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As unlikely as it may seem the chilling secret about icebreakers is the colder it is outside, the hotter they get inside. The colder the air temperature, the thicker the ice, and the colder the water. Thats why engineers on icebreaking ships worry about overheating. The biggest problem is propulsion plant cooling, says Bill Derraugh, Chief Engineer on the CGCS Henry Larsen. Ice and slush blocks your intakes at the same time as your demand for maximum power. When the ice gets heavy, icebreakers have to work harder. That means maximum power, which requires maximum cooling. That requires cooling water taken from the sea, and that water is so cold it can freeze. The CGCS Henry Larsen, an icebreaker serving in the Canadian Coast Guard, is a 328-foot, 6,100-ton ship with diesel-electric propulsion. The ship was designed and launched in the late 80s.
The ship can operate on just one of its three Wartsila VASA 16v32 engines, and then add a second or third engine as the thickness of the ice warrants. Thicker ice requires more power, but that means the engines will require more cooling. Even in such a cold environment, however, cooling those engines can be problematic. Canadian icebreakers, like many ships, have both high and low suction for cooling water. In shallow water, the high suction prevents mud from being sucked into the intakes. In icy water, the deep suction prevents the intakes from clogging with ice and freezing up. But thats only the first line of defense. Very cold water becomes slushy, says Derraugh. It can be like oatmeal porridge. Seawater is taken aboard through a grating into one of the two sea boxes, located amidships on each side. The water in the sea box is kept above freezing by recirculating the discharged cooling water back into the sea box instead of over the side. That water is then fed through as system of thermostatic valves, pumps and strainers
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http://articles.maritimepropulsion.com/article/What-do-Icebreaker-sailors-worry-about-Overheating!86613.aspx[22/06/2013 17:02:36]
into one of the two sea bays, which run virtually the entire width of the ship, he says. There is no free communication between the sea box, which is open to the sea, and the sea bay. There are 40cubic meters of water between the two sea bays, Derraugh says. In the past when ships were powered by steam, Derraugh says that steam could be injected into the cooling water to melt ice or blow out slush. That used a lot of steam, he says. Todays ships only make enough steam for hotel services. He also says that compressed air can be useful in dislodging ice buildup, but air bubbles are not desirable in the system. Keep your suction sea bay well above freezing, Derraugh advises. If you are not getting cooling, you have to come to a complete halt with overheated engine. Even most modern merchant ship systems might not have enough heat to keep fuel at right viscosity in constant maneuvering. Derraugh says Herny Larsen carries light fuel, and uses waste heat recovery from the propulsion engines to keep the fuel at the proper temperature.
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Ships in regular commercial trade usually travel on a steady course at the pretty much the same speed for long periods of time. But Derraugh says merchant ships that get become beset in the ice and may have to maneuver back and forth to break a pathway clear of the ice. You may have to do a lot more maneuvering than vessel was designed for. Even if youre escorted by icebreaker, youre going to need full power. Its a big problem if cooling is compromised. Derraugh says the Canadian Coast Guard is very keen on diesel electric propulsion. You have full power ahead and astern all under the control of the gentleman on the stick.
Captain Edward Lundquist, U.S. Navy (Ret.) is a principal science writer for MCR LLC.
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Built in 1987 in Vancouver, British Columbia, the CCGS Henry Larsen is used for icebreaking.
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<a herf="http://www.bt-store.com/flights/cheap-flights-to/lagos">Lagos Flights</a> Hi, Thanks for sharing such a wonderful piece of information. I must say that while reading your post I found my thoughts in agreement with the topic that you have discussed, which happens very rare. Lagos Flights | 3/1/2011 4:46:41 AM #
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