Evolution Series Long Haul Technical Description A

EVOLUTION SERIES
Evolution Series Long Haul
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Microwave Radio System
4-11 GHz
SDH / SONET & Ethernet
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The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nera's customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the documentation is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nera. The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement made between Nera and the customer. However, Nera has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the documentation are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nera will, if necessary, explain issues that may not be covered by the documentation. Nera's liability for any errors in the documentation is limited to the documentary correction of errors. NERA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this documentation or the information in it. This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyright according to the applicable laws. NERA logo is a registered trademark of Eltek ASA. Other product names mentioned in this documentation may be trademarks of their respective companies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only. Copyright Nera Networks AS 2010. All rights reserved.
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Document history Revision Rev A Date 08 Jan 2010 Summary of changes First Release. Technical Description for Evolution Series Long Haul published as a separate document
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Contents
1. 1.1 2.
Page
INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION SERIES ....................................................................................................9 TECHNOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE ...........................................................................................................10 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION EVLOUTION SERIES LONG HAUL ...............................................................11 2.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................11 2.2 SOFTWARE OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................................12 2.3 SPACE DIVERSITY ......................................................................................................................................13 2.3.1 Combining principles and performance ...........................................................................................13 2.4 MODES OF OPERATION ..............................................................................................................................14 2.5 USER INTERFACES .....................................................................................................................................15 2.5.1 64 kb/s auxiliary channels and EOW ...............................................................................................15 2.5.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel .............................................................................................................15 2.5.3 External Alarm and Controls .............................................................................................................15 2.6 BRANCHING SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................16 2.7 XPAND LONG HAUL TERMINAL ................................................................................................................17 2.8 USER INTERFACES .....................................................................................................................................17
3.
SDH/SONET FEATURES AND DXC FUNCTIONALITY ..........................................................................18 3.1 SECTION TERMINATION..............................................................................................................................18 3.2 SCRAMBLING / DESCRAMBLING FUNCTIONS ..............................................................................................18 3.3 SECTION/TRANSPORT OVERHEAD (SOH/TOH).......................................................................................18 3.4 SOH/TOH FRAMEWORD AND BYTES ........................................................................................................18 3.5 MAPPING AND MULTIPLEXING DXC UNIT & DXC FRAME .........................................................................19 3.6 MAPPING AND MULTIPLEXING STM-4/OC-12 ...........................................................................................20 3.7 CROSS-CONNECT SUPPORT ......................................................................................................................20 3.7.1 Sub Network Connection Protection ................................................................................................20 3.8 SYNCHRONISATION ....................................................................................................................................21 3.8.1 Synchronisation status messaging...................................................................................................21
4.
ETHERNET FEATURES ................................................................................................................................22 4.1 ETHERNET OVER SDH/SONET MAPPING................................................................................................22 4.1.1 VCAT and LCAS support ...................................................................................................................22 4.2 ETHERNET SERVICES .................................................................................................................................23 4.2.1 Switch mode - E-Line with VLAN/MAC switching ..........................................................................23 4.2.2 Port to Port Mode ................................................................................................................................24 4.2.3 Multiple E-Line .....................................................................................................................................25 4.3 QOS FEATURES. ........................................................................................................................................26 4.3.1 QoS priority scheme ...........................................................................................................................26 4.3.2 QoS scheduling mode ........................................................................................................................26 4.4 INGRESS RATE LIMITING .............................................................................................................................26 4.5 FRAME DELAY ETHERNET INTERFACES ..................................................................................................26 4.6 MAC LEARNING .........................................................................................................................................27 4.7 MAXIMUM PACKET SIZE .............................................................................................................................27 4.8 ETHERNET STATISTICS ..............................................................................................................................27 4.9 TYPICAL ETHERNET THROUGHPUT ...........................................................................................................27 4.10 LINK-LOSS FAILURE PASS THROUGH ON THE ETHERNET PORT................................................................27
5.
TERMINAL CONFIGURATIONS ..................................................................................................................28 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 GENERAL....................................................................................................................................................28 TERMINAL CONFIGURATIONS .....................................................................................................................29 REPEATER TERMINALS ..............................................................................................................................30 TERMINALS WITH DXC ..............................................................................................................................31 TERMINAL WITH GIGABIT ETHERNET .........................................................................................................33 TERMINAL WITH STM-4 INTERFACE ..........................................................................................................33
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6.
UNIT DESCRIPTIONS ....................................................................................................................................34 6.1 TRANSCEIVER (XCVR)..............................................................................................................................34 6.2 UNIVERSAL INTERFACE UNIT (IFU) ...........................................................................................................35 6.3 SUPERVISORY UNIT ...................................................................................................................................36 6.4 RADIO INTERFACE UNIT RIU ..................................................................................................................36 6.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT ................................................................................................................................36 6.6 LINE INTERFACE UNIT LIU......................................................................................................................36 6.6.1 STM-1/OC-3 Line Interface Units .....................................................................................................36 6.6.2 E1/T1 Interface Units .........................................................................................................................36 6.6.3 3xE3/DS3 Interface Unit ....................................................................................................................36 6.6.4 STM-4/OC-12 Line Interface Units ...................................................................................................36 6.6.5 Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit .........................................................................................................37 6.7 DIGITAL X-CONNECT UNIT ........................................................................................................................37 6.8 DIGITAL X-CONNECT FRAME .....................................................................................................................37 6.9 WAYSIDE UNIT ...........................................................................................................................................37 6.10 EOW UNIT (SERVICE CHANNEL) ...............................................................................................................37 6.11 64 KB/S SERIAL CHANNEL UNIT ................................................................................................................38 6.12 ALARM AND CONTROL UNIT ......................................................................................................................38 6.13 FAN UNIT ...................................................................................................................................................38 6.14 POWER SUPPLY AND SYNC UNIT ..............................................................................................................38 6.15 24 V POWER INTERFACE ADAPTER ..........................................................................................................38 6.16 LEDS .........................................................................................................................................................38
