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BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR A SOCIAL REFORMER

humans are mortal. so are ideas. an idea needs propagation as much as a plant needs watering. otherwise both will wither and die. B.R. Ambedkar Two brothers after returning from school and were going to meet their father. So they arranged a cart to continue their journey from masoor railway station. They moved some way ahead and suddenly that cart driver came to know that they belonged to Mahar cast. After knowing this he stopped the cart and raised one end of it and that poor boys fell on the land. He shouted and scolded them. They were thirsty and begged for water but still they did not get it and they were too not allowed to drink water from tanks and well just because they were from backward cast. One of these brothers was our first law minister, the Indias greatest leader, 20th century thinker and philosopher, creative writer, celebrity speaker, hero of backward classes and chief architect of the Indian Constitution DR. BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR.

EARLY LIFE OF DR.BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR

DR.BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR was born on 14 April 1891 into poor Mahar family in town and military cantonment of Mhow, central provinces British India which is now situated in Madhya Pradesh. This bright child was last and 14th kid born to Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimabai. He belongs to a Marathi family from town Amavade in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. Ambedkars father was working for British army.

SCHOOL LIFE OF BABASAHEB

Babasaheb was admitted to army affiliated school run by British government and was one of the brightest students of his school. He had amazing grasp over English and Marathi .When his father got retired he was then admitted to local

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school there and was treated badly. This shining star had to sit on the floor away from all students because of his backward class. His patience was tested each and every minute by discrimination of students as well as his teachers. But this dazzling child never quit and fight for his right and proved himself.

FIRST MARRIAGE OF BABASAHEB

In 1906 DR.BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR was married to a nine year old girl RAMABAI.

SECOND MARRIAGE OF BABASAHEB

Babasahebs second marriage was a love marriage with DR.SHARADHA KABIR whom he met during his treatment of neurotic pain in leg and lack of sleep after completion of Indian constitution. She was a Saraswat Brahmin and they tied knot on 15 April 1947 in Delhi house of DR.B.R AMBEDKAR.

HIGHER EDUCATION
1908 was year when DR.BR AMBEDKAR passed matriculation exam with flying colors when he was only 17 years old from the Bombay University. Then he continued his higher education from Elphinstone College and became the first only untouchable to enter inside it. In 1912 he graduated from Bombay University with political science and economics as his subjects. Just after one year of his graduation black clouds come across his life and took his father away from him on 13 February 1913. This famous personality was awarded scholarship by maharaja of Baroda for going to USA for his future studies. So he went to New York in July 1913 and that was first time when he was not humiliated for being a mahar. Away from India and all humiliation he concentrated into his studies and acquired his degree in Master of Arts and doctorate in philosophy from Colombia University in 1916 for recommendable thesis NATIONAL DIVIDEND FOR INDIA :HISTORY AND ANALATICAL STUDY.

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According to this philosopher his thought about being in society were: Unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, man does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. mans life is independent. He is born not for the development of the society alone, but for the development of his self. His next destination was London to complete his study of economics and political science but in the midway Barodas government brought his scholarship to an end and he returned back to India.

BEGINNING OF THE POLITICAL CARREER AND FIIRST STEP TOWARDS REFORMATION

After returning back to India, Babasaheb was appointed as political secretory of maharaja of Baroda. But still he was discriminated as no one hears as he belongs to mahar. He returned back to his family in November 1917. One of the great

comforter Sahu maharaja of Kolhapur who works for upliftment of neglected classes helped Babasaheb which to launch dumb a hero fortnight 31 newspaper 1920. named Then as

MOOKNAYAK

means

January

many

conferences were called for the welfare of untouchables which were addressed by Babasaheb. Now, Babasaheb was capable to complete his education on his own so, he went back to London and finished his study and achieved doctorate in science degree and became a barrister. He returned back to India in July 1924 and formed his first and new association which was famous as BAHISHKRIT

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HITKARINI SABHA which stands for outcaste welfare association. His main aims through this association were: 1. Uplift untouchables 2. Bring them at equal standard as others in society

MAHAD MARCH [1927]

He led to mahad march in 1927 to attain the equal rights for lower castes to drink water from tanks and wells. It was organized near chowder tank at colaba near Bombay where he burnt copies of manusmriti publically.

DR.B.R AMBEDKARS CONTROVERSIAL DECISION [1929]

It was a sudden controversial decision made by DR.B.R AMBEDKAR to support Simons commission in the way to better Indias government future and remove away discrimination from country. But the congress made a new constitution for free India which doesnt contain a single need of untouchables.

POONA PACT [1932]

Under round table (1930-1932) there was no provision for untouchables which led to clash between MAHATMA GANDHI and DR.B.R AMBEDKAR. So,

Babasaheb demanded for a separate electoral which was not accepted by Gandhi ji .It gave rise to POONA PACT [24 September 1932] when they finally reached to an agreement. According to that agreement Babasahebs demand for separate

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electoral changed into reserved seats for untouchables in legislative assembly and the state councils.

AMBEDKAR AS PRINCIPAL [1935]

In 1935 Babasaheb was delegated as principal of Government College of law in Mumbai which was continued till two years. He constructed his own home with its specialty which was his private library containing more than 50,000 books. Same year he lost his wife Ramabai. On 13 October in {Nasik} Yeola Conversion Conference he ask his followers to leave Hinduism which treat them as slaves. He explained the situation of untouchables in society by his work WHO WERE SHUDRAS?

