Differentiation

1. (a) Let f(x) =

x
x
1
for all x 1. Find the greatest value of f(x).
(b) Using (a) or otherwise, find a positive integer m, such that
n m
n m
1 1

for all positive integers n. (03-2) (7 marks)

2. Let f : be a continuous function satisifying the following conditions:
(i) 1
1 ) (
lim
0

x
x f
x
;
(ii) f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) for all x and y.
(a) Prove that f(x) exists and f(x) = f(x) for every x .
(b) By considering the derivative of
x
e
x f ) (
, show that
x
e x f ) ( . (02-3) (5 marks)
3. Show that for x > 0, x 1 + lnx.
Find necessary and sufficient condition for the equality to hold. (00-2) (5 marks)
4. Let f and g be differentiable functions defined on satisfying the following conditions:
A.
) ( ) ( ' x g x f
for x ;
B.
) ( ) ( ' x f x g

for
x
;
C. f(0) = 0 and g(0) = 1.
By differentiating [ ] [ ]
2 2
cos ) ( sin ) ( ) ( x x g x x f x h + , or otherwise, show that
x x f sin ) (
and
x x g cos ) (
for x . (00-4) (5 marks)
5. By considering the function f(x) =
x
xe

, or otherwise, show that

if b a < 1 , then
a b
be ae > . (97-2) (4 marks)
6. Let f(x) be a function with continuous second order derivative.
(a) Prove that
12
) ( ' '
) (
)) ( ) ( )( (
2
1
) (
lim
3
a f
a x
a f x f a x dt t f
x
a
a x

.
(b) Suppose there exists a constant K such that, for all x and a,
4
) ( )) ( ) ( )( (
2
1
) ( a x K a f x f a x dt t f
x
a
+

.
Show that f is a polynomial of degree not greater than 1. (96-6) (6 marks)
7. (a) Show that 1 + ex > e
x
> 1 + x for 0 < x 1.
(b) Using mathematical induction, or otherwise, prove that

+
> >
+
+
n
r
n
r
r
x
n r
r
x
e
n
ex
r
x
0
1
0
1
! )! 1 ( !
for n = 0, 1, 2, and x(0,1).
Hence show that e
n
n
+ + + +

)
!
1
...
2
1
1 1 ( lim . (96-7) (7 marks)
8. Let n be a positive integer and u(x) be a function such that u(x), u(x), , u
(n)
(x) exists.
(a) Given that y(x) = u(x)e
qx
, where q is a real number, express y
(n)
(x) in terms of u(x), u(x), u(x),
, u
(n)
(x).
(b) By putting u(x) = e
px
, where p is a real number, use (a) to prove the Binomial Theorem
i.e.

,
_

+
n
r
r n r n
q p
r
n
q p
0
) (
. (93-7) (6 marks)
9. Let f be a differentiable function such that
1
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + 3xy(x + y) for all
R y x ,
.
(a) Show that
h
h f
f
h
) (
lim ) 0 ( '
0
.
(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that for all R x ,
2
3 ) 0 ( ' ) ( ' x f x f + ,
and deduce that
3
) 0 ( ' ) ( x x f x f + . (92-7) (6 marks)
10. Let f : R R.
(a) If R c and
2
) ( ) ( ) ( c x c f x f
for all R x , prove that
0 ) ( ' c f
.
(b) If
2
) ( ) ( ) ( y x y f x f
for all
R y x ,
,
prove that f is a constant function. (91-7) (5 marks)
11. By differentiating the function
x
x ln
, or otherwise, prove that if b a e < ,
then
a b
b a > . (90-1) (5 marks)
12. Let f(x) =
e
x
x
e
for x > 0. Find the least value of f(x).
Hence show that
e
e

> . (89-1) (5 marks)

Method of Differentiation
13. Define
2
4
1
) (
x x
x f

for all
) 4 , 0 ( x
.
(a) Prove that ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ' ) 4 (
2
x f x x f x x .
Hence Prove that ) ( ) ( ) 2 )( 1 2 ( ) ( ) 4 (
) 1 ( 2 ) ( ) 1 ( 2
x f n x f x n x f x x
n n n +
+ + for all positive
integers n, where f f
a

) (
.
(b) Using (a), or otherwise, evaluate ) 2 (
) 7 (
f and ) 2 (
) 8 (
f . (07-2) (6 marks)
14. Let f(x) =
1
2
2
x
x
.
(a) Resolve f(x) into partial fractions.
(b) Find ) 0 (
) (n
f , where n = 1,2 ,3, . (99-4) (5 marks)
15. Let f(x) =
ax n
a x where a is real and n is a positive integer
Evaluate ) 0 (
) 2 ( n
f . (96-1) (4 marks)
16. Let r be a real number. Define
r
x
x
y
,
_

1
1
.
(a) Show that
1
2
2

x
ry
dx
dy
.
(b) For n = 1, 2, 3, , show that 0 ) ( ) ( 2 ) 1 (
) 1 ( 2 ) ( ) 1 ( 2
+ + +
+ n n n
y n n y r nx y x ,
Where y y
) 0 (
and
k
k
k
dx
y d
y
) (
for 1 k . (95-6) (5 marks)
17. Let 1 ) 1 (
2
+x y . Show that for n 2, 0 ) 1 ( 2 ) 1 (
) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) ( 2
+ + +
n n n
y n n nxy y x , where y y
) 0 (

and
k
k
k
dx
y d
y
) (
for k 1. Hence evaluate ) 0 (
) (n
y for n 0. (89-5) (6 marks)
2
Continuity & Differentiability
18. (a) Prove that
0 ln lim
0

