SOME WEAKER FORMS OF FUZZY

α-CONTINUOUS MAPPINGS
Hakeem A. Othman? and S. Latha??

Abstract

In this paper, the notions of fuzzy almost α-continuity and fuzzy

weakly α-continuity are introduced. Certain fundamental properties and
some new results related to these notions are obtained.

Keywords: fuzzy topology; fuzzy α-open set; fuzzy α-continuous mapping;

fuzzy almost continuous mapping; fuzzy weakly continuous mapping; fuzzy al-
most α-continuous mapping; fuzzy weakly α-continuous mapping.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 54A40.

1 INTRODUCTION
In [[6], [2]], Singal, Rajvanshi and Bin Shahna have introduced the
concept of fuzzy α-open sets. In [1], Azad introduced the concept of fuzzy almost
continuity and weakly continuity. Noiri defined almost α-continuity and weakly
α-continuity in a topological space. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the
notions of fuzzy almost α-continuous mapping and fuzzy weakly α-continuous
mapping and to investigate some properties of these notions.

2 PRELIMINARIES
Throughout this paper by (X, τ ) or simply by X we mean a fuzzy
topological space ( f ts, shortly) and f : X → Y means a mapping from a fuzzy

1
 2

topological space X to a fuzzy topological space Y . If A is a fuzzy set and p is a

fuzzy singleton in X, then N (p), IntA, clA, Ac , Intα A, clα A and τ α , will denote
respectively, the neighbourhood system of p, the interior of A, the closure of A,
complement of A, the fuzzy α-interior of a fuzzy set A, the fuzzy α-closure of a
fuzzy set A and the family of all fuzzy α-open sets of (X, τ ).
Now, we mention the following definitions and results which are used in this
paper concerning fuzzy topology.

Definition 2.1 [4] A fuzzy singleton p in X is a fuzzy set defined by:

p(x) = t, for x = x0 and p(x) = 0 otherwise, where 0 < t ≤ 1. The point p is
said to have support x0 and value t.

Definition 2.2 A fuzzy set A in a f ts X is called:

• Fuzzy feebly open set [5] if there is a fuzzy open set U such that U ≤ A ≤
sclU where scl A is fuzzy semi closure A, is defined by the intersection of
all fuzzy semiclosed sets containing A.

• Fuzzy α-open set [[2], [6]] if A ≤ Int cl Int A. The family of all fuzzy
α-open sets of X is denoted by F αO(X).

• Fuzzy regular open set [1] if A = Int cl A.

Definition 2.3 For a mapping f : X → Y from a f ts X into a fts Y is said to

be:

• Fuzzy continuous [3] if f −1 (B) is fuzzy open ( fuzzy closed ) set in X for
each fuzzy open ( fuzzy closed ) set B in Y.

• Fuzzy α-continuous [6] if f −1 (B) is fuzzy α-open ( fuzzy α-closed ) set in

X for each fuzzy open ( fuzzy closed ) set B in Y.

• Fuzzy almost continuous [1] if f −1 (B) is fuzzy open set in X for each fuzzy
regular open set B in Y.

• Fuzzy weakly continuous [1] if for each fuzzy open set B of Y, f −1 (B) ≤
Intf −1 (cl B).
 3

3 MAIN RESULTS
In this section, we introduce the definitions and equivalent forms of
fuzzy almost α-continuous mapping and fuzzy weakly α-continuous mapping,
the fundamental properties and some characterizations of these notions.

Definition 3.1 For a mapping f : X → Y from a f ts X into a f ts Y is said

to be:

• Fuzzy almost α-continuous if f −1 (B) is fuzzy α-open set in X for each

fuzzy regular open set B in Y.

• Fuzzy weakly α-continuous if for each x ∈ X and each V ∈ σ containing

f (x), there exists U ∈ τ α such that f (U ) ≤ cl(U ).

• Fuzzy feebly continuous if f −1 (B) is fuzzy feebly open (fuzzy feebly closed)
set in X for each fuzzy open (fuzzy closed) set B in Y.

• Fuzzy almost feebly continuous if f −1 (B) is fuzzy feebly open set in X for
each fuzzy regular open set B in Y.

Theorem 3.2 [5] Let A fuzzy subset of a f ts(X), then A is feebly open set iff
A ∈ F τ α (X).

By using the above Theorem, we can easily prove the following Theorems.

Theorem 3.3 A mapping f : X → Y from a f ts X into a f ts Y is said

to be fuzzy almost α-continuous ( resp. fuzzy weakly α-continuous, fuzzy α-
continuous) iff fuzzy almost feebly continuous ( resp. fuzzy weakly α-continuous,
fuzzy feebly continuous).

