CISCO - Introduction To Voice Over IP and Other Integrated Services - Session 408 - (2000)

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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Introduction to Voice over IP and other Integrated Services

Voice Signaling Is the Key to Enhanced Services Session 408
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Cisco Systems Confidential
Agenda
Analog/Digital Signaling ISDN/SS7 Signaling QSIG H.323 SIP Media Gateway Controller
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In the BeginningWell Almost!
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Line Signaling: On-Hook
R T
Switch Switch
Called Station
Telephone Network
R T
Switch Switch
Calling Station
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R - Ring T - Tip
Line Signaling: Off-Hook

1. Signaling supervision
R T
Switch Switch
Called Station
Telephone Network
R T
Switch Switch
Calling Station
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R - Ring T - Tip
Line Signaling: Dial-Tone

2. Call information (network to user)
R T
Switch Switch
Called Station
Dial-Tone
R T Telephone Network
Switch Switch
Calling Station
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R - Ring T - Tip
Line Signaling: Addressing

3. Dialing the destination
R T
Switch Switch
Called Station
Tones or Pulses
R T Telephone Network
Switch Switch
Calling Station
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R - Ring T - Tip
Line Signaling: Ringing

4. Call information (network to user)
Ringing
R T
Switch Switch Switch Switch
Ring Gen
Called Station
Telephone Network
Ring Back
R T
Switch Switch Switch Switch
Calling Station
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R - Ring T - Tip
Line Signaling: Off-Hook

5. Call Completion
R T
Switch Switch
Called Station
3003400 Hz @ 4khz
Telephone Network
R
Switch Switch
Calling Station
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R - Ring T - Tip
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Applications of Line Signaling
Loop Start
Loop Start
FXS
FXS
Loop Start
Loop Start
PBX
FXS
FXO
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Trunk Signaling
R T
PBX PBX Switch Switch
R T
Switch Switch
R T
PBX PBX
R1 T1
R1 T1
Loop Start Ground Start E&M

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R - Ring T - Tip R1 - Ring 1 T1 - Tip 1

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ApplicationForeign Exchange (Loop Start)

LATA 1
591-XXXX
Switch Switch
LATA 2
555-XXXX Loop Start
PBX PBX
Loop Start
FXO
Caller Calls 591-4242 and the Call Appears as a Local Call
FXS
Limitations:
Simultaneous trunk seizure (glare) Lack of far-end disconnect notification
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Ground Start Supervisory SignalingFrom PBX

Ground Sensor
- 48 VDC R Off-Hook
1. PBX grounds the ring lead
2. CO switch senses the ground
Telephone Switch
T Off-Hook
4. PBX sensing the ground, closes the loop, removes ring ground
PBX
- 48 VDC Tip Ground Detector R - Ring T - Tip
3. CO switch grounds the tip lead
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ApplicationForeign Exchange (Ground Start)

LATA 1
591-XXXX
Switch Switch
LATA 2
555-XXXX Ground Start
PBX PBX
Ground Start
FXO
Caller Calls 591-4242 and the Call Appears as a Local Call
FXS
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Ground Start Benefits and Limitations

Benefits
Reduces glare by quickly recognizing incoming seizure (tip ground) Provides remote disconnect supervision
Limitations
Mixed voice and signaling Tip and ring cannot be reversed CO switch and PBX must have same potential ground
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Ear and Mouth (E&M) Separate Signaling Path

2 Wire E&M PBX
T R
4 Wire E&M
T and T1
CO Switch
R and R1 E Signaling Interface Exchange Signaling Interface Exchange M
E M
2 wire and 4 wire refer to the voice wires The switch listens on the ear (E-lead) The switch signals on the mouth (M-lead)
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E&M Type 1
- 48 VDC Off-Hook PBX Ground On-Hook
E-Lead Detector E E M M M-Lead Detector
Line Equipment Open On-Hook Ground Off-Hook
- 48 VDC
2-Wire, Nonsymmetrical
Common ground must exist between PBX and line equipment

