TEST YOURSELF 1 1-20. sorularda, parada bo braklan yere uygun den ifadeyi bulunuz. l- .........

However, lenses have countless more uses other than as an aid to sight. In telescopes, for example, lenses help astronomers to study the stars and planets. Microscopes enable scientists to see things far too small to be seen by the eyes alone. In cameras, lenses bring light to a small area. Picture projectors use lenses to spread light over a large area. A) Mirrors are often used instead of lenses in astronomical telescopes B) Curved glass is called a lens because in earlier days one common kind was shaped like a lentil C) Lenses are either convex or concave depending on their purpose D) An eye defect that interferes with proper vision can be a handicap to work, pleasure and health E) Today millions of people use lenses as eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct defective vision 2The Kon Tiki was a raft of balsa logs bound together with rope. The Norwegian Thor Heyerdahl and five companions set out from Peru on it in 1947, hoping to show that the Pacific islands could have been colonised from South America. ......... . They were proud to have demonstrated that the trip was indeed possible using primitive technology. A) The raft was equipped with all the latest technology for this difficult journey B) Their journey from Peru was arduous, and a successful outcome was doubtful C) Not the whole crew believed firmly that such a journey was possible D) 100 days after they left Peru, they were drifting ashore a Pacific island E) Thor Heyerdahl and most of his crew originally came from Norway As assassins tried to break down the entrance to Perth Abbey, King James sought a hiding place and finally hid himself in a small toilet. A lady-in-waiting, Katherine Douglas, joined him. When she heard the assassins approach, she pushed her arm through the bolt ring to hold it firm. ...... . He died with sixteen wounds in the chest alone. A) The assassins smashed down the door, broke her arm and attacked the king with swords B) She managed to hold the killers off and the king married her as a reward for her bravery C) Katherine was violently attacked by the assassins, who mistook her for the monarch D) A single stroke of the sword took off the hated king's head and killed him instantly E) The king and lady, using the door as a shield, managed to escape from the would-be killers The approach of a major football championship involving the English national team always seems to involve a mixture of anticipation and dread in Britain. Hopes that the English team will do well are usually misplaced. ....... . English fans have been intermittently terrorising towns overseas and attacking foreign rivals for three decades. A) After all, England won the World Cup in 1966 B) Fears that its travelling supporters will run riot are usually fulfilled C) England is probably the best team in the world D) English fans are usually courteous and well-behaved E) Football is the most popular game in the world, except in the United States After its wars against France, America, Cambodia and China, Vietnam is slowly learning how to prosper in peace. Reforms begun in the 1980s promised more economic freedom and a door opened wide to foreign trade and investment. Vietnam's large numbers of literate and entrepreneurial people, coupled with its proximity to China, excited many foreign investors. ........ . As a result, foreign investors have grown tired of waiting for Vietnam to become the next South-East Asian tiger.

A) For these reasons, Vietnam has more than lived up to its promise B) Both North and South Vietnam were heavily bombed during the war with America C) Yet many reforms have been delayed or stalled altogether D) Japan was the first nation to show how economically successful an Asian country could be E) North Korea is now one of the two Communist nations to have rejected capitalist reforms 6Humans share a hoarding instinct with rats, bears, birds and monkeys. ........ . Their tombs have given us practically every artifact they invented, produced or discovered. If the medieval Europeans had not been such storehouse accumulators, much of ancient art, literature, history and philosophy would have been lost to us. A) In fact, people who never throw away anything are called "pack rats" B) Squirrels often hide nuts in the ground and then are unable to find them C) The early Egyptians were, as far as we know, the first bigtime collectors D) Many people enjoy collecting antiques, whether they are useful or not E) It is possible that this could be one proof of Darwin's Theory of Evolution Over a lifetime, a construction worker can expect to have, on average, three or four serious injuries which will keep him off work for more than three days. ........ . Falling from heights is the major killer, but other hazards include electrocution, explosions, inhaling toxic gases and a multitude of chemical hazards from the handling of various solvents, paint removers and resins. Deafness is a major problem from vibrating tools, and many a labourer has contracted asbestos while working on building sites. A) Office workers lead safer working lives B) If he is lucky, he will be paid for the time he takes off from work C) Even teachers are sometimes in danger from angry students or their parents D) Traffic accidents are also dangerous for many people E) He has a one-in-fifty chance of dying due to a site accident