Theorem 3.4 For a mapping f : X → Y where X and Y are f ts0 s, the

following statements are equivalent:
(i) f is a fuzzy almost α-continuous;
(ii) For every p ∈ X and every V ∈ N ((p)), there exists a fuzzy α-open set
U such that p ∈ U and f (U ) ≤ Intcl(V );
(iii) The inverse image of every fuzzy regular closed sets in Y is a fuzzy α-
open in X.
 4

Theorem 3.5 For a mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ), the following statements are
equivalent:
(i) f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ) is a fuzzy almost α-continuous;
(ii) f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σs ) is a fuzzy α-continuous;
(iii) f : (X, τ α ) → (Y, σ) is a fuzzy almost continuous;
(iv) f : (X, τ α ) → (Y, σs ) is a fuzzy continuous.
Where τ α and σs denote the family of all fuzzy α-open sets of (X, τ ) and family
of all regular open sets of (Y, σ) respectively.

Theorem 3.6 For a mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ), the following statements are
equivalent:
(i) f is a fuzzy weakly α-continuous;
(ii) f : (X, τ α ) → (Y, σ) is a fuzzy weakly continuous;
(ii) f −1 (V ) ≤ Intα (f −1 (clσ (V ))), for every v ⊆ σ.

Proof. It follows from Definition (3.1), that (i) and (ii) are equivalent.
(i) ⇒ (iii). Let x ∈ f −1 (V ). Then, V is fuzzy open neighbourhood of f (x),
then there exists a fuzzy α-neighbourhood U of X such that f (U ) ≤ clσ (U ).
Thus, x ∈ U ≤ f −1 (clσ (V )). This means that f −1 (V ) ≤ Intα (f −1 (clσ (V ))).
(iii) ⇒ (i). Let x ∈ X and V be a fuzzy open set containing f (x), we have
x ∈ f −1 (V ) ≤ Intα (f −1 (clσ (V ))) ∈ τ α . Put U = Intα (f −1 (clσ (V )). Then, we
obtain x ∈ U ≤ τ α and f (u) ≤ cl(V ).

Theorem 3.7 A mapping f : X → Y is a fuzzy almost α-continuous iff

f −1 (λ) ≤ Intα (f −1 (Int cl(λ))), for every fuzzy open set λ of Y .

Proof. Since λ is a fuzzy open set of Y , λ ≤ Int cl(λ) ⇒ cl(λ) ≤ cl Int cl(λ).
We now that cl Int cl(λ) ≤ cl(λ). Then cl(λ) is a fuzzy regular closed set,
hence Intcl(λ) is a fuzzy regular open set. But f −1 (λ) ≤ f −1 (Int cl(λ)) and
f −1 (Int cl(λ)) is a fuzzy α-open set of X. Thus f −1 (λ) ≤ Intα (f −1 (Int cl(λ))).
Conversely, let λ be a fuzzy regular open set of Y , then we have f −1 (λ) ≤
Intα (f −1 (Int cl(λ))) = Intα (f −1 (λ). Thus f −1 (λ) = Intα (f −1 (λ). Shows
that f −1 (λ) is a fuzzy α-open set of X.
 5

Corollary 3.8 A mapping f : X → Y is a fuzzy almost α-continuous iff

f −1 (Int cl(λ)) is a fuzzy α-open set for each fuzzy open set λ of Y .

Proof. This is obvious.

Proposition 3.9 For any fuzzy set λ in a f tsX the following properties hold :
(i) Intα (λ) ≤ λ ∧ Int cl Int (λ).
(ii) clα (λ) ≥ λ ∨ cl Int cl (λ).

Proof.
(i) Since Intα (λ) is a fuzzy α - open set, we have Intα (λ) ≤
Int cl Int (Intα (λ)) ⇒ Intα (λ) ≤ nt cl Int (λ) and hence Intα (λ) ≤
λ ∧ Int cl Int (λ).
(ii) By using the same technique, we can easy prove it.

Corollary 3.10 A mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ) is a fuzzy weakly α -continuous

(resp. fuzzy almost α -continuous), then f −1 (V ) ≤ Int cl Int (f −1 (cl(V ))) (resp.
f −1 (V ) ≤ Int cl Int (f −1 (Intcl(V ))), for every v ⊆ σ.

Theorem 3.11 Let X1 , X2 , Y1 and Y2 be fuzzy spaces such that Y1 is product

related to Y2 . Then, the product f1 × f2 : X1 × X2 → Y1 × Y2 of fuzzy almost
α -continuous (resp. fuzzy weakly α -continuous) mapping f1 : X1 → Y1 and
f2 : X2 → Y2 is fuzzy almost α -continuous (resp. fuzzy weakly α -continuous)
mapping.