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E&M Signaling States

E&M Type Type I Condition On-Hook Off-Hook Type II On-Hook Off-Hook Type III On-Hook Off-Hook Type IV On-Hook Off-Hook Type V On-Hook Off-Hook
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M-Lead/SB Ground Battery Open Battery Ground Loop Current Open Ground Open Ground
E-Lead/SG Open Ground Open Ground Open Ground Open Ground Open Ground
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Im Ready to Receive the Number NowWink Start

Sending Switch On-Hook Receiving Switch Off-Hook Sending Switch Goes Off-Hook Wink On-Hook Off-Hook Receiving Switch Goes Momentarily Off-Hook for 140 to 200 msec DTMF Digits Sending Switch Waits a Minimum of 210 msec Before Sending Addressing Off-Hook Receiving Switch Goes Off-Hook After Connection Is Established
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On-Hook
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Im Always Ready to Receive Immediate Start

Sending Switch On-Hook Receiving Switch Off-Hook Sending Switch Goes Off-Hook
DTMF Digits Sending Switch Waits a Minimum of 150 msec Before Sending Addressing
Off-Hook Receiving Switch Goes Off-Hook After Connection Is Established

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On-Hook
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E&M Signaling and Wink Start or Immediate Start
Switch Switch
PBX PBX
E&M
E&M
The only caveatmake sure your signaling type matches up with your PBX
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Primary Trunk Signaling Method

Switch Switch
CO Trunks
CO Trunks
EM
PBX PBX
EM
Tie Trunks
PBX PBX
Tie Trunks
EM
EM
PBX to local exchange office (telephone company) CO trunks Direct inward dial (DID) trunks Direct outward dial (DOD) trunks PBX to PBX connections Tie trunks
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Voice Evolution: The Formative Years
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12
Digital Signaling Better and Cheaper
Distorted Analog Communications
Clear Digital Communications
2 x 4 KHz = 8 KHz 3003400 Hz @ 4 KHz

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8 KHz x 8 Bits = 64 kbps

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T1 Signaling Format
Time Slot #X 1 1 7 8 1 1 Time Slot #24 7 8
A Extended Super Frame
12
24 D Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) or Robbed Bit Signaling

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24 Common Channel Signaling
Us ab le
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18
fo rI SD N
12
or PB X
Si gn al in g
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13
E1 CAS Signal Format

Time Slot #16 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A A A A A A A A
Time Slot #16 7 X

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
2 0
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
3 0
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
4 0
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
5 X
A A A A A A A A
6 X
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
8 X
D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31
1 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 8 1
D13 A D14 A D14 A
13 14 15
14 A 15 A
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Channel Associated Signaling

Us
11 A 12 A 13 A
ab
D11 A D12 A
Semi-Multiframe (SMF) 2
11 12
Common Channel Signaling

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Sample Call
Telephone Network
CO CO Switch Switch CO CO Switch Switch
le
2 Wire
Loop Start Signaling
T1 Leased Line
PBX PBX
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fo
9 A 10 A
D9 A D10 A
rI
T1 Robbed Bit Signaling Using E&M, A and B Bits = 0, Off-Hook
SD
or
PB
Si
gn
Semi-Multiframe (SMF) 1
al
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in
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Voice Evolution: Dawn of the Digital Age

Touch Tone Phones Faxes Wow! This Is Better than Fire
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The Advanced Intelligent Network

More efficient Support real-time operations of telephone networks capabilities Supports transport transparency Customer can create new applications and is provided greater control
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Public N-ISDN Intelligent Access to the Network

BRI BRI
PBX PBX1 1
PRI
Switch Switch
Telephone Network
Switch Switch
PRI
PBX PBX2 2
Supplementary Services
Scope of Bearer Services Scope of Teleservices Basic Rate Interface (BRI) (2B + D) Primary Rate Interface (PRI) (23B + D or 30 B + D)
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Functional Devices and Reference Points

Network Boundary per ITU-T Network Boundary in U.S. (No ITU-T Standard) T
Local Loop Terminator (NT1)
ISDN Terminal Equipment (TE1)
Customer Premises Switching Equipment (NT2)
U
ISDN Local Exchange (LE)
R
Non-ISDN Terminal Equipment (TE2) Terminal Adapter (TA)
S/T
Standard per TA Manufacturer

