Set No: 1

Code No: V3214/R07 III B. Tech - II Semester Regular, Examinations, April/May 2011 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITION (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. (a) Discuss the applications of refrigeration (b) A refrigeration circuit is to cool a room at 00C using outside air at 300C to reject the heat. The refrigerant is R134a. The temperature difference at the evaporator and the condenser is 5 K. Find the Carnot COP for the process, the Carnot COP for the refrigeration cycle and the ideal vapour compression cycle COP when using R134a. [6 +10] 2. (a) What is sub cooling and super heating? Explain with the help of a diagram. Why is superheating considered to be good in certain cases? (b) A refrigerating unit is working between 400C and 100C. The load on the unit is 5tons. Find: i) COP of the system, ii) Power required to run system. Assume that the refrigerant is dry and saturated vapour leaving the evaporator and compression is isentropic. The refrigerant used is NH3. If the temperature of the refrigerant required in the evaporator is 200C, then, find the change in COP of the system and the power required. [8+8] 3. (a) What are the different types of compressors? Mention the fields for the use of each refrigeration systems giving reasons? (b) A two cylinder reciprocating compressor with 5% clearance is used in a refrigeration cycle to take load of 7.5 tons at 50C evaporating temperature and 400C condensing temperature. The compression index is 1.15. The speed of the piston is limited to 3 m/s. Take the ratio of stroke to bore as 0.8. If the refrigerant used is Freon 12, determine i).Power consumption of the compressor and C.O.P. of the cycle ii).Volumetric efficiency of the compressor and iii).Bore and stroke and rpm of the compressor. Consider ideal cycle. [6+10] 4. (a) Draw a neat diagram of lithium bromide water absorption system and explain its working. List the major field application of this system (b) In a vapour absorption refrigeration system, heating, cooling and refrigeration takes place at the temperatures of 1000C, 200C and -50C respectively. Find the maximum C.O.P of the system. [10+6] 5. (a) Under what circumstances, the steam jet refrigeration system more preferable over other systems? (b) With suitable sketches explain the functions of the components of steam jet refrigeration plant [6+10]

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Set No: 1
Code No: V3214/R07 6. (a) Define relative humidity, specific humidity, and dew-point temperature and describe a theoretical method for determining their values. (b) Calculate, i). Relative humidity, ii). Humidity ratio, iii).dew point temperature, iv). Density and v). Enthalpy of atmospheric air when the DBT is 350C, WBT is 230C and the barometer reads 750 mm of Hg. [6+10] 7. (a) Why ventilation is required? Explain why different ventilation standards for different purposes are recommended? (b) The air-handling unit of an air-conditioning plant supplies a total of 4500 cmm of dry air which comprises by weight 20% fresh air at 40 0C DBT and 27 0C WBT, and 80% recirculated air at 25 0C DBT and 50% RH. The air leaves the cooling coil at 13 0C saturated state. Calculate the total cooling load, and room heat gain [8+8] 8. (a) What are the different methods of controlling the temperature? Discuss their relative merits (b) What are the factors to be considered while selecting an air-conditioning system? [8+8]

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Set No: 2
Code No: V3214/R07 III B. Tech - II Semester Regular, Examinations, April/May 2011 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITION (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. (a) Explain any three methods of refrigeration with suitable sketches (b) The capacity of a refrigerator is 600 tons when working between -50C and 200C. Find the weight of ice produced within 24 hours when water is supplied at 100C. Also find the minimum power required. Assume the cycle of operation is Carnot cycle and latent heat of ice as 335 kJ/kg. [10+6] 2. (a) Draw the refrigeration cycle on T-S diagram. When the refrigerant is dry and saturated at the end of the compression and find an expression for the C.O.P. in terms of i. Temperature and entropies ii. Enthalpy. (b) A simple vapour compression plant produces 5 tons of refrigeration. The enthalpy values at inlet to compressor, at exit from the compressor, and at exit from the condenser are 183.19, 209.41 and 74.59 kJ/kg respectively. Estimate: i).The refrigerant flow rate, ii).The C.O.P., iii).The power required to drive the compressor, and iv).The rate of heat rejection to the condenser. [6+10] 3. (a) Explain the working with neat diagram of following types of condensers i).Shell and tube condenser and ii).Shell and coil condenser (b) write short note on i).Ozone depletion and ii). Global warming [8+8]

