........... 60 humanltas ........ 88, 124 glad! us .......... . .. 104 human us . ........... 61 glaeba .............. 116 humllis . ............ 57 globus .............. 103 hunc in modum ....... 74 gnatus ............. 115 gracllls .............. 51 I gradatim ........... 75 grad us . . . . . . . . . :. 76, 97 Idem ............... 125 gran dis . .. .. .. .. . 28, 63 ldentidem ........... 81 granum ............. 99 ideo . ............... 77 gratia .............. 113 ldoneus . ............. 69 gratus ........... <i9, 69 ignarus ............. 53 gravidatus .......... 55 lgnavla . . ........ 108, 112 Digitized by Coogle LA TIN INDEX. 145 lgnavus .......... 64, 69 Ignis ............ 102 ignobilis . . . . . . . . . . 57 tgnominia . . . . . . . . . 9.3 ignorans . . . . . . . . . . 54 llle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 illiberalls . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Ulcet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Ulco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 lllinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 llliteratus . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Imago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 lmmanis . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 . . . . . . . . . . . 31 immo ........... 79, 82 impendlum . . . . . . . . . . 119 lmpensa ............ 119 lmperator ......... 105 imperceptim . . . . . . . . . 7 5 imperltus . . . . . . . . . . . 54 imperium . . . . . . . . . . 91 impertlens . . . . . . . . . . . 68 imponere . . . . . . . . . . 33 lmproviso . . . . . . . . . . 78 lmprudens . . . . . . . . . 53 imprudentla . . . . . . . . . 58 impune . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 impunite . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 impunitus . . . . . . . . . . . 81 in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 inanis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 lnaudltus . . . . . . . . . . . 50 inaugurare . . . . . . . . . . 19 lncedere . . . . . . . . 2 8 incassum . . ... . . . . . . 74 in cassum . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 lnceptum . . . . . . . . . . . 120 inceptio . . . . . . . . . . 120 incendere .......... 20 incendium . . . . . . . . . 102 incernere . . . . . . . . . . 16 1ncldere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 includere . . . . . . . . . . . 120 incommodum . . . . . . . . 115 lncommodus . . . . . . . . . 49 inconsiderate . . . . . . . . 7 5 lnconstans . . . . ... . . . . 63 lnconstantia . . . . . . . . . 121 lnconsulto . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Incunabula .......... 120 inde . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 76 indere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Indicium . . . . . . . . . . . In dies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Indigene .......... 66, 68 lndlgnatio . . . . . . . . . . . 115 lndlgere . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 indoctus . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 inducere .......... 22 indulgens . . . . . . . . . . . 66 lndulgentia . . . . . . . . . 124 ind ustrla . . . . . . . . 10 2 in equo . . . . . . . . . . . 83 iners ............ 44, 69 Inertia . . . . . . . . . . 112 lnesse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 ineunte . . . . . . . . . . . 120 infamia . . . . . . . . . . 93 infelix . . . . . . . . . . 56 inferior . . . . . . . . . . 57 lnferre . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Infest us . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 inflcere . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 infldelltas . . . . . . . . . . 121 lnfortunatus . . . . . . . . . 56 lnfrequenter . . . . . . . . . 84 In fronte . . . . . . . . . . . 83 ingenium . . . . . . . . . . 94 lngens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 ingenuus . . . . . . . . . . . 51 lngredl . . . . . . . . . . . 29 inhlbere . . . . . . . . 8 inlmicus ......... 53, 104 inlquttas . . . . . . 109 inlquus . . . . . . . . . . 49 lnlre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 inltium ............ 119 injuria ......... 109, 116 Digitized by Goog le 146 LATIN INDEX. in occulto . . . . . . . . . . . 71 innatua ............. 65 inopinato . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 inops ............ 66, 68 inquisitor ........... 107 inritua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 lnsania . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 insitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 lnsc!ens . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 lnscl tus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 lnsclus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 insecare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 lnsequl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 lnsldere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 insignia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 In slnguloe dies . . . . . . 77 insipiens . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 insolentia . . . . . . . . . . . 109 insolltuB . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 inspicere ......... 14, 16 instanter . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 instar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Jnstltutum . . . . . . . . . . . 101 insumere . . . . . . . . . . . 32 instructor . . . . . . . . . . . 110 integer ...... . . 4, 61, 64 lntegrltas . . . . . . . . . . 108 lntelllgere ........ 15, 17 lntentus . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Inter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 lntercedere . . . . . . . . . . 28 lntercludere . . . . . . . . . 20 lnterdum . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 interesse . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 interflcere . . . . . .. . . . . 37 in' erire . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 intermittere . . . . . . . . . 31 interitus ........ 101, 123 interponere . . . . . . . . . . 33 interpretari . . . . . . . . . 20 lntervenire . . . . . . . . . . 13 lntervertere . . . . . . . . . 27 introducere . . . . . . . . . 22 tntroferre . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 introgredl . . . . . . . . . . 29 intromlttere . . . . . . . . . 31 inTospicere . ...... 14, 16 introvertere . . . . . . . . 27 invenire . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 invertere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 invldere . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 invidla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 invidus ....... , . . . . . . 58 Invite . . . . . . ... . . .. . . 84 lnvltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 ipse . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 125 Ira ........ . ........ 116 iracundla . .......... 116 Ire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 irrltus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 Is .................. 121i lste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 lstinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 ita .... . ...... 44, 73, 77 Item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Iter .. . .. . ....... . .. 106 lterum . . . .. .. . . . . .. . 7fi. J jaculum ............ 104 jamdlu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 jamdudum . . . . . . . . . . 83 jampridem . . . . . . . . . . 83 jejunus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 jucundus . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 judex ... . ........... 107 judicare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 judicium . .. . . . . . . . . . 103 jure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 jus ................. 109 jus connubll . . . . . . . . . 97 jusjurandum . . . . . . . . 92 juste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 justitia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 justus . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 65 Digitized by Coogle LATIN INDBiX. 147 L labor 102 laetitla . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6 laetua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4'9 lares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 largiri . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 10 Iasaicudo ...... .... .. 62 laaaua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 latro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Iautus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Ienis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 lentus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Iepidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Ietum .............. 101 levis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 lex ............. 109, 111 llber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 llberalis ...... 51, 68, 63 llberalltas . . . . . . . . . . . 124 llberi ............ . .. 116 llbertlnus . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Ubertus .. .. .. . . .. . .. 89 libido . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 limes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 litera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 llterae .. .. .. .... .. .. 88 llteratus . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 lltus .... . ....... ... 121 lltuus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 llvldus . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 59 llvidulus . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 locuplee . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 locus ............ 90, 100 locus senti bus obsltus. 113 Ionge ............ 72, 83 lucrum .......... 107, 118 Iucus ............... 108 lues .. .. .. .. .... .. .. 98 lugubria . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 lumen .............. 116 lux ................. 116 luxurta . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 M maceria maerens ........... . maestus ...... . .... . magis ......... 71, 81, . . ....... 94, magnus ...... . ... 61, maledicus .... ...... . malefacere ......... . maleficium ......... . maleficus .......... . malevolentla ........ . malevolus .......... . mallgnitaa ......... . mallgnus ........ .49, malitia .... . ....... . maJ:tlosus .. .... .... . malum ........... .. . malus ............. . mani!estus ......... . mansuetus .......... . manus ... . .... . .... . matrimonium . . ..... . mature ............ . maxime ............ . meamet ...... ... .. . . mellus ........... 71, memoria ........ .. . . memoriter ........ . . . mendicus .......... . mens ............ 94, meopte ....... . .... . merces ......... . .. . merum ....... .. ... . metus ... .. ... .. ... . milite ......... . ... . minime ............ . minister .......... 96, minus ............ 78, minutus ........... . miser .............. . misericordia ........ . mlsericors .......... . 110 64 56 129 110 63 49 37 100 49 123 49 124 69 124 49 116 48 66 66 103 97 75 72 126 129 114 80 66 126 126 107 116 108 88 78 96 129 61 66 124 li& orgitized by Coogle 148 LATIN INDEX. mltls . . . . . . ... . . 56 mlttere . . . . . . . ;10 mobills . . . . .. . . . . . . . 63 mobllltaa . . . . . . . . . . . 121 modo ......... 73, 79, 81 modus .......... 111, 119 moenla ......... 110 moles ........... 112 mollla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 morbus .......... 98, 121 mors .............. 101 ............ 123 motua .............. 123 mox .. .. . ... . . . . . . 81 mucro ............. 104 multa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 . . . . . . . . . . . 90 multiplex ......... 66, 63 multitudo ........... 119 multo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 multo minus . . . . . . . . . 82 multus . . . ... . . . . . . . . 60 mundus ............. 107 municlplum ......... 114 munus ........ 96, 99, 122 murus .............. 110 mutabllltaa .......... 121 N natlvus . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 naturalls . . . . . . . . . . . 66 natua ............... 115 ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 nee ullus . . . . . . . . . . . 59 necdum . . . ... . . . . . . . 74 nedum .. .. .. . .... . .. 82 necoplnato . . . . . . . . . . 78 nefas ........... 100, 109 neglfgenter . . . . . . . . . . 7 6 negotium . . . . . . . . . . . 122 nemo ............ 69, 126 nemo non . . . . . . . . . . . 