Fluid Mechanics

Nomenclature
atm A BHP c CC D atmospheric pressure area brake horsepower; hp speed of sound capital charge constant, 1/yr diameter diameter of the pipe wall friction factor friction heating per unit mass gravity constant head suction friction head gauge reading at the suction flange of a pump static suction head velocity head at point of gauge attachment total dynamic head bulk modulus mass flowrate Mach number available net positive suction head required net positive suction head impeller rotational speed, rpm vapor pressure pressure pumping cost constant, $/(hp-yr) purchasing price constant, $/in., (dia.) x feet (of length) volumetric flowrate Reynolds number specific gravity velocity position in the direction opposite that of gravity pipe length pipe roughness fluid viscosity density

D0
f F g h

h fs hgs hss hvs

H K m M (NPSH)a NPSH)r N p P PC PP Q Re s V z

Energy Relationships (incompressible flow) Bernoullis Equation:

V12 A12 P2 P 1 2 F 1 = 2 A2

Diffuser and sudden expansions:

V12 P2 P F 1 = 2

Friction Heating in a Pipe:

F = Q

128 D04

Torricellis Equation: (For flow from the bottom of a vessel)

V2 = 2 g h

Pressure-Depth Relationship: (Constant density)

P2 P 1 = g ( z2 z1 )
Reynolds Number: Re =

D V

Friction Factor (f): 1 0.9 0.27 = 4 log = + ( 7 / Re ) f D Re 4000 Mach number:

M =V /c

Speed of Sound:

c=

A) Pump, Compressor, and Pipe Equations Economic Pipe Diameter:

Decon

10 PC m3 f (4 / ) 2 (1/ p 2 ) = CC PP

1/ 6

Pump Power Output:

kW = H Q / 3.670 105 (H in N m / kg ; Q in m3 / h ; in kg / m3 )

kW = H Q / 3.599 106 (H in Pa; Q in m3 / h ) hp = H Q s / 3.960 103 (H in lb f ft / lbm ; Q in gal/min) hp = H Q /1.714 103 (H in lb f / in 2 ; Q in gal/min)
Net Positive Suction Head*: (Be sure to convert pressure units to head)

( NPSH )a = hss h fs p For an existing installation: ( NPSH )a = atm + hgs p + hvs * To avoid cavitiation, (NPSH)a (NPSH)r
Head-Flow Relationship: (pumps)

(Q2 ) 2 h2 = (Q1 ) 2 h1
Specific Speed ( N s )**:

Ns =

N Q 0.5 H 0.75 (Q in gal/min; H in ft lb f / lbm )

** For compressors, H is adiabatic head

Suction Specific Speed (S):

S=

N Q1/ 2 ( NPSH )3/ 4

Specific Diameter ( Ds ): (Compressors)

Ds = D H 0.25 D H 0.25 D = s Q 0.5 Q 0.5

Flow Coefficient ( ): (Compressors)

Q N D3

Pressure Coefficient ( ):

H N D2
2

The Affinity Laws (pumps) Capacity:

Constant Impeller Dia.

Constant Impeller Speed (D = impeller dia.)

Q1 D1 = Q2 D2

Q1 N1 = Q2 N 2
Head:

Constant Impeller Dia.

Constant Impeller Speed (D = impeller dia.)

h1 ( D1 ) 2 = h2 ( D2 ) 2

H1 ( N1 ) 2 = H 2 ( N 2 )2
Break Horsepower: Constant Impeller Dia.

Constant Impeller Speed (D = impeller dia.)

BHP ( D1 )3 1 = BHP2 ( D2 )3

BHP ( N1 )3 1 = BHP2 ( N 2 )3

LaBour Pump Company 901 Ravenwood Drive, Selma, Alabama 36701 Ph: (317) 924-7384 - Fax: (317) 920-6605 - www.labourtaber.com
A Product of Peerless Pump Company Copyright 2005 Peerless Pump Company