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16
ISDN Protocol Stack

Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Data Data Link Link Physical Physical Control Control Signaling Signaling I.45X Call Control X.25 X.25 LAPD LAPD Further Further Study Study I.465/V.120 I.465/V.120 X.25 X.25 LAPB LAPB End-to-End End-to-End User User Signaling Signaling
I.451 = Q.931 Basic Call Control I.452 = Q.932 Supplementary Services
I.430 I.430 Basic Basic Interface Interface + + I.431 I.431 Primary Primary Interface Interface Packet Packet Telemetry Telemetry Circuit Circuit Switch Switch SemiSemiPermanent Permanent Packet Packet Switched Switched
D Channel
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B Channel
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Q.931/932 Message Format

Bits
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 Protocol Protocol Discriminator Discriminator (Q.931) (Q.931) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Octet 1 2 3 or 4
Call reference establishes a unique value between user and the network Message typecan be grouped into call establishment, call info phase, call clearing and misc. Information elementsare self contained entities that further define the message
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0 0 0 0 CR Flag
Length Length of of CRV CRV
Call Call Reference Reference Value Value (1 (1 or or 2 2 bytes) bytes) 0 0/1 Message Message Type Type Information Information Element Element Identifier Identifier Length Length Information Information Element Element Identifier Identifier Contents Contents of of Information Information Element Element Next Next Information Information Element, Element, etc etc
4 or 5 1 2 3
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Types:
Number identification, call offering, call completion, multiparty, community of interest, charging, additional information transfer
Control and invocation, three generic protocols:

Keypaduses the keypad and display information elements Feature keyuses the feature activation and feature indication information elements Functional protocolfacility message and facility Information element or specific messages like HOLD
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Q.931/Q.932 Call Completion

Calling Party Network
Setup
Called Party
Setup Acknowledge Information Call Proceeding Setup Call Proceeding Alerting Alerting Connect Connect Acknowledge Connect Acknowledge Connect
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The Intelligent Network
Signaling Network
PBX PBX1 1
Switch Switch
Switch Switch
PBX PBX2 2
Telephone Network
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SS7 Local Architecture

SCP SCP
Service control point database information

A or access linksaccess to STPs
STP
STP
Signal transfer point routing of SS7 packets

B or bridge linksconnect STPs at the same level
STP
STP
C or cross linksconnect mated pairs of STPs, B and C links together make up a quad A or access linksaccess to STPs
SSP
SSP
Service switching point access switches or their proxy

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SS7 Connection to Remote Network

Local
SCP SCP D or Diagonal Links for Connecting a Local STP Pair to a Regional STP Pair
Regional
SCP SCP
STP STP
STP STP
STP STP
STP STP
STP STP
STP STP
STP STP
STP STP
SSP
SSP
SSP
SSP
E or Extended Links Used to Connect SSPs to a Secondary Pair of Mated STPs F or Fully Extended Links Directly Interconnect Two SS7 Switches
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SS7 Protocol Stack

OMAP ASE ISDN User Part (ISUP)
Circuit-Related Services
Application TUP (ITU) DUP (ITU)

Presentation, Presentation, Session, Session, Transport Transport
TCAP
Non-Circuit Non-Circuit Applications Applications
Null SCCP
Specialized Routing
Network
Level 3
MTP
Level 2 Level 1
Network Signal Link Signal Data Link
Message Handling, Network Management Bit Bit Oriented Oriented Protocol Protocol Speeds up to 64 kbps
Data Link Physical
OMAP - Oper., Maint. and Admin. Part ASE - Application Service Element ISUP - ISDN User Part DUP - Data User Part
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OSI Reference Model MTP - Message Transfer Part TCAP - Transaction Capabilities Application Part TUP - Telephone User Part SCCP - Signaling Connection Control Part
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20
Protocol Usage Network Elements

SCCP TCAP Null Null SCCP MTP L3 MTPL2 MTPL2 MTPL1 ISUP MTP L3 MTPL2 MTP MTPL2 MTPL1 SCCP MTP L3 MTPL2 MTP MTPL2 MTPL1 TCAP Null Null SCCP MTP L3 MTPL2 MTP MTPL2 MTPL1 ISUP
STP
STP
MTP
SSP
SCCP MTP L3 MTPL2 MTP MTPL2 MTPL1 TCAP
SSP STP STP

