12 SCSC wksp1 007 PDF

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2012/SCSC/WKSP/007
Risk Assessment in the IECEE CB Scheme

Submitted by: IEC
Workshop on Developing a Harmonised Electrical Equipment Regulatory Risk Assessment Tool Singapore 15-16 May 2012
Risk Assessment in the IECEE CB Scheme

APEC EE JRAC Workshop Developing a Harmonised Electrical Equipment Regulatory Risk Assessment Tool May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore
Dennis CHEW Regional Director IEC-APRC Singapore
IEC Structure
IEC COUNCIL
Full Member National Committees Management Advisory Committees
COUNCIL BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (IEC Officers)
CENTRAL OFFICE (The Executive)
STANDARDIZATION MANAGEMENT BOARD (SMB) Management of consensus International Standards work

Technical Committees Technical Advisory Committees Industry Sector Boards
MARKET STRATEGY BOARD (MSB) Technology watch / market priorities
CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT BOARD (CAB) Management of Conformity Assessment operations and systems
IECEE
IECEx IECQ
APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore
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WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement
The CAB & Conformity Assessment Systems
CAB - Conformity Assessment Board IECEE

System for Conformity Testing and Certification of Electrotechnical Equipment and Components
IECEx
System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for use in Explosive Atmospheres
IECQ
Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components
CB Scheme
CB-FCS CB FCS Scheme PV Programme
E3 Energy Efficiency Hazardous Substances
Ex Equipment Ex Services Ex Personnel
Active &Passive components
Processes HSPM Avionics
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What is the IEC?

Founded in 1906 the INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies collectively known as electrotechnology. The IEC also Th l operates t Conformity C f it Assessment A t Systems that provide third party testing and certification to products and systems against its International Standards.
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What is the IECEE System?

Fully integrated in the IEC, based in Geneva Founded in 1985 Based on the principle of Multi Lateral Agreement Operates third party C.A. Schemes and Programmes Facilitate trade and provides easy access to the Global Market Promotes harmonization but takes into account National Differences
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IECEE Member Bodies by Economies

Malaysia Mexico N th l d Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Serbia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia S th Africa South Af i Spain Sweden Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States
Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain Belarus Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chi China Colombia Croatia Czech Rep. Denmark
Finland France Germany Greece Hungary India Indonesia Ireland Israel I l Italy Japan Kenya Korea Rep. of Libya
53 Participating Economies
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IECEE Membership
IECEE is a voluntary C.A. System of National Member Bodies that fully represent electrotechnical l h i l interests i in i their h i economies i
Government, industry, testing laboratories, academia, retailers, consumer groups
Membership one Member Body per economy MB Unlimited number of Certification Bodies - NCBs Unlimited number of Testing Laboratories CBTLs Unlimited number of Manufacturers Testing Laboratories - MTLs
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Members of the IECEE System
The Members of the IECEE System are:

53 Member Bodies - 1 per Economy 75 Certification Bodies - 1 or more per Economy 359 Testing Laboratories - 1 or more per Economy 47 ACTLs 2219 Manufacturers Testing Laboratories
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The IECEE CB Scheme and FCS Scheme

In recognition of the need to facilitate international trade in electrotechnical equipment, and components primarily intended for use in homes, homes offices offices, workshops healthcare facilities and similar locations, for benefit of consumers, industries, authorities etc, and to provide convenience for manufacturers and other users of the services provided by various National Certification Bodies (NCBs), two international Schemes are operated by the IECEE, known as the: CB Scheme CB-FCS Full Certification Scheme
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IECEE Conformity Assessment Schemes
The IECEE Schemes are based on the principle of mutual recognition (reciprocal acceptance) by its worldwide members of test results for obtaining certification or approval at national level. The IECEE Schemes in the last decade have naturally evolved and become de facto the most accepted proof of compliance by many Economies Authorities and Regulators as the passport to entry their markets without further testing.
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IECEE facilitates International Trade
The IECEE Schemes are intended to reduce obstacles to international trade which arise from having to meet different national certification or approval criteria. criteria
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National IECEE facilitates Differences International Trade
Where national standards are not yet completely based on IEC standards, declared national differences are taken into account. However, successful operation of the Scheme presupposes that national standards are reasonably harmonized with the corresponding IEC standards.
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The scope of the CB Scheme Scope of the IECEE System
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Household Appliances
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Safety-Performance-Environmental
Safety
IEC Standards for electrical safety
Energy efficiency Environmental IEC Standards for energy Protection

efficiency IECEE H Hazardous d Substances Program
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The CB Scheme and CB-FCS Processes
Sample request
CB requests sample(s) and sets the testing programme CBTLs Staff performs the measuring and testing programme CBs Staff performs the Factory Inspection CBs Staff evaluates the Test Report CBs officer takes the Certification decision
Testing
CB-FCS
Inspection Evaluation Decision Licence
CB issues the CB Test Certificate and Test Report