Proof. We prove only if it is fuzzy almost α -continuous mapping. For the other
case, it is same.
Let v ≡ ∪(vα × uβ ), where vα0 s and u0β s are fuzzy α-open sets of Y1 and Y2
 6

respectively, be a fuzzy α-open set of Y1 × Y2 . We have

(f1 × f2 )−1 (v) = ∪ [f1−1 (vα ) × f2−1 (uβ )].

≤ ∪ [Intα f1−1 (Int cl (vα )) × Intα f2−1 (Int cl (uβ ))].
≤ ∪ [Intα (f1−1 (Int cl (vα )) × f2−1 (Int cl (uβ )))].
≤ Intα [ ∪ (f1 × f2 )−1 (Int cl (vα ) × Int cl (uβ ))].
= Intα [ ∪ (f1 × f2 )−1 (Int cl (vα × uβ )].
≤ Intα [ (f1 × f2 )−1 (Int cl ( ∪ (vα × uβ ))].
= Intα (f1 × f2 )−1 (Int cl v).

Thus by Theorem (3.7) (f1 × f2 ) is a fuzzy almost α-continuous mapping.

Theorem 3.12 If f : X → Y is a fuzzy almost α-continuous injective mapping

and Y is a fuzzy almost -T2 then, X is a fuzzy Housdorff space.

Proof. Since f is injective, we have f (xp ) 6= f (xq ) for distinct fuzzy points xp
and xq in X. Since Y is a fuzzy almost -T2 , there exist fuzzy regular open sets
U and V in Y containing f (xp ) and f (xq ) respectively such that U ∩ V = 0.
Since f is a fuzzy almost α-continuous mapping. We have xp ∈ f −1 (U ) ≤
Int cl Int f −1 (U ), xq ∈ f −1 (V ) ≤ Int cl Int f −1 (V ) and Int cl Int f −1 (U ) ∧
Int cl Int f −1 (V ) = 0.
It is clear that X is a fuzzy Housdorff space.

Definition 3.13 [4] Let (X, τ ) be a fuzzy topological space. If for any distinct
fuzzy point p, r in X such that p(xp ) < 1, r(xr ) < 1, there exist fuzzy open sets
U and V such that p(xp ) < U (xp ), r(xr ) < V (xr ) and clU ∩ clV = Φ. Then, we
say that X is a fuzzy Urysohn space.

By using the Definition of fuzzy Urysohn space and Corollary (3. 10), we can
easily prove the following Theorem.

Theorem 3.14 If f : (X, τ ) → (Y, σ) is a fuzzy weakly α-continuous and one-

to-one and (Y, σ) is a fuzzy Urysohn space, then (X, τ ) is a fuzzy Housdorff
space.
 7

Definition 3.15 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be fuzzy α- compact

(resp. fuzzy nearly compact) if every fuzzy α-open (resp. regular open) covering
of X has finite subcover.

Theorem 3.16 If f : X → Y is a fuzzy almost α -continuous surjective

mapping and X is a fuzzy α- compact, then Y is a fuzzy nearly compact space.

Proof. Let {Uj : j ∈ V } be the fuzzy regular open cover of Y . Since f is fuzzy
almost α -continuous surjective mapping {f −1 (Uj ) : j ∈ V } is fuzzy α-open sets
in X. Since X is fuzzy α- compact then there exists a finite subset V0 of V such
that X ⊂ {∪j f −1 (Uj ) : j ∈ V0 }. Then Y = f (X) ⊂ {Uj : j ∈ V0 }. That means
Y is fuzzy nearly compact.

Definition 3.17 A fuzzy set A in an f ts X is said to be fuzzy connected if A

cannot be expressed as the union of two fuzzy separated sets.

Theorem 3.18 If f : X → Y is a fuzzy almost α-continuous mapping and X

is a fuzzy connected, then Y is fuzzy connected.