SCCP MTP L3 MTPL2 MTP MTPL2 MTPL1
SCP
Null Null SCCP MTP L3 MTPL2 MTP MTPL2 MTPL1
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MTP Messages (Level 2 and 3)

FCS 0 0 Length FSN/FIB BSN/BIB 1-2 Bytes (Always 1) FCS FLAG Fill-In Signal Unit (FISU) FLAG
Status 0 0Length FSN/FIB BSN/BIB variable 1 byte SIO
Link Status Signal Unit (LSSU) 0 0 Length FSN/FIB BSN/BIB FLAG
FCS
SIF
Message Signal Unit (MSU) Up to 272 bytes in Length
BSN/BIBBBackward Sequence Number/Backward Indicator Bit FSN/FIBForward Sequence Number/Forward Indicator Bit Length0=FISU, 1 or 2 = LSSU, 3 or greater = MSU SIOService Information Octet, Type of Protocol and Standard SIFService Information Field, Transfer Control Information FCS Frame Check Sequence
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Message Signal Units (MSUs)

FCS SIF SIO 0 0 Length FSN/FIB BSN/BIB FLAG
Routing Label
Varies by Protocol/Function
SLS 4 Bits
Origination Point Code 14 Bits
Destination Point Code 14 Bits
or
SLS 8 bits (5 Used)
Origination Point Code 24 Bits
Destination Point Code 24 Bits
ITU
SLS = Signaling Link Selection Code
ANSI
Message discriminationlooks at the point code in the routing label to determine if the message is local Message distribution (message is local)uses the SIO to determine the user (application) part Message routing (message is not local)attaches a new routing label and determines the proper link for next signal point
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ISDN User Part (ISUP)
ISUP is used to set up and tear down all circuits used in the PSTN, Telephone User Part (TUP) is used internationally as well Support for non-voice calls and supplementary services with end-to-end significance
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ISDN User Part (ISUP)

Signaling Info
CIC
Routing Label 2 Spare bits 14 14 Bits Bits Circuit Identification Code
Message Type ( 1 Octet ) Mandatory Fixed Parts
Sample Message Types Mandatory Variable Parts Initial Address Message (IAM) Address Complete (ACM) Optional Parts Answer (ANM) Continuity (COT) 52 message types (ANSI, Bellcore & ITU)
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ISUP Call Flow

TE
Setup
SSP
IAM
STP
IAM
SSP
TE
Call Proceeding
Setup
Call Proceeding
Alerting
ACM ACM
Alerting
Connect
ANM
ANM
Connect B Channel Disconnect Release Trunk Trunk B Channel
REL REL RLC RLC

Disconnect Release Release Complete
Release Complete
Q.931
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SS7
Q.931
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Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)

Larger more complete address space supplements MTP addressing by adding called party and calling party numbers (subsystem numbersSSNs) Protocol used for accessing databases and other network entities (i.e. TCAP) Global title translation
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Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) Message Format

TCAP
SCCP xxxx 0011
Routing Label
Message Type Mandatory Fixed Parts
Mandatory Variable Parts
Optional Parts
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Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)
General purpose remote operation function for SS7 Originally designed to support database queries, such as calling cards and 800 numbers
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TCAP Message Format

TCAP
SCCP xxxx 0011
Routing Label
Transaction Portion (Nature of the Message) Invoke Component
Parameter Set Sequence
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25
TCAP Call Flow

TE
Setup
SSP
Begin
STP
Begin Continue
SCP
Continue
Setup Acknowledge
Play Announcement and Collect Digits
Information
Continue
Continue
Pass Collected Digits End
End IAM
Call Proceeding Actual Network Address
Q.931
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SS7
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AIN Limitations
Sporadic deployment Poor consistency

Lack of interoperability between vendors and between service providers
Master slave relationship Intelligence resides in the network

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Voice Evolution: AIN Services

These 900 Numbers, What Will They Think of Next
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Private N-ISDN (QSIG)

