Complex Numbers

Algebra
1. Let be a real number.
(a) Solve the quadratic equation 0 1 6 cos 2
2
+ + z z .
(b) Using the result of (a), express 1 6 cos 2
3 6
+ + x x as a product of quadratic polynomials with
real coefficients. (05-6) (7 marks)
2. For k = 1, 2, 3, let
k k k
i z sin cos +
be complex numbers,

where
2
3 2 1
+ +
.
(a) Evaluate
3 2 1
z z z
.
(b) Prove that
)
1
(
2
1
cos
k
k k
z
z +
and =
)
1
(
2
1
2 cos
2
2
k
k k
z
z +
.
Hence or otherwise, prove that
1 cos cos cos 4 2 cos 2 cos 2 cos
3 2 1 3 2 1
+ +
.
(02-6) (6 marks)
3. Let z
1
, z
2
, , z
n
be arbitrary complex numbers.
(a) Prove that
2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1
z z z z z z z z + +
(b) Using (a), or otherwise, show that
) ... Re( ...
1 1 3 2 2 1
2 2
2
2
1
z z z z z z z z z z z
n n n n
+ + + + + + +

. (97-1) (4 marks)
4. Consider the equation
0 1
2 3
+ az az z (*)
where a is real.
(a) Find a real root of (*).
(b) Find the range of values of a such that (*) has non-real roots.
(c) Show that all the non-real roots of (*) lie on the unit circle in the complex plane.
(96-3) (5 marks)
5. Let a C and a 0.
(a) Show that if
a z z
, then Re
2
1

,
_

a
z
.
(b) If
a a z z
, express z in terms of a. (95-7) (6 marks)
6. (a) If
z z + 2 1
, find Re z.
(b) Find all zC such that

'

+
+
z z
z z i z z z
2 1
2
1
) (
2
(93-4) (5 marks)
7. By considering
n
i
2
) 1 ( + , or otherwise, evaluate

n
r
n
r
r
C
0
2
2
) 1 (
and

1
0
2
1 2
) 1 (
n
r
n
r
r
C
,
where n is a positive integer. (92-4) (5 marks)
8. (a) Show that cos 5 cos 20 cos 16 5 cos
3 5
+ .
(b) Using (a), or otherwise, solve 0 5 cos 20 cos 16
2 4
+ for values of between 0 and 2 .
Hence find the values of
10
3
cos
10
cos
2 2

. (90-5) (7 marks)
9. Let sin cos i z + . By expressing cos in terms of z, or otherwise, show that for any positive
1
integer n.
) 2 cos(
2
1
cos
0
r n C
n
r
n
r
n
n

. (89-6) (6 marks)
Geometry
10. (a) Express
2
4
1

z
z
in the form of
r c z
, where c and r are constants.
(b) Shade the region represented by

'

<

2
4
1
:
z
z
C z
in the Argand plane. (02-2) (5 marks)
11. Let L be the straight line
z i z + ) 4 4 (
and C be the circle
1 z
.
(a) Sketch L on an Argand diagram.
(b) Let P, Q be points on L and C respectively such that PQ is equal to the shortest distance
between L and C. Find PQ and the complex numbers representing P and Q. (01-8) (6 marks)
12. Consider the circle 12 ) 3 2 ( ) 3 2 ( + + + z i z i z z ( C z ) (*).
Rewrite (*) in the form of
r a z
where C a and r > 0. Hence or otherwise,
find the shortest distance between the point 4 5i and the circle. (00-4) (5 marks)
13. A, B and C are three points in the Argand diagram representing the complex numbers z
1
, z
2
, and z
3

respectively. If z
1
= 0, z
2
= 1 + i and ABC is equilateral, find z
3
. (99-5) (5 marks)
14. Let z be a complex number satisifying
i z i z + 2 2
(a) Show that the locus of z on an Argand diagram is a circle. Find its centre and radius.
(b) Let
{ } i z i z C z S + 2 2 :
. Draw and shade the region which represents S on an Argand
diagram.
Hence find
S z
0 such that
z z
0 for all S z . (98-4) (6 marks)
15. Let Arg z denote the principal value of the argument of the complex number z
( < Arg z ).
(a) If 0 z and z + z = 0, show that Arg z =
2

t
.
(b) If z
1
, z
2
0 and 2 1 2 1
z z z z +
, show that
0
2
1
2
1
+
z
z
z
z
and hence find all possible values of
Arg
2
1
z
z
. (94-6) (5 marks)
16. Let u, v be non-zero complex numbers.
(a) Show that 0 + v u v u if and only if
ik
v
u

for some kR.

(b) If 0 + v u v u , what is the relationship between arg u and arg v? (91-5) (6 marks)
2