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SCALE

1. Construct a scale 1cm=1mto reads meter and decimeters and long enough to measure up to 14 meters. Show on this scale a distance equal to 12.6 meters. 2. Construct a diagonal scale of R.F=1/5000 to show hundred meters, ten meters and single meter and long enough to measure up to 500 meters. Also show the distance 467 meters on it. 3. The distance between the Ludhiana and Chandigarh is 100 km and it is represented on a certain map by a line 2.5 cm long. Find the R.F. of the scale map. Draw its diagonal scale showing single kilometer and long enough to measure up to 600 km. indicate the distance of 573 km on this scale. 4. Construct a scale of 1 cm = 0.5 meter to show a single meter and a single decimeter and long enough to measure upto 8 m. Also show the distance of 7m5dm and 6m4dm. 5. Construct a scale of 1 cm = 1 meter to show a single meter and a single decimeter and long enough to measure upto10 m. Also show the distance of 6m4dm and 9m8dm. 6. Construct a plane scale of 1 cm = 0.5 kilometer to read a single kilometer and a single hectometer and long enough to measure upto 9 km. Also show the distance of 6km4hm on it. 7. Construct a diagonal scale of RF = 1/5000 to show hundred meter, ten meters and single meter and long enough to measure up to 600 meters. Also show the distance of 375m and 567m on it. 8. A rectangular plot 16 square kilometers in area is represented on certain map by a similar rectangular of area 1 square centimetre. Draw a plain scale to show units of ten kilometers and single kilometers and long enough to read up to 60 km. find R.F. of the scale. Also show a distance of 55 kilometres on it. 9. Distance between two railway stations is 600 km. it is represented on a railway map by a line 15 cm long. Construct a diagonal scale to measure up to a kilometer. Find its R.F. and indicate a distance of 346 km on this scale. 10. What are the uses of scales? What are the different types of scales explain them and how RF is calculated in scale.

TECHANICAL LETERING
1. Write in Single stroke vertical and inclined style using Ratio 7:5, the following statements HONESITY IS THE BEST POLICY GURU KASHI UNIVERSITY DRAWING IS LANGUAGE OF ENGINEERS HARD WORK IS KEY TO SUCCESS RESPECT YOUR PARENTS AND TEACHERS SAVE WATER FOR FUTURE KEEPS CITY CLEAN AND GREEN INDIA IS GREAT COUNTRY WE HAVE PROUD TO BE INDIAN

PROJECTION OF POINT AND LINE


1. A point Q is 25 mm above the HP and 30 mm behind VP. Draw its projections in all four quadrants. 2. A point C is 15 mm above HP and 45 mm in front of VP in what quadrant another point D lies if the distance between the vertical projections of C and D be equal to 60 mm and the distance between the projectors through C and D be 40 mm and the point D is 40 mm in front of VP? 3. Draw the projection of following points on a common xy line. Keep the distance between two consecutive projectors as 20 mm. a. 30 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP b. 30 mm above HP and 30 mm behind VP c. 30 mm below HP and 30 mm behind VP d. 30 mm below HP and 30 mm in front of VP 4. Point A is 25 mm above HP and is in first quadrants. Its shortest distance from the xy line is 50 mm. draw its plan and elevation. 5. Point A inis 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP and point B is

6. A straight line AB 50 mm long makes an angle of 30 to the HP .The end A is 12 mm above the HP and 15 mm in front of the VP.Draw the top view and front view of the line AB. 7. A line AB 50 mm long has its end A is 25 mm away from the HP and 15 mm away from the VP. The line is inclined to the HP at 300 and parallel to the VP. Draw its projection in 1st and 3rd quadrants. 8. A 45 line AB, 35 mm long is perpendicular to VP and its end B is 15 mm form HP and 10 mm from the VP. The extremities of the line lie in some quadrants. Draw its projections.Also locate its traces. 9. A line AB, 60 mm long has its end B 20 mm away from HP and 40 mm away from VP .The line is parallel to both the principle planes. Draw its projections in all the four quadrants. 10.A line AB, 80 mm long has its end A on H.P. and 15 mm in front of V.P. the other end B is 50 mm above H.P. and 70 mm in front of V.P. Draw its projections of the line and find the inclination of the line with both the reference plane.