PSTN PSTN
PINX2 2
PSTN PSTN
PSS1
PINX1 1
PSS1
PISN
PSS1
PINX4 4
PSTN PSTN
Purpose: To extend facilities normally only available between extensions on a single PBX to all extensions on PBXs that are connected together in a Private Network
PINXPrivate Integrated Services Network Exchange PISN Private Integrated Services Network PSS1Private Signaling System 1 (QSIG)
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QSIG Benefits
Multivendor ISDN PBX-based network Networking of remote ISDN PBXs Interconnecting voice/fax and DP servers Network wide applications Support mobility
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QSIG Reference Points

TE TE TE TE
S/T S/T
TE
S T
S/T N
Public ISDN A
S T
PINX X
PINX Y
Public ISDN B
PINX Z
Q
C
Q
C
Network, e.g. Leased Line
Q
C
PINXPrivate Integrated Services Network Exchange

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QSIG Protocol
Layer 47
ROSE: ROSE: Remote Remote Operation Operation Service Service Elements Elements ACSE: ACSE: Association Association Control Control Service Service Elements Elements Network Network Specific Specific End-to-End End-to-End Protocol Protocol Network Network Transparent Transparent
ECMA ECMA 148, 148, 157, 157, 163, 163, 164, 164, 173-178, 173-178, 185, 185, 186, 186, 191-194, 191-194, Supplementary Supplementary 202, Services 202, 203, 203, 211-214, 211-214, 220, 220, 221, 221, 224, 224, 225, 225, 241, 241, 242, 242, 250, 250, Services and and ANFs ANFs 251, 251, 263, 263, 264 264
Network
ISO ISO 11582, 11582, ETS300 ETS300 239 239 ECMA156, ECMA156, 161, 161, 165 165
QSIG QSIG Generic Generic Functional Functional Procedures Procedures QSIG QSIG Basic Basic Call Call
ISO ISO 11574, 11574, ETS300 ETS300 171/172/173, 171/172/173, ECMA ECMA 106, 106, 142, 142, 143 143
Link Layer Physical Media

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LAPD, LAPD, ETS300 ETS300 402 402 Interface Interface Dependent Dependent Protocols Protocols
Basic Basic Rate Rate I.430 I.430 Copper Copper
Primary Primary Rate Rate I.431 I.431 Copper Copper Optical Optical
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Basic Call Completion

PINX X
Setup Setup Call Proceeding Call Proceeding Alerting Alerting Connect Connect Connect Acknowledge Connect Acknowledge
PINX Y
PINX Z
Terminal Node
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Transit Node
Terminal Node
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QSIG Generic Functional Procedures

End PBX End PBX
Application
SS SS Control Control n n ROSERemote Operation Service Element ACSE Association Control Service Element DSEDialog Service Element
Application
SS SS Control Control n n
Coordination Function
...
SS SS Control Control 1 1 Service Service Element Element
Coordination Function
...
SS SS Control Control 1 1 Service Service Element Element
Transit PBX
Generic Functional Transport Protocol Control DLC PHY
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Voice Evolution: A Better Private Network
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Why Packet-Based Telephony?
Data networks are growing at a faster rate then voice networks One network is cheaper and easier to manage then two Leverage the flexibility inherent in data networks for voice
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H.323
International (ITU) standard for: Packet-based multimedia communications systems Version 1 established in 1996, Version 2 in 1998 and Version 3 in the works Refer to various annexes for more details Leverages previous developments within ITU (i.e. Q.931)
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H.323 Terminal
H.323 H.323 Router LAN A LAN B H.323 H.323
Multimedia communications services over packet-based networks Real-time audio, video and/or data communication Point-to-point, multipoint, or broadcast
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H.323 Gateways
H.323 H.323 Gateways LAN A Telephone Network H.320 (Over ISDN) H.324 (Over POTS) Speech Only (Telephone)
Appropriate translation between transmission formats Translation between communication procedures Call setup and clearing on both sides
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H.323 Gatekeeper
Gatekeeper H.323 Gateways Telephone Network H.320 (Over ISDN) H.324 (Over POTS) Speech Only (Telephone) Intranet H.323 LAN B
ZONE
LAN A
Router
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H.323 Gatekeeper
Optional Required features
Address translation (alias to transport within zone) Admissions control (maybe null) Bandwidth control during the call (maybe null)
Optional features
Call control signaling/routing (under GK control) Call authorization Call management (call status, tracking, PBX-like services etc.)
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H.323 Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)