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IECEE System in action

Conformity
NCB- Certification Body A

issuing
Assessment Type test Type test Certificate program program Conformity Assessment National National Report differences differences Factory (if applicable) Inspection (if applicable) Factory Audit Report National differences
(if applicable)
Test Report National differences

(if applicable)
Laboratory
Testing
Analyzing
Application documents
APPLICANT
Conformity Assessment Factory Certificate Audit Report Conformity Assessment Report Auditing Factory Audit Report National differences
(if applicable)
Factory
NCB Economy B1
Recognizing
15 working days
Market
Regulators
Retailers/Vendors Buyers
NCB Economy B2
Recognizing
NCB Economy B3
Recognizing
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IECEE Membership
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Countries Certification Bodies Testing Laboratories
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IECEE CB Schemea success story
70'000 60'000 50'000 40'000 30'000 20 000 20'000 10'000 '0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Certificates re-issued over the publication of new editions of standards
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Energy Consumption Energy Performance Noise Level

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The use of the IECEE System Ensures that the product are safe Prevents redundant testing Facilitate trade Support regulatory policies provides a competitive edge!
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Way forward in 2012
More Affiliate Plus economies Expand p mentoring g programme p g Cooperation with regional bodies Reach out to Pacific Islands and West Africa Training on regional basis /Virtual training Adoption event with ISO New benefits in conformity assessment
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History of the Affiliate Programme
In 2001 IEC had stable membership (since 1906!) but membership requirements were 1906!), deterring developing economies World Trade Organization was looking for ways to ensure effective participation of Members, and particularly of developing economy Members M b in i [international [i t ti l standardization organizations] activities. The IEC found a unique approach to ensuring that participation.
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IECEE AFFILIATE ECONOMIES
Removing trade barriers

Through its global reach, the IEC Affiliate E Economy P Programme results lt in i increased i d awareness, use and adoption of IEC International Standards in developing and newly industrialized economies. It also helps develop trade with these new markets, as participants adopt IEC International Standards and use the IEC Conformity Assessment Systems, in particular IECEE, the IEC System of Conformity Assessment Schemes for Electrotechnical Equipment and Components
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Benefits This is of particular interest to industry, which can export to and import from these areas with the assurance that their products and services will operate safely and efficiently.
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Benefits This is also of particular interest to Affiliate Economies, which can set the basis in their own economies to build the necessary Conformity Assessment structures to ensure that importing p g electrical goods g are compliant with IEC International Standards in terms of safety and efficiency.
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The IECEE CB Scheme.m

Ensures that the products are safe and efficient Minimizes the risk to property and persons Contributes to the environmental aspects & public health Supports regulatory policies
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THANK YOU! Any question?
www.iecee.org
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Technical Committee 61 SAFETY OF HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
IEC approach to Risk Assessment Standards Methodology

Singapore - 2012-05-15
Derek Johns Chairman IEC/TC 61
15
Contents
Aim Guides Types of Standards Fire Hazard Risk Reduction Accessible Surface Temperature Risk Reduction Conclusions
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Contents
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Aim of Risk Assessment at the microlevel
To achieve a level of tolerable risk
Balance between absolute safety and demanded performance of the appliance Suitability of purpose Benefit to the user Cost effective Conventions of society concerned
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Methodology
Identify the hazard usually via risk analysis
Electric shock Mechanical Explosion Ionising and Non-ionising radiation Fire Temperature Biological and Chemical Unattended operation Electricity supply system faults Other
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Risk analysis Using risk analysis a lack of incident history does not equate to low risk
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Solutions
Assess the level of harm caused by the hazard
Slight (reversible short term) High (reversible long term) Serious (irreversible possibly death)
Apply a risk reduction solution to the design
Inherently safe design measures Safeguarding Information for use to cover residual risk Training Clear instructions Use of protective equipment
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Contents
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Guides
IEC Guide 116 - Guidelines for safety related risk assessment and risk reduction for low voltage equipment ISO/IEC Guide 50 - Safety aspects Guidelines for child safety ISO/IEC Guide 51 - Safety aspects Guidelines for their inclusion in standards ISO/IEC Guide 71 - Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities IEC Guide 117 - Electrotechnical equipment Temperatures of touchable hot surfaces
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Contents
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Types of Standards
Basic safety publications - publication on a specific safetyrelated matter, , applicable pp to many y electrotechnical p products
IEC 60695 series, IEC 60664 series, IEC 61508 series
Group safety publications - publication covering all safety aspects of a specific group of products within the scope of two or more product TCs
IEC 61010 series, IEC 60825, IEC 61558 series
t d d on f fundamental d t l principles, i i l Horizontal standards - standard
concepts, terminology or technical characteristics, relevant to a number of technical committees and of crucial importance to ensure the coherence of the corpus of standardization documents
IEC 60050 series (IEV), IEC 60417 database
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Types of standards
Product safety publications - publication