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The eye is the organ of sight. It is ball-shaped and only one small section of it is visible. ....... . Through it, images are received on to the back of the eye, the retina, and then transmitted by the optic nerves to the brain. Eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids and the shape of the bones around the eye are all designed to protect the delicate and exposed cornea. A) The design of the eye provided the inspiration for the construction of the camera B) The visible part is called the cornea, which acts something like the lens of a camera C) Though mammals have got only two eyes, some insects can have hundreds of them D) Often people have less than perfectly formed eyes and therefore need glasses to see E) Most of the rest of the eye is carefully protected and concealed inside the head Christopher Marlow is considered the only English playwright who might have given Shakespeare serious competition. As a student he began to engage in some sort of secret government work on the Continent. He was also highly egocentric, had a quick temper and had a tendency towards drunken brawling. In

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fact, he was killed in a knife-fight at an inn. Many questions remain about his death. ......... ? A) Was he really as great a dramatist as Shakespeare B) Where was he killed, and how C) What, in fact, was his greatest play D) Was it his espionage activity, or alcohol and emotional instability that led to his murder E) How many dramatists could have given Shakespeare serious competition 10- ...... . Each stage is the result of erosion and has its own characteristics. The stages are known as youth, maturity and old age. The terms do not refer to the age of a river in years, but rather to the stages through which it passes in eroding the land over which it travels. The older a river is, the less steep the valley through which it passes is. A) A river is a body of water flowing through a channel towards a lower level B) The cut that a river makes into the landscape is generally known as a river valley C) The place where a river begins its journey to the sea is called its source D) Rivers have been an important part of the Earth's geology for billions of years E) Rivers pass through a series of stages in their development called a life cycle 11- People have been using clay to make models of animals and human figures for at least as long as they have been painting on cave walls. ........... . They needed these pots for storing food or to bury the ashes of their dead. These earliest pots were all made without the use of the wheel, and these same hand building methods continue to be used by many potters today. A) As they settled down to grow crops and raise livestock, the farmer potters began to make functional vessels B) Instead of creating crude pictures for magic purposes, they tried to depict animals as they really looked C) The invention of the potter's wheel revolutionised pottery D) Some of the most beautiful pots on the world have been hand built E) Mankind first began to settle down from nomadic life in northern Mesopotamia 11- The Caspian is the largest inland sea, or salt lake, in the world. The North Caspian and the South Caspian are very different. The north freezes from September to March. ...... . The South, on the other hand, has abundant, almost tropical vegetation and a bustling sugar-cane industry. A) The Caspian is an important source of caviar B) Salt lakes have no outlet, thus evaporation causes a concentration of salts C) Another well-known salt lake is located in Utah, in the western United States D) Vegetation is sparse, and marshlands rule out any serious agriculture E) Its southern shore is the northern fringe of the Middle East 13- ........ . To use it, you must know and accurately input the recipient's address. An address consists of a username, a service and a domain. For example, in oznorml@aol.com, aznorml is the username, aol, in this case, America-On-line, is the server and com, in this case, a commercial organisation, is the domain. Domains are identified in the Domain Name Service, which is managed jointly by AT&T and InterNIC. A) AZNORML is an organisation based in Arizona that is concerned with human rights B) Outside of the US, the final part of the domain represents the country the site is located in C) Electronic mail is probably the most popular and widely used resource on the Internet D) What you can do on the Internet depends on what resources you decide to access E) The Internet is not owned or funded by any one institution, organisation or government

