Physics121,Winter2013 LectureInstructor:NikolaiTolich Jan25,2013

Readingchapter51to52
FricDon StaDcFricDon KineDcFricDon DragForcesandTerminalSpeed

TheoriginoffricDonis electromagneDcaJracDon forcebetweenmolecules/ atomsofonesurfaceto theseofanotherinclose contact. ThemicroscopiccontacDng surfaceareaincreaseswhen thenormalforceincreases duetotheaJeningofthe Dps.
Polished Steel Surface

StaDcfricDonisthefricDonalforcethatprevents surfacesincontactfromsliding. ThedirecDonofthestaDcfricDonisanDparallel totheforcetryingtoslidetheobject. Whiletheobjectisnotmoving,themagnitudeof thestaDcfricDonequalsthemagnitudeofthe forcetryingtoslidetheobjectunDlitreachesthe maximumvaluegivenby

fs max = s Fn
sisthecoecientofstaDcfricDon(dimensionless). Fnisthemagnitudeofthenormalforcebyone

Fn fs FBD of the block FBM WBE

surfaceontheother.

Aboxsitsonthehorizontalbedofamovingtruck. StaDcfricDonbetweentheboxandthetruckkeeps theboxfromslidingasthetruckacceleratestothe leYasshown.Whichofthefollowingdiagramsbest describesthestaDcfricDonalforceacDngonthe box?

KineDcfricDonisthefricDonalforcethatopposes slidingmoDon. ThedirecDonofthekineDcfricDonisanDparallelto thevelocityoftheslidingobject. ThemagnitudeofthekineDcfricDonisgivenby

fk = k Fn
theother.

kisthecoecientofkineDcfricDon(dimensionless). Fnisthemagnitudeofthenormalforcebyonesurfaceon

 Ablockslidesonatablepulledbyastring

aJachedtoahangingweight.Incase1the blockslideswithoutfricDonandincase2 thereiskineDcfricDonbetweenthesliding blockandthetable.Inwhichcaseisthe tensioninthestringthebiggest?

 A0.11kghockeypuckwhoseiniDalspeed

was6.0m/sslidesontheicefor15.0m beforeitstops.

a) WhatwasthemagnitudeofthefricDonalforce

onthepuckduringthesliding? b) WhatwasthecoecientoffricDonbetweenthe puckandtheice?

ForanygivencontacDng surfaces,kislessthanor equaltos. Youhavetopushharderto getanobjecttobegin slidingthantokeepit slidingatconstantspeed.

Material Steelonsteel Brassonsteel Copperoncastiron Glassonglass TeononTeon Teononsteel Rubberonconcrete(dry) Rubberonconcrete(wet) Waxedskionsnow(0oC)

s 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.04 0.04 1.0 0.30 0.10

k 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.04 0.04 0.80 0.25 0.05

 InclinewithSlidingBlocks
DemonstraDonofvarioussurfaceswithdierent

coecientsofstaDcfricDon.

NBR

fs BR

WBE

static friction: fs BR = s N BR in x-dir: N BR cos! " WBE = 0 in y-dir: fs BR cos! " N BR sin ! = 0 s = tan !

 Inaropedanglingfromaceiling,tensionis

thegreatestattheceilingduetotheweight oftherestoftheropedanglingbelow. Ifthemassoftheropecanbeneglected,the tensionisthesamethroughouttherope.

Applying Newton's 2nd Law, T ! T " = #ms a For a rope with negligible mass, #ms = 0. T = T"

TheforceexertedbythefricDonlessmasslesspulley ontheropeisalwaysanormalforce. Anormalforcehasnocomponenttangenttothe rope,soitcannotproduceachangeinthe magnitudeoftension.

IfthepulleyaxisisnotacceleraDng,the netforceonthepulleyaxisiszero. RightPulley:

Theweight,W,ispullingthepulleyaxisdown. Twotensions(ofthesamemagnitude,W/2)

LeYPulley:

arepullingupthepulleyaxis.

Twotensions(ofthesamemagnitude,W/2)

Ifthemassmovesupbyxcmthenwe mustpulltheropedownby2xcm.

arepullingdownthepulleyaxis. Thesupportispullingupthepulleyaxiswith forceW.

Mass

Twoblocksareconnectedasshownonahorizontal tablewiththecoecientofkineDcfricDon=0.10. Therightstringispulledtotherightwithaforce T2=65.0N.m1=12.0kgandm2=24.0kg.

a) WhatistheacceleraDonofthesystem? b) Whatisthetension,T1?

T1 m1

m2

T2

Twoblocksareconnected withamasslessropeovera fricDonlessmasslesspulley. Ablockwithm1=10.0kg slidesdownaninclineat =30.0withacoecient ofkineDcfricDonk=0.20 ataconstantspeed.What isthemassoftheother block,m2?

Auidexertsadragforceonanobjectmoving throughitthatopposesthemoDon. Thefasteranobjectmovesinauid,thegreater themagnitudeofthedragforceacDngonit. Thedragforcedependsontheshapeofthe movingobjectandtheviscosityoftheuid. Withoutairdrag,afallingobjectkeeps acceleraDngunDlithitstheground. Withairdrag,afallingobjectsreachesaterminal speedwhenthegravitaDonalforceequalsthe dragforce,resulDnginnomoreacceleraDon.

FD

 Terminalvelocityinoil