PROJECTION OF PLANES
1. Draw the projections of a square lamina of 30 mm side, the plane of which is inclined at 40 to the HP and one of its diagonal is horizontal to HP. 2. A regular pentagon of 25 mm side has one side in the HP. Its plane is inclined to an angle of 30 to the HP and perpendicular to VP. Draw the projection of the plane. 3. A regular hexagonal lamina ABCDEF 25 mm side has its side DE lies on HP. Draw its projections when its plane is parallel to and 10 m in front of VP. Also locate its traces. 4. A regular hexagonal lamina of side 20 mm side, rests on one of its side on HP. Such that it is perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP at 45 . Its corner nearest to the VP is 15 mm away from VP. Draw its projections in first angle 5. A rectangular palne ABCD having its smaller side AB=30mm and longer side BC=40mm is kept on the HP on its smaller side and is inclined to at

an angle of 30o. Draw the projection of the rectangular when its surface is perpendicular to VP. 6. Draw the projection of a circular lamina of 50 mm diameter whose centre is 30 mm from HP and 20 mm in front of VP. The circular lamina is inclined at an angle of 30 to HP and perpendicular to VP. 7. Draw the projections of a square lamina of 30 mm side, the plane of which is inclined at 40 to the HP and one of its diagonal is horizontal to HP. 8. A regular hexagonal lamina, of side 20 mm rest on one of its sides on HP such that it is perpendicular to VP and inclined to the HP at 45 o. Its corner nearest to VP is 15 mm away from the VP. Draw the projection in first angle. 9. A regular pentagon ABCDE, of 25 mm side has its side BC in HP. Its plane is perpendicular to the HP and inclined at 45o to the VP. Draw the projection of the pentagon and show its traces when its corner nearest to the VP is 10 mm from it. 10. A rectangle ABCD, 60mm* 40mm, is parallel to HP with one of its side inclined at 30o to VP and the end of the side near VP is 15mm in front of the VP and 30mm above the HP. Draw its projection and position of traces.

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS
1. Draw the projection of a cube, edge 30mm, resting on one of its faces in HP and with its vertical faces equally inclined to VP. 2. Draw the plan and elevation of a cone (base diameter = 30 mm. height = 60 mm) when its axis is inclined at 40 to HP. 3. Draw the projection of pentagonal prism edge of base 25mm and 40mm long having one of its base edge perpendicular to VP. 4. A right regular hexagonal pyramid, side of 25mm and height 65mm rest on HP on its base, with one of its base side parallel to VP and distance 20mm in front of it. Draw its projection. 5. A right regular pentagonal pyramid, side of 25mm and height 50mm has its base parallel to VP with one of its base edge in HP. Draw its projection.

6. Triangular prism side of base 30mm and axis 55mm long lies on one of its rectangular faces in HP with its axis parallel to VP, draw its projections. 7. A hexagonal prism side of base 25mm and axis 62mm long lies on one of its rectangular faces on HP with its axis perpendicular to VP, draw its projection when the farther end of the prism is 23mm in front of VP. 8. Draw the projection of a cone of 40mm base diameter and height 50mm in first and third angle.

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
1. Three cubes of 40 mm, 30 mm & 20 mm are placed centrally such that the biggest cube at the bottom whereas the smallest on the top. Draw the isometric drawing of the solids. 2. A cube 25mm edge is placed centrally on the top of another square block of 40mm edge and 15mm thick. Draw the isometric drawing of it. 3. Draw the isometric drawing of frustum of right regular hexagonal pyramid side of base hexagon is 20mm, side of top hexagon is 10mm and height of the frustum 20mm 4. Draw the isometric drawing of pentagonal prism of side 25mm and height 60mm.

SECTION OF SOLID
1. A right regular pentagonal pyramid, side of base 30 mm and height 52 mm, rests on its base in HP with one of its base edge perpendicular to VP. A section plane parallel to the HP cuts the axis of the pyramid at a distance of 25 mm from its base. Draw its front view and sectional view. 2. A right circular cone, base diameter 50 mm and height 60 mm, lies on one of its elements in HP, such that its axis is parallel to VP. A section plane parallel to HP and perpendicular to VP cuts the cone, meeting the axis at a distance of 15 mm from the base. Draw the front view and sectional top view of the cut cone. 3. A right regular pentagonal pyramid, side of base 30 mm and height 60 mm, rests on its base on HP such that one of base edges is perpendicular to the