14- There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World, showing that the struggle for survival is long and hard. ....... . Because of this, they have a totally different set of problems. For instance, in one Western country alone, 14.000 children under 15 attempt suicide each year, and one in five children needs psychiatric treatment. A) Of course, twelve million children under five still die every year from the effects of malnutrition B) However, in the rich world, children suffer from a different kind of poverty that of the spirit C) A child growing up in this way learns his role through participating in the community's work D) These children grow up with fewer restrictions of time and space than their Western counterparts E) Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up 15- I had never seen this photograph before. Bunty produced it one day as if by magic. Her Uncle Tom had just died in the nursing home, and she had been by to collect his belongings, ........ . She took this photograph out of that box, and to my surprise, it was of my grandmother. A) which she then donated to the church B) all of which fitted into a cardboard box C) and loaded them into a removal van D) but no one was there to let her have them E) among them were a lot of old photos 16- .......... . These include muscle and bone loss, difficulty in sleeping and loss of balance. Studying astronauts is like watching the aging process speeded up. Thus, observing an old person in space could teach us more about the symptoms of old age, and if they are reversible. A) Recently the oldest astronaut ever went for a week-long journey into space B) One of the original American astronauts recently died of leukemia C) Once selected for a specific mission, an astronaut begins an intensive six-month training period D) Space travellers and the elderly suffer from some of the same problems E) Although many books have been written about space travel, no one ever seemed to mention the aging problem 17- Radio-carbon dating is a method of assessing the age of dead organic matter from the proportion of carbon-14 isotope it contains. ......... . When the plant or animal dies, the isotope begins to disintegrate, or decay. By measuring the extent of this decay, in relation to the known rate of carbon-14 decay, it is possible to asses with accuracy the amount of time that has passed since the plant or animal died. A) This radioactive isotope is created quite naturally by cosmic rays in living matter B) The universe is now thought to be much older than was once believed C) Some objects contain no plant or animal matter D) This method is not so reliable for objects which are known to be more than 20,000 years old E) Fundamentalist Christians, who believe that the world was created 4700 years ago, oppose use of this method 18- The chief reason for the Crusades was liberation of the Holy Land. Other causes, however, were also at work. The Crusades failed to regain the Holy Land, but their contact with the East awakened Europe to new ways of living and to new thinking. This led to the Renaissance, the spark of modern Europe. Another great result of the Crusades was the Age of Discovery. ......... and so they turned westward instead, and finally discovered the New World. A) The longbow was a favourite weapon of the time B) Unlike the other crusades, the Fourth Crusade was ruled by political and commercial greed C) Richard the Lion-hearted was unable to recapture Jerusalem from Saladin

D) The legendary bandit hero Robin Hood dates from this period E) The Muslims kept Europeans from expanding to the east 19- Together, the Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos contain about 21,000 islands and nearly one-fifth of the Earth's coral reefs. ........ . A single bay in the Indo-Pacific sea may contain twice as many coral and fish species as in the entire Caribbean. Unfortunately, fewer than 1O percent of Indonesia's reefs remain in prime condition. In the Philippines, the figure falls below 5 percent. A) Divers are particularly fond of coral reefs B) Coral is formed from the skeletons of tiny sea animals C) There are no other regions that are richer or more complex D) The southern Philippines and Indonesia share a common language E) There is still a lot of piracy in the region 20- Like food and shelter, clothing is a basic human need. One reason man first wore clothing was for protection. His roughly fashioned garments protected him from animal bites, scratches and burns. They also kept him warm and dry. ............ . The construction worker's hard hat, the chemist's rubber gloves and the football player's shoulder pads give protection against injury. The average person may not need special clothing to keep him from being hurt. But most people do need clothing such as heavy coats, waterproof overshoes and sun hats for protection against the weather. A) Climate affects the amount and types of clothing that people wear B) People still wear protective clothing for some types of work and play C) Clothing is also worn for reasons other than protection D) The ready-to-wear industry began to develop in the early years of the 19th century E) Clothing that people in one country find attractive may look strange to people in other countries 21-40. sorularda, karlkl konumann bo braklan blmnde sylenmi olabilecek sz bulunuz. 21- Gail: You're looking really skinny nowadays. Sally: Oh, I know. It's stress and overwork. Gail: ............ Sally: It's out of the question at the moment, I'm afraid. I'm too busy. A) I think you should buy some vitamins or take a tonic. B) You really ought to try to take things easy for a while. C) Wow! I thought you'd been on a really strict diet. D) How can you let your job damage your health? E) That's ridiculous. I don't believe you're working that hard. 22- Jane: Could you take me to the station? I'm late. Ryan: I would, but my car isn't running. Jane: ....... Ryan: I think it needs a new starter motor. A) Oh no! What seems to be wrong with it? B) I told you not to buy that old wreck. C) Maybe I can get there on time if I call a taxi. D) I knew I should have left earlier. E) But I have to be on time for my interview! 23- Roger: Would you like to see the new Mel Gibson film with me? Ellen: ......... Roger: Maybe we can do something else, then. Ellen: That would be nice. Give me a ring sometime. A) Do you mean the one that everyone is talking about? B) Between my studies and my work, I'm just too busy to go out these days. C) I'm sorry Roger, but I got engaged last week, so I can't see you any more. D) Mel Gibson is my favourite actor, and I've been dying to see his new film. E) Thanks anyway, but I've already seen it. 24- Esther: Could I get new soles and heels on these please? Cobbler: ....... Esther: Do you really think so? Cobbler: Yes, I'm afraid these are beyond repair. A) Certainly. They should be ready by tomorrow afternoon. B) I'm afraid your teeth are in terrible shape.