4. (a) Draw a neat line diagram of Electro-Lux refrigerator and explain its working principle. What is the important role of hydrogen in this refrigeration system? (b) In an absorption refrigeration system, heating, cooling and refrigeration take place at the temperatures of 1500C, 300C and -200C. Find i).the theoretical COP of the system and ii).If the heating temperature is increased to 200 0Cand refrigeration temperature is [8+8] decreased to 400C, find the percentage change in theoretical COP 5. (a) Explain Steam Jet Refrigeration system on Enthalpy Entropy diagram and also on Temperature Entropy diagram (b) Discuss advantages and limitations of Steam Jet Refrigeration system [10+6]

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Set No: 2
Code No: V3214/R07 6 (a) air at a condition of 30 0C DBT, 170C WBT and a barometric pressure of 1050 m bar enters an equipment where it undergoes a process of adiabatic saturation, the air leaving with a moisture content of 5g/kg higher than what it was while entering. Calculate i).Moisture content of air entering the equipment and ii).Dry Bulb Temperature and Enthalpy of the air leaving the equipment. [10+6] (b) Explain about the adiabatic dehumidifier 7 (a) An air-conditioned building has a space volume of 1000 m3 and a room sensible heat gain of 20 kW. The room is maintained at 25 0C DBT and 50% RH. The outside design conditions are 430C DBT and 26.5 0C WBT. The ventilation air is 20% of the supply air. The apparatus dew point of the coil is 110C and its bypass factor is 0.1. Determine: i. The state and mass flow rate of the supply air ii. The latent heat gain of the room iii. The cooling load of the refrigeration plant b) If the supply air rate is to be maintained at 10 air changes per hour, determine the mass and volume flow rates of the recirculated room air added after the air conditioning apparatus. [8+8] 8 .With the help of neat sketch explain the main components of central air conditioning system [16]

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Code No: V3214/R07

Set No: 3

III B. Tech - II Semester Regular, Examinations, April/May 2011 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITION (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. (a) What are the advantages of dense air refrigeration system over an open air refrigerating system? (b) A dense air refrigeration machine operates on reversed Brayton cycle and is required for 10 tons of refrigeration capacity. The cooler pressure is 4.2 bar and refrigerator pressure is 1.4 bar. The air is cooled in the cooler to a temperature of 500.C and the temperature of air at inlet to the compressor is -200.C. For an ideal cycle, determine the following i. COP of the system ii. Mass of air circulated per minute iii. Theoretical piston displacement of the compressor iv. Net power per ton of refrigeration. Show the cycle on p-V and T S diagrams. Take Cp = 1.07 kJ/kg-K (for dense air) [6+10] 2. (a) Explain a simple vapour compression cycle giving clearly its flow diagram (b) A vapour compression refrigerator works between the pressure limits of 60 bar and 25 bar. The working fluid is just dry at the end of the compression and there is no under cooling of the liquid before the expansion valve. Determine: i. C O P of the cycle and ii. Capacity of the refrigerator if the fluid flow is at the rate of 5 kg/min. Data: Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg K) Pressure Saturation (Bar) Temp. (K) Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour 60 295 151.96 293.29 0.554 1.0332 25 261 56.32 322.58 0.226 1.2464 [6+10] 3. (a) Explain the working of an Automatic Expansion Valve and its limitations with a neat sketch b) What are the essential properties of a good refrigerant? and how the refrigerants are classified? [8+8] 4. (a) Explain Electrolux refrigeration system. How the system is operated to obtain different pressures in the cycle without pump (b) What is the function of the following components in an absorption system: i. Absorber, ii. Rectifier [8+8] 1 of 2

Set No: 3
Code No: V3214/R07 5. (a) Derive the formula for finding out the quantity of steam required per ton refrigeration in Steam Jet Refrigeration system (b) What are the advantages of barometric condenser over surface condenser in Steam Jet refrigeration system [8+8] 6. (a) Explain the following terms: i. Specific volume of humid air ii. Density of humid air iii. Enthalpy of humid air (b) In an air-conditioning unit 3.5 m3/s of air at 270C DBT, 50% RH, and standard atmospheric pressure enters the unit. The leaving condition of the air is 13 0C DBT and 90% RH. Using properties from the psychrometric chart i. Calculate the refrigerating capacity in kilowatts ii. Determine the rate of water removal from the air [8+8] 7. In an industrial application for winter air conditioning, an air washer is used with heated water spray followed by a reheater. The room sensible heat factor may be taken as unity. The design conditions are: Outside: 00C DBT and dry Inside: 220C DBT and 50% RH Room heat loss: 703 kW The following quantities are known from the summer design. Ventilation air: 1600 cmm Supply air: 2800 cmm Spray water quantity: 500 kg/min The air washer saturation efficiency is 90%. The make-up water available at 20 0C. Calculate: i. ii. iii. iv. v. The supply air condition to space The entering and leaving air conditions at the spray chamber The entering and leaving spray water temperatures The heat added to the spray water The reheat, if necessary