covering all safety aspects of one or more products within the scope of a single product TC
IEC 60204 series (machines) IEC 60335 series (appliances) IEC 60598 series (luminaires) ( ) IEC 60601 series (medical electrical equipment) IEC 60745 series (hand-held tools) IEC 60950 series (IT equipment)
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Contents
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Fire Hazard in Appliances - Example
Motor start capacitor in refrigerator
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Fire Hazard in Appliances - Example
Fan heater
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Fire Hazard Risk Reduction
Selected parts of the IEC 60695 series of basic safety standards are used This allows for
An end-product test option A material pre-selection test option
These options are alternatives to reduce the fire hazard risk posed by appliances they are not equivalents
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Which end-product test option standard is used ?
Test standard used is: IEC 60695-2-11 Fire Hazard Testing Part 2-11: Glowing/hot wire based test methods Glow-wire flammability test method for end products
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Risk Assessment
For appliances, the glow-wire test severity is selected according to the risk presented by a given type of appliance. The fire hazard risk is assessed based on three criteria
Whether the appliance is attended or unattended during normal use; The rms value of current passing through an electrical connection during normal use; The proximity of non-metallic material to such connections.
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Selection of Test Severity
For all appliances and regardless of current a minimum severity of 550 C is specified as being applicable to nonmetallic material. material For attended appliances the break point current is 0,5 A for testing non-metallic material in proximity to a connection
Severity is 750 C if the current > 0,5 A Severity is 650 C if the current 0,5 A
For unattended appliances the break point current is 0,2 A for testing non-metallic material in proximity to a connection
Severity is 850 C and 750 C if the current > 0,2 A Severity is 650 C if the current 0,2 A
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Consequential Testing
If the test specimen emits flames during the
application of the glow-wire, the consequential fire hazard created may necessitate further tests using other ignition sources such as a needle-flame applied to those parts which are reached by the emitted flames.
For unattended appliances, the reported results of f the 750 C and 650 C glow-wire tests related to the test specimen are used to decide whether further fire hazard tests are necessary
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Material Pre-selection test option standards
IEC 60695-2-12, 60695 2 12 Glow-wire Glow wire flammability index (severities selected from 550 C, 650 C, 750 C or 850 C depending on the glow-wire test severity specified in IEC 60335-1) IEC 60695-2-13, Glow-wire ignition temperature (severities selected from 675 C or 775 C ( depending on the glow-wire test severity specified in IEC 60335-1 for the consequential test decision for unattended appliances
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Material Pre-selection test option for the Needle Flame Test
IEC 60695-11-10, 50 W Flame Tests
HB40 classification required as a pre-
selection option for the 550 C glow-wire test pre-selection option for the needle flame test
At least V-1 classification required for the

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Which Option to Choose
The choice of option (end product test or material pre-selection) is not specified in IEC 60335-1 The choice is strictly a commercial decision to be made by the appliance manufacturer
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Options to Avoid the Consequential Test
Use the g glow-wire ignition g temperature p prep selection option; Use the 50 W flame test pre-selection option; Use of V-1 rated flame barriers; Appropriate placement of parts with respect to current carrying connections.
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Contents
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Temperature Hazard in Appliances Example
Under bench glass oven door
11 Days after oven door contact