C) You'll need more than that. In fact, you'll need a new engine. D) You'd be better off getting a new pair. E) Of course. What size prints would you like? 25- Chris: We're going to a folk bar tomorrow night. Do you want to come? Hope: ....... Chris: That's right. I forgot you don't smoke. Hope: Let me know when you are doing something healthy outdoors! A) Sorry, but those places are always so smoky that they give me a sore throat. B) I'm afraid that's not my favourite kind of music. C) Only if they have a good vegetarian menu. D) Okay, but only if you promise not to smoke while we are there. E) I'm afraid I can't. I'm working the night shift all this week. 26- Frank: I'd like to fly to Japan the first week in May. Travel Agent: I'm sorry, but there is a big Japanese holiday then and all flightsare booked solid. Frank: ....... Travel Agent: By mid-May everything will be back to normal. A) That sounds like fun. I love local holidays. B) I didn't know that. When is the earliest time that I could go? C) I don't suppose there is any chance of a cancellation, is there? D) Really? What kind of a holiday is it? E) That's so inconvenient. I really wish people would be more considerate. 27- Waiter: Can I get you anything else, Sir? Brian: ....... Waiter: Apple pie is our specialty, Sir, or you can have fruit salad. Brian: On second thought, I won't have anything else. A) Just the bill, please. The dessert was delicious. B) Yes. What are your main courses? C) What would you recommend for a dessert? D) I'm in a hurry, so could I just have a quick cup of coffee? E) Can I have a look at the menu again please? 28- Pierre: I heard you speaking English with some tourists. You sounded really good. Louis: ........ Pierre: Well, it sounded good to me. Louis: I've only learnt it from books, but I went to school in Germany for three years. A) It should; I'm virtually fluent. B) That wasn't English I was speaking; it was German. C) It's a good thing they asked me directions in a language I know so well. D) I wish I knew it as well as I know Spanish. E) Thanks, but my English is not very good compared to my German. 29- Kirn: Excuse me. Could you tell me if the managing director is in? Naomi: He is, but he is in a meeting. Have you got an appointment? Kirn: ....... Naomi: Oh, in that case, I'll interrupt the meeting to let him know you are here. A) No, I prefer to take people by surprise. B) Well no, but I am his daughter, and I've just come back after studying abroad for two years. C) I've been so busy that I didn't have time to make an appointment. D) What kind of a meeting is it? I might be interested. E) Every time I try to make.an appointment, he just puts me off, and I'm getting fed up. 30- Jim: Did you see all the smoke coming out of the building next door? Alan: No, what was it all about? Jim: .......

Alan: That's a relief. It could have been much worse. A) There's a fire that looks as if it might spread. We'd better get out of here. B) An armed man tried to hold up one of the shops downstairs. C) I'm not sure, but I think I'd better call the Fire Department. D) A fire started, but fortunately, the Fire Department responded quickly. E) I think it was a burst water main because the whole street is flooded. 31- Hugh: I read a. really good novel by Ernest Hemingway, but I can't remember the title. Alison: ....... Hugh: I think it was either about the First World War or the Spanish Civil War. Alison: That's not very helpful. 1 think you had better read it again. A) I've read that one as well. It was One of his best. B) Are you sure it was Ernest Hemingway? I thought it was John Steinbeck. C) Did you know that he always used to write standing up? D) He was a good writer, but his personal life was a mess. E) If you tell me what it was about, maybe I can help you. 32- George: My house needs some repairs, but I'm not sure where I can find reliable workmen. Lenny: My brother-in-law has his own construction company. Maybe he can help you out. George: ........ Lenny: No, but he has been in business for 20 years, so he can't be too bad. A) Don't you think it is a better idea if I do the work myself? B) Isn't he the one who did the awful work on your roof? C) I'm sure he must be reliable if you recommend him. D) He did some work for me last year and it all had to be redone. E) How can I be sure he is reliable? Has he done any work for you? 33- Lisa: How was your holiday? Barbara: ....... Lisa: But you were looking forward to it so much. Barbara: I know, but everything possible went wrong. A) I wish it had never ended. B) It could hardly have been better. C) It couldn't have been worse. D) It surpassed my wildest dreams. E) It was fine while it lasted. 34- Hilary: Have you been to the new disco downtown? Alex: No, loud music gives me a headache, and all the lights make me dizzy. Hilary: ....... Alex: No. It's just my interests are different from yours. A) Don't you think you are a little too boring? B) Maybe that's why I have been getting migraines recently. C) I guess you wouldn't want to go tonight then. D) l agree, but you have to go there if you want to be noticed. E) It's such a relief to meet someone who doesn't go where everyone else does. 35- Agent: What can I do for you, Sir? John: ....... Agent: I have several nice properties of that description for rent. Or are you interested in buying? John: I shouldn't think so unless the price is exceptionally good. A) I'm looking for a one-bedroom flat close to public transport and shops. B) I think it is time I took out a good life insurance policy. C) Have you got any good late model, low-milage used vans? D) I need to upgrade my system so that it is compatible with the latest models. E) I'm having some financial'difficulties and need to re-mortgage my house. 36- Ed: How much do you charge for photocopies? Winston: ......... Ed: Quite a few. At least a hundred I think. Winston: In that case, we can give you a 15% discount off the normal rate. A) Are you in a hurry, or can you wait?

