AirQuality inthe Philippines

EnvironmentalManagementBureau DepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResources Philippines

WhatistheStatusofAirQualityintheCountry?

90ug/Ncm annualairqualityguidelinevalueforTotal SuspendedParticulates(TSP) Theairqualityofourcountryisstilldirtybutimproving intermsofTSP.For2008,TSPlevelis99ug/Ncm 29%reductionfrom2004to2008

WhatistheSpecificAirQualityofMetroManila?

90ug/Ncm annualairqualityguidelinevalueforTotal SuspendedParticulates(TSP) TheairqualityofMetroManilaisstilldirtybutimproving intermsofTSP.For2008,TSPlevelis138ug/Ncm 15%reductionfrom2004to2008

HowisMetroManilaAirQualityCompared withOtherInternationalCities?
Environmental Performance Index
Yale University & Columbia University
100

90

84.5 81.9

83.3 84 77.9 69.4 79.4 75.2 79.2 73.9 66.8

80

70

65.1 56.2

66.2 60.7

66.3 57 52.9

65.1

60 53.8 49.7 50

54.3

40

30

20

10

0 Cambodia China Indonesia Japan Laos Malaysia 2006 2008 Myanmar Philippines South Korea Thailand Viet Nam

BasedontheEnvironmentalPerformanceIndex for2008,the Philippinesranks5th(outof11countries)intheASEANRegion, includingJapan,ChinaandSouthKorea

WhatistheEnvironmentalPerformanceIndex?

TheEnvironmentalPerformanceIndex (EPI)isamethodof quantifyingandnumericallybenchmarkingtheenvironmental performanceofacountry'spolicies.Thisindexwasdeveloped anddesignedtosupplementtheenvironmentaltargetsset forthintheU.N.MillenniumDevelopmentGoals. AsofJanuary,2008twoEPIreportshavebeenreleased the Pilot2006EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexandthe2008 EnvironmentalPerformanceIndex. AhighEPI indicatesgoodenvironmentalperformance.

WhatisthePhilippines EPI?

For2008,ourcountrysEPIis77.9.In2006,ourscorewas69.4. ThePhilippineswasovertaken(droppingfrom4thin2006to 5thin2008)byThailandinthelatestrankings

HowistheEPIDetermined?

EPI isscoredusingindicators(atotalof25)forpolicysubcategories(see attachedsheet). Theeffectsofairpollutiononhumanhealthandtheecosystemcontributed 12.5% and2.5% oftheEPI,respectively. Theindicatorsusedforairpollutionhealtheffectswereurbanparticulates, indoorairpollutionandhealthozone.Foreffectsonecosystemvitality,sulfur dioxideemissionsandecosystemozonewereusedasindicators.

WhatistheCorrelationbetweenAirQualityand HealthinMetroManila(from2003to2007)?

DatafromtheDOHsFieldHealthSurveyandtheEMBsair qualitymonitoringbothshowadownwardtrendfrom2003 through2007intermsofbronchitishealthdata.

WhatistheCorrelationbetweenAirQualityandHealthin MetroManila(from2003to2007)?

BasedonDOHdataonmorbiditycasesforAirPollutionRelatedDiseases 20032007: Bronchitis:29%(decrease) AirQuality:19%(decrease)

Thisdownwardtrendissupportedbythefindingsofastudyofthe DOHundertheMMAQISDPincooperationwiththeAsian DevelopmentBankandtheWorldHealthOrganizationconducted from2002through2003.

WhatistheCorrelationbetweenAirQualityand HealthinMetroManila(from2003to2007)?

It was also found that there is a significant improvement in blood lead levels among children in Metro Manila since 2000 when the unleaded gasoline policy has been implemented. In 2003, only 34.6% of study children exceeding the US CDC guideline value of 10g/dl as compared to 90.3%in2000.

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrend ofAirQualityinMetroManila?

CompletionoftheMRTconstructionalongEDSA ImplementationoftheMMDAUnifiedVehicleReduction Programalongmainthoroughfares(Colorcoding)i.e.EDSA

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrendof values(orimprovement)ofAirQualityinMetro Manila?

Improvedfuelquality
PhaseoutofleadedgasolineinJanuary2001 ReductionofbenzeneandaromaticsinULGfrom4%(byvol.)to2%and45% to35%fromJan.2000toJan.2003,respectively Reductionofsulfurcontentofautomotivedieseloil(ADO)from0.5%to 0.20%from1999to2001&furtherreductionto0.05%inJan.2004 Reductionofsulfurcontentofindustrialdieseloil(IDO)to0.30%inJan.2001 ImplementationofMC55requiringallgovernmentvehiclestouse dieselfuel blendedwith1%CMEstartingJuly2004 Useof2%biodiesel blend(nomore100%conventionaldiesel)and availabilityofE10effectiveFebruary2006(BioFuelsAct).

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrend ofValues(orimprovement)ofAirQualityin MetroManila?

Photocredit:Pcij.org

IntensifiedemissiontestingpriortoLTOregistrationrenewalthruprivate emissiontestingcenters(PETCs)startingJanuary2003 MonitoringofPETCsthruDENRDOTCDTIJointAdministrativeOrderin 2003andfurtherrevisioninDec.2007 Formulation/RevisionofEmissionstandardsformotorvehicles Implementationofmorestringentemissionstandardsforinusemotor vehicles(DAO200351)andfurtherrevisioninJuly2007(DAO200727) Implementationofemissionstandardsformotorcyclesandtricycles (DAO200325) AdoptionofEURO2TypeApprovalEmissionStandardsfornewmotor vehicles(DAO200727)effectiveJan.1,2008

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrend ofValues(orimprovement)ofAirQualityin MetroManila?

Intensified antismoke belching operations by MMDA thru MMAQISDP (20002002), the SMOKE FREE EDSA (Oct 2003) later changed to LINIS HANGINPROGRAM(Nov.2004uptoJune2009)byDENR. EffectiveJuly2009,INTENSIFIEDASBOEPRATIONSOFTHEMETRO MANILALGUs incoordinationwiththeMMASBA,LTOandLTFRB Intensified stack emission testing program of industrial sources/facilities within the Metro Manila Airshed (MMAQISDP)/accreditation of 3rd Party StackEmissionFirms(2003present)

WhataretheReasonsontheDownwardTrend ofValues(orImprovement)ofAirQualityin MetroManila?

UseofAlternativeFuels Conversionofgasolinefed taxistoLPG IntroductionofnewCNG busespursuanttoExecutive OrderNo.290[NaturalGas VehicleProgramforPublic Transport(NGVPPT)]dated 14February2004.Todate,a totalof30newCNGbuses plyingtherouteof Batangas/Sta.CruzEDSA Cubao&viceversa(on commercialscale) IntensifiedIECandpublic awarenesscampaign Voluntaryphaseoutof2stroke motorcyclesbythemotorcycle manufacturersinmid2006