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Temperature Hazard in appliances Example
Hair straightener
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Accessible Surface Temperature Risk Reduction
Selection of surface temperature rise limits for non-functionally heated surfaces Non-functionally heated surfaces are:
Non-functional surfaces that can be

touched when the equipment is operated during normal use
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Which Document is Used ?
The document used for guidance on surface temperature rise selection is
IEC Guide 117: Electrotechnical equipment Temperatures of touchable hot surfaces
The data in this Guide is based on
ISO 13732-1: Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 1: Hot surfaces
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Risk Assessment
The temperature rise limits are selected based on:
Persons expected to touch the surface Expected Touch time Texture of surface (smooth or not smooth). For rough surfaces 2 C is added to the smooth surface threshold upper limit Thermal inertia of surface material, (product of density, thermal conductivity and specific thermal capacity) Acceptable burn threshold
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Selection of temperature rise limits
Persons expected to touch the surface are selected from healthy adults, people with physical disabilities and children Expected Touch times are generally selected from 0,5 s to 15 s depending on the persons expected to touch the surface Burn thresholds for short contact periods (up to 10 s) are given as spreads because knowledge of the boundary between a non-burn and onset of a burn is incomplete 60/69 APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore
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Relationship between burn threshold and contact period
Surfacetemperaturespreads touchtimesfor differentmaterials

100
Surface t temperature C
90
1 2
80
70
60
50
40 0.1
0.5
10
15
60
100
1000
10000
100000
600
Contact period (s)

28800
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Burn Threshold Spreads
The key to the data shown in the previous slide is
1 Plastics and wood 2 Ceramics, glass and stone material 3 Uncoated metal
The burn threshold for water is derived from the lower limit of the burn threshold spread established for uncoated metal
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Selection of Limits Within a Spread
For healthy adults, elderly people and people with physical disabilities, a figure in the middle of the spread can be chosen For children, F hild a figure fi more towards t d the th lower end of the spread should be chosen. For products specifically made for children, the value on the lower end of the spread is used.
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Probability and Consequences of Touching
The higher the probability of touching a hot surface, the more should a figure towards the lower end of the spread be chosen The lower the probability of touching a hot surface, the more can a figure towards the upper end of the spread be chosen The more severe the consequences of touching a h t surface, hot f the th more essential ti l that th t a figure fi towards t d the lower end of the spread shall be chosen The less severe the consequences of touching a hot surface, the more a figure towards the upper end of the spread can be chosen
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Contents
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Conclusions
The micro micro-risk risk assessment applied to specify safety requirements in international standards
is robust leads to prudent solutions to address identified hazards compliments the macro-risk assessment for product selection requiring enhanced regulatory intervention
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T-Factor Conclusions
The two examples given show how some of the T-Factor: Product is likely to be used by
unsupervised children working surfaces
macro-risk macro risk assessment T factors are addressed
T-Factor: Product that has hot accessible nonT Factor: Product is commonly used locally in T-Factor: an unattended mode but classified internationally as used attended
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P-Factor Conclusion
P-Factor :The applicable international Solution: Become involved with the
standard is considered to be inadequate
International I t ti l standards t d d process and d make the standards adequate
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Thank you for your attention.
35

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___________________________________________________________________________

Risk Assessment in the IECEE CB Scheme

Risk Assessment in the IECEE CB Scheme

Dennis CHEW Regional Director IEC-APRC Singapore

COUNCIL BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (IEC Officers)

CENTRAL OFFICE (The Executive)

STANDARDIZATION MANAGEMENT BOARD (SMB) Management of consensus International Standards work

MARKET STRATEGY BOARD (MSB) Technology watch / market priorities

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

The CAB & Conformity Assessment Systems

CAB - Conformity Assessment Board IECEE

Ex Equipment Ex Services Ex Personnel

Active &Passive components

Processes HSPM Avionics

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

What is the IEC?

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

What is the IECEE System?

IECEE Member Bodies by Economies

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

Government, industry, testing laboratories, academia, retailers, consumer groups

Members of the IECEE System

The Members of the IECEE System are:

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

The IECEE CB Scheme and FCS Scheme

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

IECEE Conformity Assessment Schemes

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

IECEE facilitates International Trade

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

National IECEE facilitates Differences International Trade

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

The scope of the CB Scheme Scope of the IECEE System

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

Energy efficiency Environmental IEC Standards for energy Protection

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

The CB Scheme and CB-FCS Processes

Inspection Evaluation Decision Licence

CB issues the CB Test Certificate and Test Report

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

IECEE System in action

NCB- Certification Body A

Test Report National differences

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

IECEE CB Schemea success story

Energy Consumption Energy Performance Noise Level

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

Way forward in 2012

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

History of the Affiliate Programme

IECEE AFFILIATE ECONOMIES

Removing trade barriers

WTO-Symposium on the 15th Anniversary of the Information Technology Agreement

IECEE AFFILIATE ECONOMIES

APEC EE JRAC Workshop May 15 - 16 2012, Singapore

IECEE AFFILIATE ECONOMIES