Ladies and gentlemen

The purpose of my presentation is to brief the

laboratory of «Treatment and Disposal of Solid
Waste» at TEI of Western Macedonia. The
preparation of the laboratory began in 2007 with
my initiative and the full support of the two
Presidents of TEI Mr Ganatsos and Mr
Charalambides.
It is well known that the design, the development
and the implementation processes of the waste
management plans have to take into account a
number of important factors. Such factors are:
• the attitude of citizens
The greatest difficulty for every citizen is to
understand that the word garbage is not a synonym
of the word useless. All of us like good and
tasteful food, we want to have beautiful clothes
and to drive a luxury car. But the production and
the consumption of these consumer goods creates
waste. None, however, quite rightly, does not
want his house next to a landfill or an
incineration plant or a mechanical waste
treatment factory.
This contradiction is a big challenge for the
state, which should first take care of the
creation of a different attitude and culture to
people. People must understand that their wastes
are not useless and harmful residues, but are
valuable secondary raw materials.
• Political conditions - Political will
The various parties have often different programs
and proposals about the waste management. A major
role is played by political alliances and cross-
collaborations between the political parties. The
distribution and the alternation of political
power, are also playing a major role.
• The frame of law
The legal framework of the EU is Clear, is
binding and takes precedence over national law.
Member States are obliged, within a reasonable
time, be consistent with this, but unfortunately
is can be avoid by paying fines.
• Local consumer habits
This differentiation is mainly based on the
different lifestyle, which is expressed by the
different nutritional habits, between the
citizens of big and regional cities.
• The technical - financial conditions
Only If all the above mentioned factors have been
fully studied, we can continue with the pure
technical and scientific aspects of the
management of solid waste, which is the subject
of the laboratory of solid waste processing at
TEI of Western Macedonia.
The creation of an integrated municipal waste
management system requires certain information
directly from the waste that we want to manage,
because the waste is not the same everywhere.
This information can not be the result of a
statistical process, but must be subject of
analysis and measurements in situ and these can
now be made in our laboratory.
1. The qualitative and quantitative composition of waste
2. The size and size distribution
3. The weight and the bulk density
4. Moisture
5. The volume
6. The mass
7. The water absorption capacity
8. The compressibility
9. The hydraulic conductivity
10. The pH
11. The calorific value
12. Suitability for burning
13. The loss of mass by the calcination
14. The ash residue
15. The ability for composting
16. The biodegradability
17. The salt content
18. The content of harmful materials
19. The content of fertilizer
20. Tests of leachability

20 different tests and measurements can be made

in our laboratory. The laboratory is equipped
with a lot of instruments and machines, but allow
me now to present to you only the heavy artillery
of it.
APPENDIX
Power Point 1, 2: We see a hamermill. That is the inside of the mill. We
see the rotor with the free hanging hammers fitted on it. We see also the
sieve that defines the size of the pieces. This crasher is used by the
processing of building, demolition, renovation and other hard wastes.

Power Point 3, 4, 5: This is a double shaft cutting machine. We see the

two shafts. They rotate converse to each other and cut in this way soft and
elastic materials. If it’s a problem the machine stops automatically and
continues again after a sort time.

Power Point 6, 7, 8: This is a single shaft cutting machine. On the shaft

are fitted the cutting devises. This plate is pressing the waste against the
rotating shaft. We have again a sieve to define the size of the out coming
materials. This cutting machine is used to cut soft and elastic materials.

Power Point 9, 10: This is our drum sieve (Cylindrical). It is a none

continuously working sieve. It means it works in many steps, we have
first to change the sieves to go to the next step of sieving. This red line is
around of the machine and is an emergency stop.

Power Point 11: This is a continuously working sieve in a composting

plant.

Power Point 12, 13: Here is our air classifier. It is composed of five
parts: the suction fan, the aero cyclone, the classifying chamber, the
control unit and the vibrating feeder. Heavy materials fall down while
light materials are taken off by the air stream to the cyclone, through this
pipeline.

Power Point 14, 15 : We see here a magnetic drum which is used to

separate magnetic (iron metals) from none magnetic materials
(aluminum, copper, paper, plastics, glass, wood ect.). The magnetic
materials stick on the rotating drum, while the none magnetic materials
fall down.

Power Point 16, 17: This is our over band magnetic separator. This
strong magnet is feeded with material by a belt conveyor from under side.
The magnetic materials stick on the moving belt, while the none magnetic
materials make a free fall.
Power Point 18, 19, 20: This is our inductive separator, so called eddy
current separator. It is composed of the vibrating feeder, the inductive
drum, the belt movement drum and the control unit. It is used to separate
conductors (aluminum, copper, iron) from isolators (paper, plastics, glass,
wood ect.). Material is coming from the vibrating feeder to the belt as a
single bed (it is a condition). At the end of the belt there is a fast rotating
strong magnetic drum. The rotation of the magnetic field creates a flow of
electricity through the inductive materials on the surface of the belt. This
electricity flow creates a secondary inductive magnetic field, which is
converse to the initial magnetic field. So we see that the inductive
materials are pushed and flung to a longer distance as the other materials.
We see the two separated material streams.

Power Point 21, 22: The last machine is a very impressive one. It’s
called color separator and is composed of the belt, a CCD camera, a
microprocessor, a pressed air unit with the valve and a PC with the
suitable software. On the monitor we choose the color to be separated.
The CCD camera scans the belt and when the chosen color is discovered
the software calculates the needed time for the piece to reach the pressed
air valve. The valve opens and the piece is blown down of the belt, while
other pieces continue till the end of it.
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
 TEI WESTERN MAC

23.wmv
 TEI WESTERN MAC

23.wmv
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
 TEI WESTERN MAC

23.wmv
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC
TEI WESTERN MAC