[16]

8. (a) Discuss the common considerations for humidification of air in air conditioning. (b) What are the different methods of humidifying the air? Explain the working of any one of the atomizing the water type humidifier. [8+8]

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Set No: 4
Code No: V3214/R07 III B. Tech - II Semester Regular, Examinations, April/May 2011 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITION (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. (a) Why artificial cooling is required in aeroplanes? And what are the different systems used for cooling the aeroplanes? (b) A simple operating air refrigeration system circulates air at the rate of 7.5 kg/min. The air pressure entering the turbine is 4.4 bar and cabin pressure 1 bar. The air discharge temperature is -60C and turbine efficiency is 80%. Determine the temperature of air at the entry of the turbine and power supplied by the turbine to the fan [8+8] 2. (a) Discuss the effect of the following on the performance of a vapour compression system: i. Effect of suction pressure ii. Effect of superheating iii. Effect of sub-cooling iv. Effect of suction and condenser temperatures (b) A refrigerator using Freon-12 operates between saturation temperatures of -100C and 600C, at which temperatures the latent heats are 156.32 kJ/kg and 113.52 kJ/kg respectively. The refrigerant is dry saturated at entry to the compressor and the liquid is not undercooled in the condenser. The specific heat of liquid Freon is 0.970 kJ/kg K and that of the superheated Freon vapor vapour is 0.865 kJ/kgK. The vapour is compressed isentropically in the compressor. Using no information than that given, calculate the temperature at the compressor delivery, and the refrigerating effect per kg of Freon. [10+6] 3. (a) Derive an expression for the shaft work of a reciprocating compressor assuming zero clearance volume. (b) A reciprocating compressor operates on 1m3/min of gas at 2 bar and delivers it at 12 bar. The clearance is 6%. The adiabatic compression index is 1.31. Determine the change in work of compressor if the re-expansion index is 1.1instead of 1.31 [8+8] 4. (a) Explain with help of neat sketches, vapour absorption cycle for refrigeration. How is it different from vapour compression refrigeration system (b) Under what situation, the vapour absorption system of refrigeration is preferred to vapour compression system of refrigeration [12+4] 5. A steam jet refrigeration system is to supply 1200 kg per minute of chilled water at 6.50C. The make up water from the mains is at 270C. If the steam supply is available at 9.5 bar and 2000C and nozzle, entrainment and diffuser efficiency can be assumed as 89%, 63% and 72% respectively, the quality of vapour entering the ejector may be assumed 0.98, and condensate leaves the condenser at 330C. Determine: (a) Steam consumption in kg/hour and kg/hr per ton of refrigeration (b) Heat rejected in the condenser in kJ/hr and kJ/hr per ton of refrigeration [16] 1 of 2

Set No: 4
Code No: V3214/R07 6. (a) An air-water vapour mixture enters a heater-humidifier unit at 80C, 110 kPa, 45% RH. The flow rate of dry air is 0.15 kg/s. Liquid water at 15 0C is sprayed into the mixture at the rate of 0.003 kg/s. The mixture leaves the unit at 40 0C, 110 kPa. Calculate i. The relative humidity at the outlet, and ii. The rate of heat transfer to the unit. (b) Explain the principle of air washer with a neat sketch and show the following processes on psychrometry chart i. Heating and humidification process ii Cooling and dehumidification process [10+6] 7. A conditioned room with partial recirculation of room air is to be maintained at 24 0C DB, 170C WB. The local outside environment conditions are 350C DBT, 260C WBT. The sensible heat load is 48 kW. The latent heat load from occupants and infiltration, but excluding ventilation, is 57 kW. Based on the occupancy, 36 cmm of ventilation air is required. Find: i. The temperature of air entering the room ii. The volume of air passing through the room iii. The state of air entering the conditioner iv. The required ADP, and v. The system By Pass Factor [16] 8. (a) Differentiate between central, district and Unitary air-conditioning systems. (b) Discuss relative merits and demerits of central system with District system. [8+8]

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