Gatekeeper MCU Gateways Telephone Network H.320 (Over ISDN) H.324 (Over POTS) Speech Only (Telephone) H.323 LAN B
ZONE
Router
LAN A
H.323
Intranet
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H.323 TerminalMultipoint Control Unit (MCU)

An endpoint which provides support for multipoint conferences A MCU consists of a multipoint controller (MC) and one or more multipoint processors (MP) Endpoints establish a point to point connection with the MC Actual video or audio distribution maybe centralized or distributed
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Scope of H.323 Recommendation

Video I/O equipment Video Codec H.261, H.263 Receive Path Delay (sync) RTP
UDP
Audio I/O equipment
Audio Codec G.711, G.722, G.723, G.728, G.729
RTCP
User Data Applications T.120, etc.
H.225 Layer
System Control H.245 Control Call Control H.225.0 RAS Control H.225.0
IP
TCP
System Control User Interface
UDP
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Call Signaling Procedures No Gatekeeper

H.323 Calling Party
SetupH.225 Call Signaling Channel Call Proceeding
H.323 Called Party

Setup message to called partys well known call signaling channel identifier Connect message contains H.245 control channel transport address for H.245 signaling Capabilities exchange and master/slave determination over reliable channel
H.225
Alerting Connect
H.245 Control Channel
H.245
H.245 Logical Channel Setup (RTP) H.245 Logical Channel Setup (RTCP) H.245 Logical Channel Setup (RTP) H.245 Logical Channel Setup (RTCP)
Logical channels setup over unreliable channels for multimedia streams
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H.450 Supplementary Services
H.450-1 Generic Functional Protocol H.450-2 Call Transfer Supplementary Services H.450-3 Call Diversion Supplementary Services
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H.323 Limitations
Relatively slowdue to the extensive amount of message exchange Designed with peer to peer multimedia communications in mind Protocol format has some limitations
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Voice Evolution: End of the Intelligent Network?

I Guess I Better Reboot My Phone
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Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Internet telephony not telephony over Internet Currently underdevelopment within the IETF (multiparty multimedia session control working group)
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SIP Architecture: Contacting the Proxy

Invite Client Invite Server IP-Based IP Based Network Client
Server Client
User Agents
User Agents
Proxy
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Redirect
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SIP Architecture: Proxy Responding to Client

Response OK Client IP-Based IP Based Network Client
r
Server Client
Response OK Server
User Agents
User Agents
Proxy
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Redirect
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SIP Architecture: Client Acknowledgement

Ack Client Ack Server IP-Based Network Client
Server Client
User Agents
User Agents
Proxy
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Redirect
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SIP Architecture: Contacting the Redirect Server

Invite Contact Ack Client Client
Server
Server
User Agents
User Agents
Proxy
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Redirect
IP-Based Network
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SIP Architecture: Contacting the User

Invite Response Ack Client Client
Server
Server
User Agents
User Agents
Proxy
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Redirect
IP-Based Network
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SIP Protocol
SIP addressing takes the form of a mail to URL (i.e. user@host, examples sip:squan@cisco.com) Session Description Protocol (SDP) is used to form the message, analogous to Q.931 messages and information elements Modeled around HTTP, but with UDP
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Internet Telephony Protocols

SDP Media
H.323
RTSP
SIP
RTCP
RTP
RSVP
TCP
UDP
IP
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SIP vs. H.323

SIP uses text for encoding of messages. H.323 uses ASN.1 SIP uses a single request to send all necessary information UDP based. Recent changes by H.323 will allow utilization of UDP as well H.323 has widespread usage
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Internet Telephony Evolution: Alien Life Form?
picture of alien
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Gateway Control Protocols

Allows remote control of various devices Create, modify, and delete connections. Generates and detect events (tones). Tracks resource states. Fits in well with multimedia call signaling (i.e. H.323 and SIP) Strong support for existing telephone networks
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Gateway Control Migration