7.
GENERAL EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTRICS ......................................................................................39 7.1 BANDWIDTH, MODULATION AND RADIO FRAME ..........................................................................................39 7.2 EQUIPMENT REFERENCE POINTS..............................................................................................................39 7.3 FREQUENCY BANDS ...................................................................................................................................40 7.4 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS ............................................................................................41 7.5 ETSI EQUIPMENT CLASS ..........................................................................................................................41 7.6 EQUIPMENT BACKGROUND BER (RESIDUAL BER) ..................................................................................41 7.7 ERROR CORRECTION ................................................................................................................................41 7.8 SYSTEM DELAY ..........................................................................................................................................41 7.9 SYSTEM LOOP BACK POSSIBILITIES ...........................................................................................................42 7.10 ENVIRONMENTAL .......................................................................................................................................43 7.10.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility Conditions (EMC)......................................................................43 7.10.2 Safety conditions ............................................................................................................................43 7.10.3 RoHS and WEEE compliance ......................................................................................................43 7.10.4 Environmental conditions ..............................................................................................................43 7.11 MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS ..............................................................................................................44 7.11.1 Installation .......................................................................................................................................44 7.12 DIMENSIONS...............................................................................................................................................44 7.13 WEIGHTS ....................................................................................................................................................44 7.14 POWER SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION .........................................................................................................45 7.14.1 Over voltage protection .................................................................................................................45 7.14.2 24 Volt DC Adapter ........................................................................................................................45 7.14.3 Power Consumption .......................................................................................................................45 7.15 SYSTEM RELIABILITY .................................................................................................................................46
8.
RADIO CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................................47 8.1 TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................47 8.1.1 Nominal Output Power .......................................................................................................................47 8.1.2 Automatic/Manual Power Control (ATPC/MTPC) ..........................................................................47 8.1.3 TX oscillator frequency tolerance .....................................................................................................47 8.2 RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................................................48 8.2.1 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mbit/s@28 MHz- ACAP.....................................................................48 8.2.2 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mbit/s@28 MHz-ACCP .....................................................................48 8.2.3 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mbit/s@40 MHz ACCP & ACAP .........................................................48
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8.2.4 Maximum input level ...........................................................................................................................49 8.2.5 RX oscillator frequency tolerance.....................................................................................................49 8.2.6 Noise Figure ........................................................................................................................................49 8.3 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................................................50 8.3.1 System Gain Long Haul System.......................................................................................................50 8.3.2 System Signature................................................................................................................................50 8.3.3 Interference sensitivity .......................................................................................................................50 8.3.4 Receiver image rejection ...................................................................................................................51 8.3.5 Spurious emissions ............................................................................................................................51 9. BRANCHING AND WAVEGUIDE INTERFACE ........................................................................................52 9.1 TERMINAL WAVEGUIDE INTERFACE ............................................................................................................52 9.2 BRANCHING LOSS ......................................................................................................................................52 9.2.1 RF filter loss .........................................................................................................................................53 9.2.2 Branching circulator loss B-B ...........................................................................................................53 9.3 RF-INPUT RETURN LOSS ............................................................................................................................53 10. 10.1 10.2 11. IFU-XCVR INTERFACE FOR SPLIT MOUNT .......................................................................................54 CABLE INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................................................54 CABLE CHARACTERISTICS .........................................................................................................................54 RADIO PROTECTION SWITCHING (RPS) ............................................................................................55
11.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................................................................55 11.2 N+1 RADIO PROTECTION SWITCHING ........................................................................................................55 11.2.1 Low Priority Traffic - LPT ...............................................................................................................55 11.3 HSB AND 1+1 PROTECTION SWITCHING ...................................................................................................56 11.4 ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATION AND SWITCHING TIME ....................................................................................56 11.5 SWITCHING CRITERIA .................................................................................................................................56 11.5.1 Quality criteria .................................................................................................................................56 11.5.2 Continuity criteria ............................................................................................................................56 12. PHYSICAL INTERFACES .........................................................................................................................57 12.1 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S ELECTRICAL ..........................................................................57 12.2 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S OPTICAL - INTERMEDIATE REACH.........................................57 12.3 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S OPTICAL - LONG REACH 1300NM ........................................57 12.4 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S OPTICAL - LONG REACH 1500NM ........................................57 12.5 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155 MBIT/S OPTICAL MULTI MODE .......................................................58 12.6 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 622 MBIT/S OPTICAL - INTERMEDIATE REACH.........................................58 12.7 JITTER AND WANDER STM-N/OC-N TRAFFIC INTERFACES .....................................................................58 12.8 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 1.5 MBIT/S................................................................................................58 12.9 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 2 MBIT/S ...................................................................................................58 12.10 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 34 MBIT/S ............................................................................................59 12.11 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 45 MBIT/S ............................................................................................59 12.12 2.048 MHZ SYNCHRONISATION INPUT/OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS .....................................................59 12.13 ETHERNET INTERFACES ........................................................................................................................60 12.13.1 10/100 BASE-TX ............................................................................................................................60 12.13.2 1000 BASE-T ..................................................................................................................................60 12.13.3 1000 BASE-LX ................................................................................................................................60 12.13.4 1000 BASE-SX ...............................................................................................................................60 12.14 AUXILIARY INTERFACES .........................................................................................................................61 12.14.1 64 kb/s channel characteristics ....................................................................................................61 12.14.2 Service telephone/Orderwire interfaces ......................................................................................61 12.14.3 Alarm and Control Interfaces ........................................................................................................62 13. 13.1 13.2 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................63 GENERAL....................................................................................................................................................63 EVENT LOGGING.........................................................................................................................................63