+

x x
x
.
(b) Let k be a real constant and
: f
R

R be defined by

'

>
+ +

. 0 ln
, 0 2 cos sin
) (
2
x when x x
x when k x x
x f
It is given that
) (x f
is continuous at 0 x .
(i) Find k.
(ii) Is
) (x f
differentiable at 0 x ? Explain your answer. (07-1) (6 marks)
19. Let a be a constant and
R R f :
be defined by

'

< +

x when x a
x when a x
x
x f
cos
2
) (
2
.
It is known that f is continuous everywhere.
(a) Prove that
4

a
.
(b) Prove that f is differentiation at .
(c) Is
' f
continuous at ? Explain your answer. (05-2) (7 marks)
20. Let f(x) =

'

>
+ +
. 1
sin
, 1
2
x when
x
x when b ax x

If f is differentiable at 1, find a and b. (04-2) (6 marks)

21. f(x) =

'

>

2
sin
2

x if x e
x if ax
bx
If f is continuous at
2

, show that
2
2

b
e
a
.
Furthermore, if f is differentiable at
2

, find the values of a and b. (02-2) (5 marks)

22. Let f: RR be defined by f(x) =

'

< +

. 2
, 2 12
2
3
x when
e
x
e
x
x when x x
x
(a) Show that
0 ) ( ' lim ) ( ' lim
2 2

+

x f x f
x x
.
(b) Is f differentiable at x = 2? Explain your answer. (01-6) (5 marks)
23. Let f(x) =

'

< +
+ +
0 2
sin
0
2
x if x
x
x
x if c bx x
.
(a) If f is continuous at x = 0, find c.
(b) If
) 0 ( ' f
exists, find b. (00-8) (6 marks)
24. Let f(x) =

'

+
>
0
, 0
1
cos
2
x if b ax
x if
x
x
be differentiable at x = 0.
Find a and b. (99-5) (6 marks)
3
25. Let f(x) =
x x
.
(a) Find
) ( ' x f
for x > 0 and x < 0 respectively.
(b) Prove that
) 0 ( ' f
exists.
(c) Prove that
) ( ' x f
is continuous at x = 0. (97-6) (6 marks)
26. Let f(x) =

'

0 0
0
1
sin
3
x if
x if
x
x
.
(a) Evaluate
) ( ' x f
for 0 x .
(b) Prove
) 0 ( ' f
exists.
(c) Is
) ( ' x f
continuous at x = 0? Explain. (96-4) (6 marks)
4
Differentiation of integration
1. Let f be a real-valued function continuous on [0, 1] and differentiable in (0, 1). Suppose f satisfies
A. f(0) = 0,
B. f(1) =
2
1
,
C. 0<f(t)<1 for t(0, 1).
Define

x
x f dt t f x F
0
2
)] ( [ ) ( 2 ) (
for x[0, 1].
(a) Show that
0 ) ( ' > x F
for x(0, 1).
(b) Show that

>
1
0
8
1
) ( dt t f
. (01-5) (6 marks)
2. Let k be positive integer. Evaluate
(a)

x
dt t
dx
d
0
2
cos
,
(b)

k
y
dt t
dy
d
2
0
2
cos
,
(c)

k
y
k
y
dt t
y
2
0
2
2
0
cos
1
lim
. (00-5) (6 marks)
3. Let f : R R be a continuous periodic function with period T.
(a) Evaluate
,
_

+T x x
dt t f dt t f
dx
d
0 0
) ( ) (
.
(b) Using (a), or otherwise, show that


+ T T x
x
dt t f dt t f
0
) ( ) (
for all x. (98-2) (4
marks)
4. For x > 0, define

x
dt
t
t
x F
0
1
sin
) (
.
(a) Find the value of
0
x
for which
) ( ) (
0
x F x F
for all
] 2 , 0 [ x
.
(b) By considering F(0) and F(2), show that F(x) > 0 for all
] 2 , 0 [ x
. (95-4) (7 marks)
5. Let f : R (1,) be a differentiable function.
(a) Differentiate
)] ( 1 ln[ x f +
.
(b) If
) (x f

+
x
dt t f t x
0
2 3
) ( 3 for all R x , by considering
) ( ' x f
,
find f(x). (95-7) (6 marks)
6. Let f : R R be a continuous function. Show that

1
0 0
) ( ) (
x
dt t f dt xt xf for all R x .
If 0 ) (
1
0

dt xt f for all R x , show that f(x) = 0 for all R x . (94-6) (5 marks)

7. Let

x
dx t x f
1
) sin(cos ) (
, where
)
2
, 0 [

x
.
(a) Show that f is injective.
(b) If g is the inverse function of f, find
) 0 ( ' g
. (94-7) (6 marks)
8. (a) Evaluate
( ) dt
du
d
u t

0
2
2
.
(b) Define
) (x F
( )

x
x
t
dt
sec
tan
2
2 for
2 2

< < x
. Solve
0 ) ( ' x F
(91-6) (6 marks)
9. (a) Evaluate

n
x
dt t f
dx
d
0
) ( , where f is continuous and n is a positive integer.
(b) If

2
3
2
) (
x
x
t
dt e x F , find
) 1 ( ' F
. (90-5) (6
marks)
10. Let f(x) =
x
x
dt xt
1
sin
for x > 0.
5
(a) Show that f(x) = du u
x
x

2
1
sin
1
.
(b) Find
) 1 ( ' f
. (89-3) (5
marks)
6