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Rated supply voltage for closing and opening devices and auxiliary circuits (cf. 4.8 IEC 60 694)
c Values of supply voltage for auxiliary circuits: v for direct current (dc): 24 - 48 - 60 - 110 or 125 - 220 or 250 volts, v for alternating current (ac): 120 - 220 - 230 - 240 volts. c The operating voltages must lie within the following ranges: v motor and closing release units: -15% to +10% of Ur in dc and ac v opening release units: -30% to +10% of Ur in dc -15% to +10% of Ur in ac v undervoltage opening release unit:
the release unit gives the command and forbids closing the release unit must not have an action
0%
35 %
70 %
100 %
(at 85%, the release unit must enable the device to close)
t Isc Ir
t'
O CO
: :
represents opening operation represents closing operation followed immediately by an opening operation
c Three rated operating sequences exist: v slow: 0 - 3 mn - CO - 3 mn - CO v quick 1: O - 0.3 s - CO - 3 mn - CO v quick 2: O - 0.3 s - CO - 15 s - CO
N.B.: other sequences can be requested.
open position
displacement of contacts
current flows
opening-closing duration making-breaking duration contacts are touching in all poles and order O energising of closing circuit current starts to flow in first pole
time
Schneider Electric
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Switchgear definition
c Automatic reclosing cycle Assumption: C order as soon as the circuit breaker is open, (with time delay to achieve 0.3 sec or 15 secs or 3 min).
closed position
current flows making-breaking duration opening-closing duration remaking duration reclosing duration final arc extinction in all poles separation of arc contacts in all poles and order C energising of opening release unit
current flows
time
the contacts are touching in all poles the contacts touch in the first pole
Example 1: c For a circuit breaker with a minimum opening duration of 45 ms (Top) to which we add 10 ms (Tr) due to relaying, the graph gives a percentage of the aperiodic component of around 30 % for a time constant 1 = 45 ms: %DC = e
-(45 + 10) 45
= 29.5 %
Example 2: c Supposing that % DC of a MV circuit breaker is equal to 65% and that the symmetric short-circuit current that is calculated (Isym) is equal to 27 kA. What does Iasym equal? Iasym = Isym
= 27 kA
% DC 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
[A]
4= 120 ms
(alternating time constant)
= 36.7 kA c Using the equation [A], this is equivalent to a symmetric short-circuit current at a rating of:
36.7 kA = 33.8 kA for a %DC of 30%. 1.086
1= 45 ms
(standardised time constant)
70
80
90
(ms)
t : circuit breaker opening duration (Top), increased by half a period at the power frequency (r)
c The circuit breaker rating is greater than 33.8 kA. According to the IEC, the nearest standard rating is 40 kA.
c As standard the IEC defines MV equipment for a %DC of 30%, for a peak value of maximum current equal to 2.5 Isc at 50 Hz or 2.6 Isc at 60 Hz. In this case use the 1 graph.
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Schneider Electric
Switchgear definition
c For low resistive circuits such as generator incomers, %DC can be higher, with a peak value of maximum current equal to 2.7 Isc. In this case use the 4 graph. For all constants of between 1 and 4, use the equation: -(Top + Tr) % DC = 100 e 1, , 4 c Values of rated short-circuit breaking current: 6.3 - 8 - 10 - 12.5 - 16 20 - 25 - 31.5 - 40 - 50 - 100 kA.
I (A)
c Short-circuit breaking tests must meet the five following test sequences:
Sequence 1 2 3 4 5* % Isym. 10 20 60 100 100 % aperiodic component %DC 20 20 20 20 according to equation
IAC IMC
t (s)
IDC
: : : :
making current periodic component peak value (Isc peak) aperiodic component value % asymmetry or aperiodic component:
- (Top + Tr)
IDC IAC
100 = 100 e
(1, , 4)
Iasym = Isym
1 + 2( %DC )2 100
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