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13.3 MONITORING OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................64 13.3.1 System performance calculations ................................................................................................64 13.3.2 Performance record logging .........................................................................................................64 13.4 SECURITY MANAGEMENT ...........................................................................................................................64 13.4.1 Security event logging ...................................................................................................................64 13.5 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM COMMUNICATION..................................................................................................65 13.5.1 Management LAN interface ..........................................................................................................65 13.6 IP ROUTING ................................................................................................................................................65 13.6.1 Data Communication Channel DCC ............................................................................................66 13.6.2 64 kb/s point to point channels .....................................................................................................66 13.6.3 DCN network ...................................................................................................................................66 13.7 EMBEDDED SNMP AGENT.........................................................................................................................67 13.7.1 Standard MIBs Supported .............................................................................................................67 13.8 SSL ............................................................................................................................................................67 14. 15. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................68 TERMINOLOGY ..........................................................................................................................................70
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List of figures
Page
Figure 2-1 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 10+0 ........................................................................11 Figure 2-2 Long Haul Split Mount outdoor part, 3+1/4+0 ..................................................................12 Figure 2-3 2+0 Space Diversity Terminal .............................................................................................13 Figure 2-4 Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) mode .................................................14 Figure 2-5 Adjacent Channel Alternate Co-Polarization (ACCP) mode ...........................................14 Figure 2-6 Co-Channel Dual Polarized (CCDP) mode .......................................................................14 Figure 2-7 Co-channel operation with XPIC .........................................................................................14 Figure 2-8 Branching Diagrams 1+1/2+0 and 3+1/4+0 Dual Polarized ..........................................16 Figure 2-9 Branching diagrams 7+1/8+0 and 3+1 Space Diversity .................................................16 Figure 2-10 Scalable frame ...................................................................................................................17 Figure 3-1 SDH Mapping and Multiplexing..........................................................................................19 Figure 3-2 SONET Mapping and Multiplexing ....................................................................................19 Figure 3-3 SDH and SONET STM-4/OC-12 Mapping .......................................................................20 Figure 3-4 DXC Unit Figure 3-5 DXC Frame ..............................................................................20 Figure 4-1 600 Mbit/s Ethernet Link ......................................................................................................22 Figure 4-2 VLAN aware switch ..............................................................................................................23 Figure 4-3 Port to port mode..................................................................................................................24 Figure 4-4 Port to Link Mapping - Multiple E-Line ..............................................................................25 Figure 5-1 Evolution Series Long Haul block diagram .......................................................................28 Figure 5-2 Two IFU ..................................................................................................................................28 Figure 5-3 Four IFU Figure 5-4 Four IFU and DXC ......................................................................28 Figure 5-5 Block Diagram 7+1 Terminal ...............................................................................................29 Figure 5-6 Block Diagram 4+0 Repeater ..............................................................................................30 Figure 5-7 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mbit/s ................................................................31 Figure 5-8 IFU block diagram n+1 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mbit/s ...........................................31 Figure 5-9 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 3x155 Mbit/s ................................................................32 Figure 5-10 IFU block diagram n+1 Terminal with DXC 3x155 Mbit/s.........................................32 Figure 5-11 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 4x155 Mbit/s .............................................................32 Figure 5-12 4+0 Terminal with Gigabit Ethernet Interface ................................................................33 Figure 5-13 4+1 Terminal with STM-4/OC-12 .....................................................................................33 Figure 6-1 XCVR .....................................................................................................................................34 Figure 6-2 IFU, 1+0 system ...................................................................................................................35 Figure 6-3 Slot Matrix Universal IFU .....................................................................................................35 Figure 7-1 Principle block diagram for a radio system with RF Branching.....................................39 Figure 7-2 System loop backs ...............................................................................................................42 Figure 11-1 n+1 Radio Protection system ...........................................................................................55 Figure 13-1 IP Router Overview .............................................................................................................65 Figure 13-2 Data Communication Network ..........................................................................................66
List of tables
Page
Table 3-1 Utilisation of SOH bytes .........................................................................................................18 Table 3-2 Synchronisation quality levels ..............................................................................................21 Table 4-1 Ethernet Packet frame delay VC-4 mapping...................................................................26 Table 4-2 Ethernet Throughput ..............................................................................................................27 Table 7-1 Frequency bands ETSI ..........................................................................................................40 Table 7-2 Frequency bands ANSI..........................................................................................................41 Table 7-3 Power consumption terminal ................................................................................................45 Table 7-4 Maximum power consumption units ....................................................................................45 Table 7-5 MTBF Figures .........................................................................................................................46 Table 8-1 Nominal output power Long Haul System, 155 Mbit/s ......................................................47 Table 8-2 Receiver threshold, 155 Mbit/s .............................................................................................48 Table 8-3 Receiver threshold, 155 Mbit/s .............................................................................................48
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Table 8-4 Receiver threshold, 155 Mbit/s ............................................................................................ 48 Table 8-5 Maximum input signal level .................................................................................................. 49 Table 8-6 System gain high power........................................................................................................ 50 Table 8-7 System signature ................................................................................................................... 50 Table 8-8 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity ................................................................................... 50 Table 8-9 Adjacent Interference Sensitivity ......................................................................................... 51 Table 9-1 Long Haul Branching flanges and waveguide .................................................................. 52 Table 9-2 Total filter and branching loss .............................................................................................. 52 Table 9-3 HSB Splitter loss .................................................................................................................... 52 Table 9-4 RF Filter loss ........................................................................................................................... 53 Table 9-4 Branching circulator loss ....................................................................................................... 53 Table 10-1 Recommended Cable lengths, IFU-XCVR cable ............................................................ 54
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Scope
Section 1 of this document gives an overview of Nera Evolution Series family of PTP microwave radios. Section 2 and onwards covers the Evolution Series Long Haul system description and specifications.
1. INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION SERIES

