1.

(a)

(i) What is a catalyst? (ii) State two characteristics of a catalyst. (iii) Name one chemical process and the catalyst used in industry. [4 marks]

(b) State two factors other than catalyst which can affect the rate of reaction. Based on collision theory, explain how the factors that you mentioned can affect the rate of reaction. [8 marks] (c) Knowledge about the factors that affect the rate of reaction is very useful in human life. State two activities at home and explain how the knowledge about the factors that affect the rate of reaction is applied in the activities mentioned. [8 marks] 2 . An experiment is conducted to determine the rate of reaction between 25 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid 0.1 mol dm-3 and 10.0 g of marble chips. The gas evolved is collected into a burette by water displacement technique. Diagram 5 shows the incomplete apparatus set-up for this experiment. Table 5 shows the result of the experiment. Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 dan 10.0 g ketulan kalsium karbonat. Gas yang terbebas dikumpulkan ke dalam sebuah buret menggunakan kaedah sesaran air. Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas yang tidak lengkap yang digunakan dalam eksperimen itu. Jadual 5 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu. Time /s Masa/s Volume of gas/cm3 Isipadu gas/cm3 0 0 25 16 50 32 TABLE 5 [Relative atomic mass: Ca=40; C=12; O=16. Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition] 75 48 100 58 125 60 150 60 175 60

Burrette Buret

Hydrochloric acid Asid hidroklorik Marble chips Ketulan marmar DIAGRAM 5 (a) Complete the diagram above with a suitable apparatus.

Water Air

Lengkapkan gambarajah di atas dengan radas yang sesuai. (b) [1 mark] Write the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan kalsium karbonat. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (c) Calculate the average rate of reaction in the first 50 seconds. Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata dalam 50 saat yang pertama.

[1 mark] (d) (i) Plot a graph of volume of gas against time on the graph paper provided. Lukiskan graf isipadu gas melawan masa menggunakan kertas graf yang dibekalkan. [4 marks] Calculate the rate of reaction at 100 seconds. Hitungkan kadar tindak balas pada 100 saat .

(ii)

[3 marks] 6. KEDAH 08 A student carried out an experiment to determine the rate of reaction between excess granulated zinc,Zn and 50 cm 3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid,HCl. Volume of hydrogen gas collected is measured at intervals of 30 seconds for a period of 5 minutes. The results obtained are shown in Table 6. Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen bagi menentukan kadar tindak balas ketulan zink , Zn berlebihan dengan 50 cm 3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm -3 . Isipadu gas yang terkumpul diukur pada sela masa 30 saat bagi tempoh 5 minit. Keputusan yang diperolehi ditunjukkan pada Jadual 6.
Time/s Masa/s Total volume of gas collected /cm3 Jumlah isipadu gas terkumpul/ cm 3 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300

0.0

6.0

11.0

16.0

20.0

24.0

28.0

33.0

35.0

35.0

35.0

Table 6 (a) What is meant by rate of reaction based on the experiment above?.

Apakah maksud kadar tindak balas merujuk kepada eksperimen di atas?. ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... [1 mark] (b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut. ..................................................................................................... [2 marks] (c) Draw the graph of total volume of gas collected against time. Lukis graf jumlah isipadu gas yang terkumpul melawan masa [4 marks]

Based on the graph in (c), calculate The rate of reaction at 120 seconds. Berdasarkan graf di (c ), hitung kadar tindak balas pada 120 saat. [2 marks] Pahang08 5. The following equation shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at room condition using a catalyst. Persamaan berikut menunjukkan penguraian hidrogen peroksida pada keadaan bilik menggunakan suatu mangkin.

(d)

2H2O2(l)

O2(g)

2H2O(l)

Oxygen gas was collected and the result shown in Table 4. Gas oksigen telah dikumpukan keputusan ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 4. Time (s) Masa 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Volume of oxygen gas (cm3) Isipadu 0.0 15.0 25.0 32.5 38.0 42.0 45.5 47.5 49.0 50.0 50.0 Table 4 Jadual 4

(a) Plot the graph of the volume of oxygen gas against time on the graph paper provided below Plot graf isipadu oksigen melawan masa pada kertas graf yang disediakan di bawah. [3 marks] (b) Based on your graph in (a), calculate the rate of reaction at 20 s. Berdasarkan graf anda di (a), hitung kadar tindak balas pada 20 s.

[2 marks] (c) Why does the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide decreases with time? Mengapakah penguraian hidrogen peroksida berkurang dengan masa? ......... [1 mark] (d) (i) Suggest one catalyst that can be used for this reaction. Cadangkan satu mangkin yang boleh digunakan untuk tindakbalas ini. ........................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) With reference to the collision theory, explain how does catalyst in (d)(i), affects the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Dengan merujuk kepada teori pelanggaran, jelaskan bagaimana mangkin di (d)(i), mempengaruhi kadar penguraian hidrogen peroksida. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. [3 marks] Kelantan08 8 A group of students carried out an experiment (experiment I ) to determine the rate of reaction between excess marble chips and 50 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid at room temperature. The reaction was completed within 300 seconds. Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan eksperimen (eksperimen I) untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara kepingan batu marmar berlebihan dan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 pada suhu bilik. Tindak balas lengkap dalam masa 300 saat. (a) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up of apparatus for the experiment. Lukiskan rajah berlabel bagi alat radas yang digunakan untuk eksperimen.

