CHAPTER V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

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CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The objective was to estimate the transus temperature by traditional metallographic techniques or procedures i.e. phase disappearing method via microscopic methods as well as X-ray diffraction phase analysis.
1. Processing

The present work involved processing i.e. heat treatments above or below transus temperatures of the alloys. Through the subtransus or transus processing, the microstructural features such as morphology and phase transformations can be reviewed in Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-1.5V-2.5Cu alloys. This is achieved through the different morphologies and various sizes of lamellar and phases revealed by developed microstructures and through the observation and quantitative analysis of phase presence at different conditions.

2. Microstructural Evaluation
Ti-6Al-4V As-cast titanium alloy showed grain boundary along prior grain boundaries and transformed structure consisting of alternate lamellae of and , with about 45 % of retained . When Ti-6Al-4v alloy specimens are heat treated at 900, 950 and 1000 oC and then furnace cooled, the measurements of retained phase fractions, obtained from microstructural analysis, are as 65.72%, 59.08 % and 69.28% respectively.

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and then water-quenched, the measurements of retained phase fractions, obtained from microstructural analysis, are 64.68%, 62.20% and 81.17% respectively. Ti-6Al-1.5V-2.5Cu as-cast alloys are seen to be having the phase fraction as 46.85%. When Ti-6Al-1.5V-2.5Cu alloy specimens are heat treated at 900, 950 and 1000 oC and then furnace cooled, from quantification of phase by microstructural analysis, the retained phase is found to be 60.65%, 63.31% and 67.47% respectively. When Ti-6Al-1.5V-2.5Cu alloy specimens are heat treated at 900, 950 and 1000 oC and then water-quenched, from quantification of phase by microstructural analysis, the retained phase is found to be 60.95%, 75.35% and 55.53% respectively.

3.

Mechanical behavior: Vickers hardness of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-1.5V2.5Cu alloys

For Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-1.5V-2.5Cu alloys, the obtained results are comparable and mostly compatible with those in the existing literature. The exact values are shown in results and discussion, in section 4.7.

4.

Estimation of transus temperature for Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-1.5V2.5Cu alloys

From the extant quantitative analysis of developed microstructures, it is clear that the transus temperature may well be found near the values from 95015 oC for Ti-6Al-1.5V-2.5Cu alloy. This is explicably an effect of copper
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which forms intermetallic compounds in titanium alloys and which also has limited solid solubility in phase field and the value of solubility is 2.1 wt pct at 797 oC. Both the above are herein confirmed by X-ray diffraction phase analysis. It is noticed that the transformed phase and primary phases are having intensity variations and that their presence exhibits the Braggs diffraction pattern. Depending on their presence in the Braggs diffraction patterns, we can confirm the transformed phase fractions and compare the amount of phase fractions for each of the processing conditions. Evidences are illustrated and explained in the given tabulated columns and plots in early section 4.

5. Evaluations
For the transus temperature of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the values could be estimated around/ about 1000 15 oC. For Ti-6Al-1.5V-2.5Cu alloy, the transus temperature could be estimated around/ about 95015 oC. It is confirmed by the quantitative phase analysis using X-ray diffraction and these values are compared with the experimental results and with the values from research literature. For Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the transus temperature could be estimated around/ about 100015 oC. It is confirmed by the high percentage of area fraction of phase analysis during thermal processing, at an observed maximum of 81.12 % (as against the theoretically possible 100% ), for Ti-6al-4V HT 1000 oC water quenched specimen.
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