Proof. Suppose that Y is not connected then there are non-empty fuzzy open
sets v1 and v2 such that v1 ∧ v2 = 0 and v1 ∨ v2 = Y . Then v1 and v2 are fuzzy
clopen sets and hence fuzzy regular open sets in Y . Since f is a fuzzy almost
α-continuous mapping, f −1 (v1 ) and f −1 (v2 ) are fuzzy α-open sets in X. Now
we put ui = Int cl Intf −1 (vi ), i = 1, 2. Then we have, 0 6= f −1 (v1 ) ⊂ u1 ,
0 6= f −1 (v2 ) ⊂ u2 , u1 ∧ u2 = 0 and u1 ∪ u2 = X. That means X is not connected,
which is a contradiction!!
Hence Y is connected.
Now, we can generalize the definition of fuzzy connected to define fuzzy
almost connected and fuzzy α-connected as follows:

Definition 3.19 A fuzzy set v in a f ts (X, τ ) is said to be fuzzy almost con-

nected (resp. fuzzy α-connected) iff v cannot be expressed as the Union of two
fuzzy regular separated (resp. fuzzy α-separated) sets.
 8

Theorem 3.20 Let f : X → Y be a fuzzy almost α-continuous surjective

mapping. If v is a fuzzy α-connected subset in X then, f (v) is fuzzy regular
connected in Y .
Proof. suppose that f (v) is not regular connected in Y . Then there exists fuzzy
regular separated subsets λ and µ in Y such that f (v) = λ ∪ µ.
Since f is fuzzy almost α-continuous surjective mapping, f −1 (λ) and f −1 (µ) are
fuzzy α-open set in X and v = f −1 (f (v)) = f −1 (λ ∪ µ) = f −1 (λ) ∪ f −1 (µ).
It is clear that f −1 (λ) and f −1 (µ) are fuzzy α- separated in X. Therefore v is
not fuzzy α-connected in X, which is a contradiction!!
Hence Y is regular connected.
Lemma 3.21 [1] Let g : X → X × Y be the graph of a mapping f : X → Y .
Then, if λ is a fuzzy set of X and µ is a fuzzy set of Y , g −1 (λ × µ) = λ ∧ f −1 (µ).
By using Lemma (3. 21), we have the following theorem.
Theorem 3.22 Let f : X → Y be a fuzzy mapping, where X is product related
to Y , and let g : X → X × Y given by g(x) = (x, f (x)) be its graph mapping.
Then f is a fuzzy almost α -continuous if g is a fuzzy almost α -continuous.
Proof. Suppose that g is a fuzzy almost α-continuous mapping and v is a fuzzy
regular open set in Y .
Then f −1 (v) = 1 ∧ f −1 (v) = g −1 (1 × v) ≤ Int cl Int g −1 (1 × v) =
Int cl Int f −1 (v). Hence f is a fuzzy almost α -continuous.
Remark 3.23 The converse of Theorem (3. 22) is not true in general:
The following Example shows this.
Example 3.24 Let X = {a, b, c} and v1 , v2 andv3 be fuzzy sets of X defined as:
v1 (a) = 0.3 v1 (b) = 0.2 v1 (c) = 0.7
v2 (a) = 0.8 v2 (b) = 0.9 v2 (c) = 0.4
v3 (a) = 0.8 v3 (b) = 0.9 v3 (c) = 0.5
Let τ = {ox , v1 , v2 , v1 ∨ v2 , v1 ∧ v2 , 1x } and we defined τ1 = {ox , v3 , 1x }. The
identity mapping f : (X, τ ) → (Y, τ1 ) is a fuzzy almost α-continuous.
From g −1 (v1 × v3 ) = v1 ∧ f −1 (v3 ) = v1 ∧ v3 follows that the graph g is not fuzzy
almost α-continuous.
 9

References
[1] K. K. Azad, ”On fuzzy semi continuity, fuzzy almost continuity and weakly
continuity”, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 82 (1981), pp.14-32.

[2] A. S. Bin Shahna, ”On fuzzy strongly semi continuity and fuzzy preconti-
nuity”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 44 (1991), pp.330-308.

[3] C. L. Chang, ”Fuzzy topological space”, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 24 (1968),

pp.182 -190.

[4] M. H. Ghanim, E. E. Kerre, and A. S. Mashhour, ” Separation axioms,

Subspace and Sums in Fuzzy Topology ”, J. Math. Anal Appl, 102(1984),
pp. 189-202.

[5] Hakeem A. Othman and S. Latha, ”On fuzzy semi α-open sets and fuzzy
semi α-continuous mappings ”, Journal of Studies and Scientific Researches,
9(2008), pp. 169-186

[6] M. K. Signal, and Niti Rajvansi, ”Fuzzy alpha-sets and alpha-continuous

maps”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 48(1992), pp. 383-390.

ADDRESSES
? Department of Studies in Mathematics,University of Mysore, Manasagan-
gotri, Mysore-5700 06, Karnataka , INDIA.
E-mail : hakim albdoie@yahoo.com .
?? Professor and Head Department of Mathematics, Yuvaraja’s College, Uni-
versity of Mysore, Mysore - 5700 06,Karnataka INDIA.
E-mail : drlatha@gmail.com