126 nemus .............. 108 nequam . . . . . ... . . . . . 49 nequaquam . . . . .. . . . . 78 neque or nee ....... 44, 59 nequedum . . .. . . . . . . . 7 4 nequlquam . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 'llesclens . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 neacius . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6i neuter .............. 126 neutlquam . . . . . . . . . . 78 nex ................ 101 nihil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 nlhll jam . . . . . . . . . . . 80 nihil non . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 nlmis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7S nlmls featlnanter . . . . . 75 nimis multi . . .. . . . . . . 79 nlmis sero . . . . . . . . . . 81 nlmium . .. .... .. .. .. 78 nimlum saepe. . . . . . . . 79 nisus .............. 102 noblllor . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 no bills . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 51 nocte . .. .. .. ... .. .. . 81 noctu . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 81 nolens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 nomen .............. 107 non .............. 59, 78 non dlutius . . . . . . . . . 80 nondum . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 non jam . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 nonnlhlli . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 nonnullus . . . . . . . . . . . 126 non nunquam ..... 80, 85 non semel . . . . . . . . . . . 81 norma ............. 111 noscere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 noster ............. 126 noatras ............. 127 notare . . . . . . . . . . . 17 notitia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 notlor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 novlsse . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 novo .............. 120 non nullus . . . . . . . . 59 Digitized by Goog le LATIN lNDEX. 149 null us non ....... 59, 126 novus ............ , 50 noxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 noxia ............... 115 nullus .......... 59, 126 numen . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 nummatus . . . .. . . . . . . 60 nummus . . . . . . . . . . 92 numerosus . . . . . . . . 56 nunc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 nunquam non . . .. . . 86 nuper ............ 73, 82 nuptlae . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 nutrix .............. 119 0 ob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 obducere .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 obesse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 obesus . . . . . . .. . . . 52 obferre . . . . . . . . 38 obire . . . . . . . . . . . 12 obitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 oblectatio . . . . . . . 106 obscurus . . . . . . . . . . . 57 obsequi ........... 20, 23 obsequium . . . . . . . . . 114 observare . . . . . . . . . . . 17 obsessio . . . . . . . . . . 98 obsidere . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 obsidlo . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 obsidlum . .. .. .. .. .. 98 obstare . . . . . . . . . . . 24 obsoletus . . . . . . . . . . . 62 obtusa . . . . . . . . . 52 obvenlre . . . . . . . . . . . 13 obvertere . . . . . . . . 27 occasio ............ 118 occedere . . . . . . . . . . 28 occludere . . . . . . . . . . . 21 occulto . .. .. .. . .. .. . 71 oculus .. .... .. .. .. .. 9G officere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 officium .. .... .. .. .. 96 olim . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 ollus .......... 125 omlttere .. . . . . . . . . 31 omn:no ........... 73, 82 omnls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 onera ............ 118 onus ............. 112 opera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 opertus . . . . . . . . . . . 65 opimus ........... 59, 60 oplnari . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 oplnlo .............. 103 oppldo . . . . . .. . . . . . 82 oppldum ............ 114 oppletus .......... 61, 65 opponere ........... 33 opportunitas ......... 118 opportunua . . . . . . . . 67 oppugnatlo ...... ; . . . 98 optare . . . . . . . . . . . 10 optime . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 optlmus . . . . . . . . . 54 ops ............... 118 opulentus ........ .. . 60 opus .............. 102 ora .............. 121 orbla .............. 107 orb is terrarum . . . . . . 9 4 orto . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 84 ortus ............... 120 otlosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 otium .............. 106 p pactum ........... 103 pactio .............. 103 paedagogus .......... 119 paene ............. 71 pagus .............. 100 palam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 palans . . . . . . . . . . 56 pallo.r ......... . . . 108 Digitized by Coogle 160 palus .............. . pandere .... . . . .. . .. . par .............. .. paries .. .. . . ... .. pares . . .. . . ... . .... . partlens .. ... . . ... . partlm . ....... . . . .. . partite ..... . ..... . partes . .... . . .. ... . parietlnae ...... . ... . parum ... . .... . .. 61, parumper ..... . .... . parvum . . ... .. .. . .. . parvus . . . . ...... . . . . passim . ... .. . . . , ... . passus ... . ... ..... . . patetacere ... ... . ... . patera .. . .. .. . . . ... . paterfamilias . .... .. . patescere . . . .. . ..... patlenia ... . .... 106, patrueles . . .. ... . . . . patens .... . . ... ... . . pati .... .. .. .. .... .. patria ' .. ... .. . . ... . patrimonium .. ..... . patron us ... . .. ... . . . patulus . .. ... ... .. 61, paulatlm . .. .. . ... . . . paulisper .. . . . ... . . . pau 1 um ... .. . .. ... . . paululum . ... . ..... . pauper ... ...... . . 66, pavor . . . . ... . . .. . . . pax .. ..... . .. .. . 106, pecunia .. . . . ... .. .. . pecunia debita .. ... . . pecuniosus . . . . .. . . . . pedetemptlm . .. .. .. . pedum . . . .......... . penates . .. . .. .. . .. . . penltus ... ... .. ... . . pensum .. .. .. .... .. . peragere . .. .. . . . ... . LATIN INDEX. ~ 96 19 66 110 68 68 76 76 96 110 82 79 82 50 83 97 19 19 94 19 120 99 65 16 99 123 117 65 75 79 72 72 68 108 114 92 118 60 75 95 90 73 102 36