The Nera Evolution Series covers products for all type of professional wireless carrier systems. Neras microwave experience dates back more than 60 years, with a leading position in this field. The Nera Evolution Series microwave radio dramatically changes the operations for wireless transmission network owners. With common platform architecture, transmission capacity, system configurations and transmission protocols can be changed to adapt to future needs. Evolution Series is designed with focus on high MTBF to achieve low cost of ownership. Fullband XCVRs leads to requirement for very few spare parts and simplified logistics. Evolution Series ensures maximum uptime and low maintenance. The Evolution Series microwave radio family is designed to transmit data rates from about 6 Mb/s to 1.6 Gbit/s, in frequency bands from 4 GHz to 40 GHz. The configuration of capacity and modulation is configurable, giving an optimal balance between system gain and spectral efficiency. The units in the system are very flexible allowing a wide range of capacities and features to be enabled by software. Network operators can easily future proof the network as the microwave radio can easily adapt to the evolution of the transmission network. Growing traffic and the convergence of network technologies causes changing requirements, such as capacity upgrades, change of transmission systems between PDH, SDH/SONET and pure Ethernet; all this is simply implemented by software configuration change and change of interface modules. The available interfaces range from E1, T1, E3, DS3 STM-1/OC-3, and STM-4/OC12 to 10/100BASE-TX and Gigabit Ethernet. The Evolution Series radios are integrated in Neras EM/NMS system, NetMaster. Integration of Fault and Performance management into 3rd party SNMP Managers are possible using the Evolution SNMP MIBs provided by Nera.
Evolution Series Main Features and Benefits:

9 Licensed frequency bands from 4 to 40 GHz, ETSI and ANSI 9 Indoor and outdoor configurations from non-protected to 7+1 or 10+0 9 Channel bandwidths from 5 to 56 MHz 9 Throughput from 6Mb/s in 5MHz to 350Mb/s in 56MHz 9 One Transceiver covers one complete frequency band (very few spares needed) 9 Low power consumption 9 Embedded advanced Ethernet switching features 9 Native Ethernet 9 Ethernet over SDH/SONET
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1.1 Technology and Architecture

The Evolution Series microwave radio utilizes the state-of-the-art technology to achieve low power consumption and high reliability. A high degree of RF circuit integration is achieved using Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits (MMICs). This, combined with a direct at RF modulation architecture, enables a broadband and compact XCVR design. Furthermore, patented power amplifier technology delivers low power consumption which further enhances reliability. The modem contains multidimensional coded modulation, combined with a powerful block code. The resulting two-stage error correction improves system margin over traditional single FEC systems such as QAM, TCM or MLCM. The modem is extremely flexible, enabling an optimum configuration for all capacities and channel plans. The XVCR can be used for all transmission capacities and covers the whole band, both high and low part. The same XCVR is used in both Split Mount Access Systems and Long Haul Systems. For Long Haul Combiner Space Diversity XCVR is also available. Split Mount Access Systems are using an ODU Unit which consists of the XVCR and a Diplexer Unit. Most frequency bands can be covered by four ODU variants for the whole band. The frequency setting is easy and is performed locally or remotely by the LCT function. The ODU can for most frequency bands be mounted directly on the antenna, both in unprotected and protected configurations. The ODU can also be mounted on the antenna pole, using a short flexible waveguide to the antenna. The various InterFace Units (IFUs) are extremely compact, catering for cost efficient solutions to both TDM and Ethernet traffic needs. The IFUs contains the user interfaces, baseband processing and multiplexing, management and radio interfaces. The demodulator contains an integrated digital interference canceller, which can be used to provide the XPIC function, enabling two carriers to be transmitted over the same frequency, using dual polarised antennas. The optional embedded ADM/DXC function provides multiplexing for user traffic into the STM-1/OC-3 signal. In traffic node systems, the digital cross connect (DXC) routes the user traffic between the various link directions without the need for cabling or external multiplexers. Chain, ring, star and mesh topologies are supported, with individual choice of unprotected or protected (SNCP) traffic circuits. The multiplexer supports a mix of traffic types, such as E1, T1, E3, DS3 and Ethernet. Ethernet functionality includes traffic node functions with L2/VLAN-switching, traffic aggregation and QoS. The feature set is continuously enhanced to fit in with the development in the industry and radio specific functions are included to optimise the packet transport for radio transmission. The equipment configuration and licences can be stored in an external file. When a new Supervisory Unit is inserted, the equipment configuration can then easily be restored to the radio equipment. The configuration can also be copied to other terminals.
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2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION EVLOUTION SERIES LONG HAUL 2.1 System Overview