B) When I was a student, there weren't any photocopy machines. C) There is a shop that does them just down the street on the right. D) If you tell me how much you normally pay, I'll try to match the price. E) It depends how many pages you want copied. 37- Taxi Driver: That will be 6.50, please. Fran: ....... Taxi driver: You must be joking. Fran: Wait just a minute, and I'll see if the news agent over there can break it. A) That comes to about $10 in American money, doesn't it? B) I hope you've got change. All I've got is a 50 note. C) That seems awfully expensive for such a short ride. D) Oh no, I've left my money at home. E) Do you want cash, or do you take credit cards? 38- Jake: Did you realise that if our bodies were compressed into material as dense as that found in a pulsar, we would be invisible without a microscope? Roy: ......... Jake: Maybe so, but don't you find it interesting? Roy: Not really, since I don't even know what a pulsar is. A) Can't you see I'm too busy to listen to all that nonsense? B) Isn't that the same as a super-nova remnant? C) I can hardly imagine any information more useless than that. D) Who would there be to look at us if we were so small? E) I think I read somewhere that pulsars were not discovered until 1967. 39- Dorothy: Mum and Dad's 25th wedding anniversary is next week. Wilfred: ......... Dorothy: Well then, they'll think we've forgotten and make other plans. Wilfred: I suppose you are right. We'd better tell them about it. A) Let's get them a really nice present. B) Do you think they'd appreciate a cake? C) Have they really been married that long? It seems like yesterday. D) Let's tell them not to make any plans of their own so we can all do something together. E) Shall we take them out for a surprise dinner? 40- Alice: There is no more mineral water in the fridge, and we've got guests coming. Jerry: I was sure we bought some when we went to the supermarket. Alice: ....... Jerry: You're right, there's plenty here, but it's not cold, so we'll have to use ice. A) Try looking under the sink then. B) You'd better run out and get some more. C) I told you to buy some, but you said we had plenty. D) It's so hot that I'm sure everyone will be thirsty. E) I guess everyone will have to drink beer instead. 41-60. sorularda, hangi cmlenin anlam bakmndan paraya uygun olmadn bulunuz. 41- (I) Dental Association findings show that sucrose, another name for sugar, is the primary cause of tooth decay. (II) Children's teeth may also be discoloured by the fluoride in water. (Ill) In addition, sucrose is associated with two other health problems obesity and diabetes. (IV) Other researchers link it with heart dn?ase as well. (V) Thus experts recommend restricting the frequency of intake of this sweet food. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 42- (I) During World War II, the American General Douglas MacArthur won fame for his defense of the Philippines against the Japanese and then for his gradual reconquest of the Southwest Pacific. (II) The Japanese surrendered in 1945 after atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (Ill) After the invasion of South Korea by North Korean forces, he

