TO: Prof. Antonio P.

Sobremisana FROM: ABE 70 G-2L Group 2 (AB-CE) SUBJECT: Exercise 5- Profile Leveling DATE: January 22, 2013

I.

Executive Summary To determine the elevation of each ground points set along the chosen field or area, considering only 50 m distance of the area, profile leveling was performed. Using the benchmark with an elevation known to be 100 m, the elevation of ground points along the field were taken using a dumpy level and a leveling rod. Unlike the differential leveling, a new set of parameter known as the intermediate foresight (IFS) was taken from each located full and plus stations. The measured IFSs for each station was used to calculate their respective elevations. The profile of the area was then plotted. In this surveying exercise, difficulties in setting ground points in every full and plus station were encountered, especially in the alignment of the chaining pins indicating these points. Since the chosen area has irregularities in steepness, setting of ground points was indeed hard. But then, a good profile of the area was made.

II.

Method In determining the elevations of ground points set in a particular area, profile leveling was performed. A chosen area, with relative steepness, in the Agronomy field was marked with sets of ground points, indicating the full and plus stations, using chaining pins. The distances between points set were measured using a steel tape- full stations are of 10 m interval. Using the dumpy level and leveling rod, the elevation of these points was calculated using the intermediate foresight (IFS) taken and recorded in the field leveling note. When the point/s stationed in the area appeared to be steep or with relative steepness, a turning point was established so as to move the dumpy level in another convenient location. At this point, the foresight was taken to calculate its elevation, and, afterwards, a backsight (BS) was taken to know the height of the instrument (HI) at a newly-

established point of setting. To continue, the IFS of the remaining ground points were taken until the 0 + 50 station was reached. The elevations of the ground points were computed and the profile of the area was plotted.

III.

Results and Discussion Through profile leveling, a profile of the chosen area in the Agronomy field was made using the computed elevation of ground points set along the field.

Table 1. Profile leveling notes for a chosen area in the Agronomy Field.

As observed in Table 1, ground points stationed in the area have varying elevation, as calculated using the backsight (BS), the height of the instrument (HI) with respect to the point of setting, and the intermediate foresight (IFS) taken at each point. These computed values prove that the area chosen is steep and has varying steepness at any Stati on sight ed
BM 1 0+00 +5 0+10 +5 +7 +8.5 0+20 +2.5 +5 TP1 +8 0+30 +2 +6 0+40 +5 0+50 + 3.469 m ( BS) - 1.406 m ( FS) 1.625 102.063 1.406 0.861 0.942 1.115 1.201 1.211 1.175 1.127

BS

HI

FS

IFS

ELEV

Remarks

1.844

101.844 1.79 1.592 1.495 1.356 1.147 1.032 0.869 0.657 0.594

100 100..054 100.252 100.349 100.488 100.697 100.812 100.975 101.187 101.25 100.438 101.202 101.121 100.948 100.862 100.852 100.888 100.936

BSD= 34.54 m

FSD= 30.00 m

point sighted. Figure 1 illustrates the profile of the area chosen using the values of the elevations of points. With these observations, profile leveling is an acceptable method in determining elevations of points marked in an area in order to draw or plot a good profile for that area.

Figure1. Plot of the Profile

Horizontal

Horizontal Scale 1cm=2.5m

Vertical Scale 1cm=0.200m

IV.

Conclusion and Recommendations Through the method of profile leveling with the aid of a dumpy level and leveling rod, the elevations of ground points with distances measured using a steel tape was determined. These calculated values of elevation of points were used to draw the profile of the area. The plot of the profile shows that the area chosen has relative steepness at varying points in that area. To minimize error in this type of leveling performed in an area of varying steepness at different points, it is advised that the chaining pins that will be used as markers for full and plus stations must be aligned. If the weather will be windy, the one holding the leveling rod must be attentive of holding the rod. Also, the observer/s should have a good skill

in setting and taking measurements using the dumpy level. Furthermore, for accuracy, the recorder should record immediately the values that were observed by the instrument man.

V.

References La Putt, J. P. 2010. Elementary Surveying. 3rd edition. Baguio Research and Publishing Center, Philippines. pp.