October 98 April 99
SGCP (IETF)
July 98 Bellcore Cisco
MGCP 1.0 (IETF)
MEGACO (MGCP+) (IETF)
IPDC
August 98 Level 3
MDCP (IETF)
December 98 Lucent
SGCPSimple Gateway Control Protocol IPDCIP Device Control MGCPMedia Gateway Control Protocol
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MDCPMedia Device Control Protocol MEGACOMedia Gateway Controller

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GCP Protocol Relationship

SS7 Network Signaling Gateway Sigtran Signaling Gateway SS7 Network
Sigtran
Media H.323+, SIP+, ISUP+ Media Gateway Gateway Controller Controller MGCP, H.GCP Megaco PSTN Network Media Gateway MGCP, H.GCP Megaco Media Gateway PSTN Network
H.323 or SIP
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43
MGCP
Retains SGCP simplicity Uses established standards (SDP) Additional SDP functions for other network types
IP, ATM
Uses IPDC features

Wildcards Event grouping Control extensions Endpoint audit Connection audit Restart
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MGCP Call Agent

Signaling Between Gateway and Call Agent Notification Call Agent Signaling Between Call Agent and Gateway Notification Modification Creation
GW 1
IP Cloud
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44
Analog Call Using MGCP

Call Agent
1 2 e at St 6 3 4
St ate
GW 1
GW 2
IP Cloud
Monitor Calling Session Dialed Digits Called Session RTP Connection
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MGCP and SS7 Interoperability

SSP Call Agent
1 3 6
CO
STP STP
STP STP
2
e at St
Q
7
SSP
St 5 ate
SSP TGW2
CO
TGW1
IP Cloud
Monitor
Dialed Digits to CO Start the Call

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SS7/ISUP Calling Session Dialed Digits Called Session RTP Connection
90
45
Summary
Call signaling has taken an evolutionary path. The underlying core is to provide basic call control. The next step is understanding how new services are added (supplementary services)
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Please Complete Your Evaluation Form

Session 408
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CISCO - Introduction To Voice Over IP and Other Integrated Services - Session 408 - (2000)

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CISCO - Introduction To Voice Over IP and Other Integrated Services - Session 408 - (2000)

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408 1038_05F9_c2

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Introduction to Voice over IP and other Integrated Services

Cisco Systems Confidential

In the BeginningWell Almost!

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco Systems Confidential

Line Signaling: On-Hook

Line Signaling: Off-Hook

Cisco Systems Confidential

Line Signaling: Dial-Tone

Line Signaling: Addressing

Cisco Systems Confidential

Line Signaling: Ringing

Line Signaling: Off-Hook

Cisco Systems Confidential

Applications of Line Signaling

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Loop Start Ground Start E&M

R - Ring T - Tip R1 - Ring 1 T1 - Tip 1

Cisco Systems Confidential

ApplicationForeign Exchange (Loop Start)

Ground Start Supervisory SignalingFrom PBX

1. PBX grounds the ring lead

2. CO switch senses the ground

- 48 VDC Tip Ground Detector R - Ring T - Tip

3. CO switch grounds the tip lead

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco Systems Confidential

ApplicationForeign Exchange (Ground Start)

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Ground Start Benefits and Limitations

Cisco Systems Confidential

Ear and Mouth (E&M) Separate Signaling Path

Line Equipment Open On-Hook Ground Off-Hook

Common ground must exist between PBX and line equipment

Cisco Systems Confidential

E&M Signaling States

Im Ready to Receive the Number NowWink Start

Cisco Systems Confidential

Im Always Ready to Receive Immediate Start

Off-Hook Receiving Switch Goes Off-Hook After Connection Is Established

E&M Signaling and Wink Start or Immediate Start

Cisco Systems Confidential

Primary Trunk Signaling Method

Voice Evolution: The Formative Years

1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Cisco Systems Confidential

Digital Signaling Better and Cheaper

Distorted Analog Communications

Clear Digital Communications

2 x 4 KHz = 8 KHz 3003400 Hz @ 4 KHz

8 KHz x 8 Bits = 64 kbps

A Extended Super Frame

24 D Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) or Robbed Bit Signaling

24 Common Channel Signaling

Cisco Systems Confidential

E1 CAS Signal Format

Time Slot #16 7 X

D13 A D14 A D14 A

Channel Associated Signaling

Common Channel Signaling

Loop Start Signaling