Flood forecasting in pakistan

Flood forecasting: Flood forecasting is the use of real-time precipitation and streamflow data in rainfall-runoff and streamflow routing models to forecast flow rates and water levels for periods ranging from a few hours to days ahead, depending on the size of the watershed or river basin. Flood forecasting can also make use of forecasts of precipitation in an attempt to extend the lead-time available. Flood forecasting is an important component of flood warning, where the distinction between the two i.e. flood forecasting and flood warning is that the outcome of flood forecasting is a set of forecast time-profiles of channel flows or river levels at various locations, while "flood warning" is the task of making use of these forecasts to make decisions about whether warnings of floods should be issued to the general public or whether previous warnings should be rescinded or retracted. National flood forecasting in Pakistan: The national flood forecasting bureau of pakistan is situated in Lahore, the city of punjab province, where most of the rivers of pakistan located. The bureau was established in 1992 with the facilities of flood forecasting and warning. Description National Flood forecasting Bureau, Lahore is a directorate of Pakistan Meteorological Department and plays a pivotal role in flood forecasting and consequently in flood mitigation at the national level. Hydrological data from various national and international agencies is received in this Bureau which is processed to produce the flood forecasts and warnings for the Indus River Basin to be disseminated outwards to various flood mitigation agencies. Mathematical models are also used for the preparation of flood forecasts.

Functions Flood Forecasting and Warning activities are carried out during the flood season from 15th June to 15th October every year. Post flood activities include compilation of Annual flood report, verification of forecasts and other related works. Units and Departments - Remote Sensing for Hydrology - Flood Forecasting - Monitoring and Warnings

Projects - Application of remote sensing to operational hydrology. - Satellite Image interpretation system. - Micro-Computer based Flood Forecasting - Radar Precipitation data including calibration by Comparison wtih telemetric gauges - Estimation of probable maximum precipitation. Flood in Pakistan Monsoon rains were forecast to persist into ancient August and were described as the nastiest in this area in the closing 80 years. The Pakistan Meteorological Division reported that over 200 millimeters (7.9 in) of rainwater fell over a 24-hour in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. A record breaking 274 millimeters (10.8 in) rainwater fell in Peshawar during 24 hours, the preceding record was 187 millimeters (7.4 in) of rainwater in April 2009. By mid August, according to the legislative Federal Flood Charge (FFC), the avalanches had caused the deaths of at slightest 1,540 people, although 2,088 people had received injuries, 557,226 buildings had been shattered, and over 6 million people had been displaced. One month advanced, the compute had risen to 1,781 deaths, 2,966 people with injuries, and further than 1.89 million domiciles destroyed. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa outmoded minister of news, Mian Iftikhar, said "the communications of this region was already shattered by terrorism. What was left was over off by these floods." He as well called the avalanches "the nastiest calamity in our history." Four million Pakistanis were left with chuck shortages. The Karakoram Artery, which attaches Pakistan with Porcelain, was congested after a viaduct was destroyed.