VP. A section plane parallel to the VP cuts the pyramid and is at a distance of 8mm from the axis. Draw its top view and sectional front view. 4. A cube, of 30 mm edge, rests on HP on one of its corner, with its body diagonal perpendicular to the HP. A section plane perpendicular to the HP and parallel to the VP cuts the cubes and is 10 mm away from the body diagonal towards the observer. Draw its top and sectional views. 5. A right regular hexagonal pyramid of base 25 mm and height 55 mm, rests on its base on HP, with one of its base edges parallel to VP and inclined to HP at 30, cuts the pyramid and passes through the centre of its axis. Draw its front view and sectional top view. 6. A triangular prism, side of base 45 mm and length of axis 75 mm laying on one of its rectangular faces on HP such that its axis is parallel to both HP and VP it is cut by a section plane parallel to HP at a distance of 22 mm from the HP, Draw its front view and sectional top view. 7. A cylinder of 40 mm diameter and 55 mm long is resting on one of its bases on HP. It is cut by a section plane inclined at 60 deg. with HP and perpendicular to VP Passing through a point on the axis 18 mm from its top end. Draw its sectional top view, front view. 8. Right circular cylinder, diameter of base 54 mm and axis 75 mm long, has a circular hole of 30 mm drilled centrally through it. It rests on its base on HP. An AIP inclined to the HP at 45 cuts it, meeting the axis at a distance of 20 mm from the top end face. Draw its sectional top view, showing true shape of the section. 9. A pentagon pyramid of 30 mm base edges and axis 70 mm long, resting on its base on the HP having a side of base perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a section plane parallel to VP and 10 mm away from the axis. Draw its sectional plane and elevation? 10. A cube of 40 mm edges is resting on its one of its faces on HP with a vertical face inclined to 30o to VP. It is cut by a section plane parallel to the VP and passes 15 mm away from the axis., Draw its top view and Sectional front view.

INTERSECTION OF CYLINDER
1. A vertical cylinder of 45 mm diameter and height 70 mm resting on its base on H. P, is completely, penetrated-by another cylinder of lager diameter and Length. Their axes bisect each other at right angles and are parallel to V.P. 2. A vertical cylinder of 50mm diameter and height 70mm standing on its base on H.P is completely penetrated by a horizontal cylinder of 35mm diameter and 70mm long such that their axes bisect each other at right angles and are Parallel to V.P. Draw the curves of interpenetration in front view? 3. A vertical square prism of 60 mm base and axis length of 110 mm is resting on one of its square base on ground and having its two rectangular faces equally inclined to VP. A horizontal square hole of side 40 mm is drilled through it such that the axes of both the prism and the hole bisect each other at right angle. The faces of the hole are equally inclined to HP. Draw the Projection of the combination and show the lines of intersection. 4. Two circular pipes 70 mm and 50 mm diameters meet each other at 35. The axes of both the pipes are in one plane and the larger diameter pipe is vertical. Draw the projections showing the curves of intersection.

DEVELOPEMENT OF SURFACE
1. A pentagonal prism of 25 mm base edges and 50 mm long is resting on its base with an edge at 45 to VP. The prism is cut by a section plane inclined at 30 to HP and passes through a point 25 mm from the base along its axis. Develop the lateral surface of the truncated prism. 2. A right circular cone, diameter of base 40 mm and height 50 mm, rests on its base on HP. A section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP at 45 cuts the cone bisecting its axis. Draw projections of the truncated cone and develop its lateral surface. 3. A square pyramid , edge of base 30mm and height 50mm , rests on its base, in HP such that all its base edges are equally inclined to the VP. Draw projection and develop its lateral surface. 4. Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the pyramid of height 4 cm. The pyramid is having hexagonal base of 2 cm each side length. The base is parallel to HP and two sides of the base are parallel to the VP.

5. A right regular square prism, side of base 25 mm and height 50 mm, rests on its base on HP such that it vertical faces are equally inclined to the VP. A horizontal circular hole of diameter 30 mm drilled centrally through it such that the axis of the hole cuts the diagonally opposite vertically edges. Develop its lateral surface

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1. Incomplete orthographic projection of object as shown in figure. Draw the missing line in these view.

2. Incomplete orthographic projection of object as shown in figure. Draw the missing line in these views

3. Incomplete orthographic projection of object as shown in figure. Draw the missing line in these views

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