[2 marks]

[2 markah] (ii) Sketch a graph of volume of gas against time that you expect to obtain from the experiment. Lakarkan graf isipadu gas melawan masa yang anda jangkakan diperolehi daripada eksperimen.

[2 marks] [2 markah] (b ) (i) Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide expected to be evolved. [Relative atomic mass: H=1, C=12, O=16, Ca= 40 and 1 mole of any gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure] Kirakan isipadu maksimum karbon dioksida yang dijangka dibebaskan. [Jisim atom relatif: H=1, C=12, O=16, Ca= 40 dan 1 mol bagi sebarang gas menempati ruang 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik ]

[4 marks] [4 markah] (ii) Calculate the overall rate of reaction. Kirakan kadar tindak balas keseluruhan. [2 marks] [2 markah] (c) The group of students carried out two more experiments to study other factors that can change the rate of reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid. Table 8 shows the results of the experiments. Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen lain untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mengubah kadar untuk tindak balas di antara kepingan marmar dan asid hidroklorik. Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen. Experiments Eksperimen II Reactant and condition Bahan dan keadaan tindak balas Excess small marble chips are added to 50 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid at 40oC. Kepingan kecil marmar berlebihan ditambahkan kepada 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 pada suhu 40o C. Excess powdered marble chips are added to 50 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid at room temperature. Serbuk marmar berlebihan ditambahkan kepada 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 pada suhu bilik.

III

Table 8 Using the collision theory, explain the changes in the rate of reaction that you would expect in Experiment II and III compared to experiment I. Menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan perubahan dalam kadar tindak balas yang anda jangkakan dalam Eksperimen II dan III berbanding eksperimen I.. [10 marks] [10 markah] JOHOR08 PAPER 3 1. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of the size of the marble chips on the rate of reaction. A burette was filled with water and inverted in a basin containing water. The initial burette reading was recorded. 5.0 g of large marble chips were placed in a conical flask. 50 cm 3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl was added into a conical flask. The conical flask was closed with a stopper fitted with a delivery tube directed to the burette and the stop-watch was started simultaneously. The burette reading was recorded at 30-seconds intervals. Experiment was repeated by using 5.0 g of small marble chips. Diagrams below show the burette readings for the experiment between large marble chips with hydrochloric acid. (a) Record the volume of carbon dioxide gas in the spaces provided
50 41 32

49

40

31

48

39

30

Burette reading cm3 at 0 min

Burette reading cm3 at min

Burette reading cm3 at 1 min

25

20

16

24

19

15

23
Burette reading cm3 at 1 min

18 Burette reading cm3 at 2 min 6

14
Burette reading cm3 at 2 min

12

10

11

10 Burette reading cm3 at 3 min 6

9

8
Burette reading cm3 at 3 min 6 9

7 Burette reading cm3 at 4 min

7
Burette reading cm3 at 4 min

7 Burette reading cm3 at 5 min

[3 marks]

(b)

Construct a table showing the changes of time, burette readings and volumes of carbon dioxide gas liberated for the experiment.

[3 marks] (c) Table 1 shows the volume of carbon dioxide gas liberated when the experiment was repeated by using 5.0 g of small marble chips.
Time /min 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4

Volume of carbon dioxide / cm3

0.0 0

20.00 29.00 35.00 38.00

40.0 0

41.5 0

41.50 41.50

TABLE 1 Based on the data in (b) and Table 1, draw the graphs volume of carbon dioxide gas liberated against time for both experiments on the same axes. [3 marks]
(d) State the relationship between the size of marble chips and the rate of reaction?

........ [3 marks] (e) Meat which is cut into small pieces takes a shorter time to cook compared to meat that is cut into big pieces. Explain why? [3 marks] (e) Complete the table below based on the experiment. Action to be taken (i) The way to manipulate variable ........................................................ ......................................................... ......................................................... (ii) What to observe in the responding variable ......................................................... .......................................................... (iii) The way to maintain the fixed Variable

Name of variables (i) Manipulated variable ............................................................ ............................................................ ............................................................ (ii) Responding variable ............................................................ ............................................................ ............................................................. (iii) Fixed variable .............................................................

............................................................. ............................................................

......................................................... ......................................................... [3 marks]

For Examiners Use

Reaction I / Tindak balas I Reaction between sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3 solution and dilute sulphuric acid, H2SO4 will produce sodium sulphate, Na2SO4, sulphur, S, sulphur dioxide, SO2 and water, H2O. The chemical equation is: Tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat, Na2S2O3 dan asid sulfurik cair, H2SO4 akan menghasilkan natrium sulfat, Na2SO4, sulfur, S, sulfur dioksida, SO2 dan air, H2O. Persamaan kimia adalah: Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + S + SO2 + H2O Reaction II / Tindak balas II Reaction between hydrochloric acid, HCl and zinc, Zn will produce zinc chloride, ZnCl2 and hydrogen gas, H2. The chemical equation is: Tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik, HCl dan zink, Zn akan menghasilkan zink klorida, ZnCl2 dan gas hydrogen, H2. Persamaan kimia adalah: 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2 By using the information of Reaction I or Reaction II, plan an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction. Your planning should include: Dengan menggunakan maklumat Tindak balas I atau Tindak balas II, rancang satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar tindak balas. Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Problem statement Pernyataan masalah All the variables Semua pembolehubah Hypothesis Hipotesis List of material and apparatus Senarai bahan dan alat radas Procedure Prosedur Tabulation of data Penjadualan data [17 marks] [17 markah]

Total 2
17

JOHOR09