SELECTION TO BOMBAY LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

Britishers decided to hold provincial elections in 1937. For that Babasaheb introduced a new political party which is INTERNATIONAL LABOR PARTY in august 1936 to contest in election from Bombay province and then he and his party members finally got elected for Bombay legislative assembly.

NEW TERMS AND BILLS BY AMBEDKAR [1937]

Now it was time for abolishment of khoti system of land tenure in Konkan region and serfdom system about agricultural tenants, mahar watan system and for that he introduced a new bill. Later Gandhi ji referred untouchables as HARIJANS the people of god which was not a right word according to

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Babasaheb as he believed is they are god people then other people should be monsters. But congress succeeded in using this word for them.

WORK OF BABASAHEB AFTER INDEPENDENCE [15 AUGUST 1947]

India was under crisis or we can say under the depression after independence on 15 august 1947 which was because of social and political issues. Muslims were already separated but still there was fire inside of different caste people in India. There was disagreement and conflict among the different groups. Gandhi

ji and other congress leaders were busy in solving multiple problems but were not concentrating on untouchables. That time DR.B.R AMBEDKAR emerged as a ray of hope for untouchables and was one of the top leaders among them. He was most anxious leader about the caste system in the society. He tries hard to avoid discrimination and inequality in India. His philosopher mentor was

MAHATMA JYOTI RAO FULE. He stands against race practices in our country. He is social reformer with exceptional qualities. Babasaheb was swimming across the tide when the whole country was busy in appreciating efforts of Gandhi and Nehru that time Ambedkar was trying to solve conflicts among society due to racism.

ROLE IN DRAFTING COMMITTEE

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DR.BHIMRAO

AMBEDKAR

was

first

law

minister

of

India

after

the

independence. Soon on 29 august he grabbed the chair of chairman of drafting committee and was given charge of making of constitution. According to GRANVILLE AUSTIN constitution made by AMBEDKAR was just like: 'The majority of India's constitutional provisions are either directly arrived at furthering the aim of social revolution or attempt to foster this revolution by establishing conditions necessary for its achievement. Constitution made by Babasaheb aimed on: 1. Guarantees protection for Wide range of civil autonomy 2. Liberty of religion 3. Withdrawal of untouchability and remove all type of discrimination 4. Reservation in jobs, civil services, schools, colleges for schedule castes which was analogous to his acknowledging actions. 5. Indias lawmakers assumed to demolish inequality from these laws for depressed classes. The constitution was adopted by nation on 26 November 1949 by constituent assembly. He resigned from cabinet in 1951 because of postponing of his HINDU CODE BILL in the parliament which was to halt gender inequality and laws of marriage and inheritance.

POSITION IN PARLIAMENT

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In 1952 he contest the election independently to lower parliament house that is lok sabha but unfortunately he lost it but in the same year he got chance in the upper house that is rajya sabha in March and remains as a member of rajya sabha until his death.

CONTRIBUTION IN RESERVE BANK OF INDIA

As all of us know about amazing skill of economics which were under control of Babasaheb. He was also a professional economist till 1921 which led him to contribute in foundation of reserve bank of India. different books such as: 1. Administration and finance of East India Company 2. Evolution of provincial finance of British India 3. The problem of rupee :Its origin and its solution That was not alone but also the reserve bank of India is formed with the help of ideas and principles of Babasaheb in 1934 and it was presented to Hilton young commission. He wrote

AMARTYA SEN VEIWS ABOUT BABASAHEB AS AN ECONOMIST

Nobel Prize achiever Amartya Sen said that: Ambedkar is my Father in Economics. He is true celebrated champion of the underprivileged. He deserves more than what he has achieved today. However he was highly controversial figure in his home country, though it was not the reality. His contribution in the field of economics is marvelous and will be remembered forever...

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THE GREATEST INDIAN DR.B.R AMBEDKAR: HISTORY TV 18

According to Indias pole BABASAHEB won the title of the GREATEST INDIAN which was organized by HISTORY TV 18. According to them:

Dr.B.R Ambedkar POLITICAL LEADER 1891-1956 The Chief Architect of India's Constitution. He challenged the untouchability in a democratic manner and was the most powerful and credible voice against its practice. As Independent India's first Law and Justice Minister he made progressive, modern laws. He was a great scholar, an electrifying orator, a barrister of international repute and firmly believed that only a true social justice and equal opportunities can hold this vast nation together. He is as relevant today as he was 60 years ago. He is THE man who made all the differences to the lives of hundreds of millions of Dalits and other exploited communities. His immortal words, 'they alone rise who strive. Some of you nurse the wrong notion that you will not rise in this world. But remember that the age of helplessness has ended. A new epoch has set in still inspires millions of oppressed.

DEATH OF BABASAHEB
This great personality left the world on 6 December 1956 at his Delhi home due to diabetes in his sleep at the age of 65. He was cremated by Buddhist cremation on 7 December 1956 organized in DADAR CHOWPATTI BEACH. Babasahebs memorial was constructed in his Delhi house in Alipur 26 ROAD. His birthdate is celebrated as Bhim jayanti or Ambedkar jayanti. He was awarded with Bharat Ratan in 1990 after his death.

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MESSAGE TO HIS FOLLOWERS

"Educate! Organize! Agitate!"

Dr. BR Ambedkars tireless contributions can never be forgotten, India is blessed land which gave birth to such a great son.

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