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was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations forces. (IV) His surprise landing at Inchon destroyed the Communist momentum. (V) However, he was later relieved of command by President Harry Truman because it appeared that he was trying to provoke war with China. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V (I) Heliopolis was an ancient city in the Nile delta dedicated to the sun god Ra. (II) It was the centre of Egyptian sun-worship. (Ill) Its priestly colleges of philosophy and astronomy were widely respected. (IV) On the other hand, in ancient Greece, arts and philosophy flourished in Athens. (V) Moreover, the field of art was also highly developed, judging from existing evidence. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V (I) Atilla, with 40,000 Hun warriors, swept across the Rhine and invaded Gaul in 451. (II) As a pretext for his invasion, Atilla stated that the Western Roman Emperor's sister, Honoria, had sent him her ring and asked him to rescue her from an unwanted arranged marriage. (Ill) Atilla had succeeded to the throne of the Huns in 434. (IV) Atilla accepted Honoria's request, claimed her as his bride, and demanded half the Western Roman Empire as her dowry. (V) The resulting battle led to Atilla's first and only defeat. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V (I) Gabriele Rossetti, a political refugee from Italy, and his wife, Frances Polidori Rossetti, had four children two sons and two daughters. (II) All four children became famous in the arts during the era of Romanticism. (III) Maria Francesca became a writer; Dante Gabriel a poet and painter; William Michael a critic; ;uid Christina a poet. (IV) Of the four, Dante Gabriel and Christina are the best known. (V) Yet, Alessandro Manzoni, who was a poet, dramatist and novelist, was the chief voice of Italian Romanticism. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V (I) Throughout most of history, women generally have had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than men. (II) Wifehood and motherhood were, and in some societies still are, regarded as women's most significant professions. (Ill) What annoys most women is that, housework is not considered "work" even though it takes up a housewife's time practically from morning until evening. (IV) In the 20th century, however, women in most nations won the right to vote and increased their educational and job opportunities. (V) Perhaps most important, they fought for and to a large degree accomplished a re-evaluation of traditional views of their role in society. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

50- (I) The great Victorian novelist Anthony Trollope did not deal in the Tolstoian theme of the grand passion. (II) Tolstoi changed his way of life in 1879, and decided to live by a code of nonviolence, universal love and forgiveness, and simplicity. (Ill) Trollope turned that preoccupation into serious literary and monetary success. (IV) His distant relation the contemporary novelist Joanna Trollope is following in his footsteps. (V) Her novels, intelligent and acutely perceptive observations on middle-class England, have sold more than 6 million copies around the world. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 51- (I) Fleas are a great nuisance for monkeys, and they are often seen patiently picking fleas out of one another's fur. (II) Fleas, which are intricate, adaptable and bloodsucking parasites, are known to be very hardy. (Ill) They can survive without food for months and leap 150 times their own length: the equivalent of a man jumping about 300 metres. (IV) They can even remain frozen for a year and then revive. (V) But there is a darker side of these long jumpers: as carriers of plague, fleas have claimed more victims than all the wars ever fought, A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 52- (I) During the first century AD, the Roman Empire was approaching full expanse in Europe. (II) Around the same time, in America, the Moche people of Peru were evolving one of the most remarkable civilisations of the ancient world. (Ill) To sustain it, they harnessed rivers spilling from the Andes, channelling them into a network of irrigation canals. (IV) The Andes were the home of advanced Indian civilisations centuries before Europeans arrived. (V) Though these early Peruvians had no written language, they left a vivid artistic record of their life and culture in beautifully painted ceramics and exquisitely crafted objects of precious metals. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 53- (I) The rainy climate and the island's rocky coastline have prevented the establishment of big-time tourism in Dominica, one of the poorest islands in the Caribbean. (II) Its 300 hotel rooms are never full, and no airport on the island can accommodate standard commercial jets. (Ill) Instead, agriculture forms the backbone of the economy. (IV) However, farming the mountain slopes is back-breaking, and not very profitable. (V) On the other hand, the developing market economy of the ovalshaped island of Martinique is largely based on tourism and export-oriented agriculture. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 54- (I) Japanese architecture derived largely from the older Chinese architecture. (II) Many ancient Chinese buildings are still forbidden to Westerners. (Ill) However, it developed on different lines and has a character of its own. (IV) Examples of the architecture that are more than 1000 years old still survive. (V) Until recently, buildings were built entirely of timber to withstand earthquakes, but the traditional construction has now been largely replaced by concrete structures. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 55- (I) Many schools of psychotherapy use dream interpretation techniques to gain insight into individual problems. (II) Dreams are illusions or hallucinations of real experiences, but what type of reality they express is difficult to decipher. (Ill) Each school differs in its method of interpretation, though. (IV) For example, Freudian therapists might interpret a patient's dream of a round, pale globe as a symbol of the mother's breast. (V) The psychiatrist Alfred Adler, on the other hand, might interpret the globe as the Sun, which is superior to the Earth, and which reflects the patient's strivings for superiority. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 56- (I) Colonists divided Africa into more than 50 states, whose boundaries were set without regard for where the people lived or how they organised their own political divisions. (II) Many Africans have long dreamed of unifying their continent into a giant "United States of Africa." (Ill) After World War II, along

47- (I) Grasses are common in Mongolia in the steppe zone and plain, and these give way to desert plants or little vegetation in the Gobi. (II) Mongolia's worst weather in decades has killed nearly two million camels, goats, horses and other livestock. (Ill) A drought last summer was followed by heavy snow this winter. (IV) Grass is now so hard to come by in a large part of Mongolia that about 1.7 million head of livestock have starved. (V) The disaster has hit about 400,000 nomadic people, 40 percent of the herding population in this central Asian nation of 2.7 million. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 48- (I) James Cook was born on 27 October, 1728, at Marton, north Yorkshire in England. (II) His father was a farm labourer. (Ill) The son was to become the most famous navigator in the world, discovering and charting coastlines from the Arctic to the Antarctic, the east coast of Australia to the west coast of North America, and hundreds of islands between. (IV) The natives of the Hawaiian Islands at first thought he was a god. (V) Cook gave the world a chart of New Zealand, which mariners relied upon for many years, and his discoveries in Australia led to the founding of the first colony there only eighteen years later. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 49- (I) Nearly all higher vertebrates can make some vocal sounds. (II) An owl's hoot, a dog's bark and a lion's roar are all sounds, for example. (Ill) The lion's roar is the most terrifying voice in the animal kingdom. (IV) Only humans, however, can laugh, cry, sing and speak. (V) This is because such complex voice sounds require the coordination of many different parts of the body. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

with the rise of nationalism in colonial territories, there emerged a continent-wide Pan-African movement. (IV) The dream of a United States of Africa remains distant. (V) But African governments have already participated in several international and regional organisations designed to promote African unity. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 57- (I) The pioneer of television was John Logic Baird, who produced the very first televisual image in 1924. (II) Two years later he demonstrated his invention to the Royal Institution of Great Britain. (Ill) Today, it is difficult to imagine life without television. (IV) His system was adopted for further development by the British Broadcasting Corporation in 1929. (V) Then in 1936, it was used when the BBC opened the world's first television service. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 58- (I) For many centuries the tides have been familiar to sailors and the inhabitants of seacoasts. (II) They were not understood, however, until the 17th century, when Isaac Newton proposed the law of gravitational attraction. (Ill) According to this law, the tides are caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon and the Sun on the Earth. (IV) For this reason they are called the astronomical tides. (V) Ideally both the kinetic energy and the potential energy of these tides can be harnessed. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 59- (I) People who work in one trade, industry or service are often organised into associations called trade unions. (II) The chief aims of a trade union are to safeguard the jobs of its members and to represent their interests. (Ill) The modern trade union movement began in Britain in the 19th century, when working people were often ruthlessly exploited by their employers. (IV) During the Industrial Revolution, the government had accepted the doctrine that it should keep hands off business. (V) As individuals they were helpless, but as an organised group, they could act to improve their conditions. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 60- (I) Karate is generally considered to be a Japanese martial art. (II) Despite this popular belief, it did not come to Japan until 1916. (Ill) Prior to this time, it was practised solely by the Okinawa islanders. (IV) Jujitsu, on the other hand, is a technique which was developed over many centuries by the Japanese. (V) They had developed it centuries earlier as a means of weaponless defence against the Japanese. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

TEST 1. E 11. A 21. B 31. E

YOURSELF 2. 12. 22. 32. D D A E 3. A 13. C 23. E 33. C

1 4. B 5. C 15. B 25. A 35. A 6. 16. 26. 36. C D B E 7. E 8. B 9. D 19. C 10. E 20. B

14. B 24. D 34. A

17. A 27. 37. C B

18. E 28. 38. E C

29. B 30. D 39. E 40. A

41. B 51. A

42. 52.

B D

43. D 53. E

44. C 54. B

45. E 55. B

46. 56.

C A

47.

48. D 58. E

49. C 59. D

50. B 60. D

57. C