Evolution Series Long Haul is a scalable all indoor or split mounted microwave equipment for transmission of N x STM-1/OC-3 in the frequency bands from 4 to 11 GHz. The system comprises one to five interconnected IFUs with interface units and power supply connection to the system, up to ten XCVRs and the RF branching system. Connection to the antenna is by elliptical WG. The indoor system is mounted in a 19 rack. CCDP configuration with XPIC is available in all frequency bands for all modulation schemes. The transmission protocols are SDH or SONET. Ethernet traffic is transported using the Ethernet over SDH standards; GFP, VCAT and LCAS. The Long Haul Configuration can also be used for the Hybrid TDM and Ethernet mode XPAND. See chapter 2.7 Configurations n+1, n = 1 to 7 n+0, n = 1 to 10 Asymmetrical HSB Features Combiner Space Diversity Co-channel operation with XPIC Adjacent channel operation ~28 and 40 MHz CS STM-1/OC-3 and STM-4/OC-12 Integrated ADM/DXC option Low Power Consumption Transceiver units covers complete frequency band Ethernet over SDH/SONET
Figure 2-1 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 10+0

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The split mount version has an outdoor branching housing with capacity of four XCVRs, also with the options of Combiner Space Diversity and Co-channel operation. Two housing can be used with dual polarised antennas giving a total capacity of eight channels. In this configuration the connection between indoor and outdoor part is by coaxial cable.
Figure 2-2 Long Haul Split Mount outdoor part, 3+1/4+0
2.2 Software Overview

The equipment contains a software package which includes the SW modules for all units in the system. The SW is continuously updated and new releases will include new features and enhancements. A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is recommended in order to always get access to the latest SW release. The controller in the SU has two software banks, one active and one inactive for backup and upgrades. Upgrades can be downloaded to the inactive software bank using the Graphical User Interface (GUI) or the element manager (NetMaster). Active software bank can be switched any time controlled from NetMaster or through the GUI. Software to the XCVR is automatically uploaded from the controller at power up. Optional software licenses are stored in the controller. Each terminal is given an IP-address and is considered as a network element together with its accompanied XCVRs. Terminal configuration can be uploaded from the terminal for backup and duplication needs, and downloaded to the terminal from a saved configuration file.
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2.3 Space Diversity

Space Diversity with IF combiner is available for all configurations both indoor and split mount with outdoor branching housing. A Space Diversity system includes a separate branching system for the Space Diversity antenna and Space Diversity transceiver units. These units contain one transmitter and two receivers. The signals from the two receivers are combined.
Figure 2-3 2+0 Space Diversity Terminal
2.3.1 Combining principles and performance

The combining method is in-phase IF-combining. The effect of this combining is an improvement of the receiver threshold in fading situations when input levels are low. The improvement is at least 2.5 dB for signals of the same level at an arbitrary phase difference Maximum difference of wave-guide lengths between main and diversity antennas is 30 meters for a standard space transceiver. An additional 30 meters is offered as an option. The static delay compensation is automatically adjusted during system installation via the Web interface. External delay compensation or external instruments are not needed.
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2.4 Modes of operation

The system can be operated in Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) mode, Adjacent Channel Co-Polarization (ACCP) mode, and Co-Channel Dual Polarized (CCDP) mode.
Figure 2-4 Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) mode
Figure 2-5 Adjacent Channel Alternate Co-Polarization (ACCP) mode

28/30/40 MHz
V H
10
Figure 2-6 Co-Channel Dual Polarized (CCDP) mode CCDP with XPIC is an effective way of doubling the link capacity by utilising both polarisations on a channel. Some interference between the two signals will occur over the link but the Cross Polarisation Interference Canceller (XPIC) will filter this interference in the demodulator. The XPIC filter has a typical XIF of 20 dB.
ADC: Analogue to Digital Converter DEC: Symbol Decision and Error Correction
Figure 2-7 Co-channel operation with XPIC
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2.5 User Interfaces

The system can handle a mix of both TDM traffic and Ethernet traffic, available interface units are: STM-1/OC-3 electrical or optical. STM-4/OC-12 optical 1 Ethernet (4x10/100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T and 1000BASE-X (SFP)) The terminal can also be equipped with DXC Frame and E1, T1, E3 and DS3 interfaces. 12xE1, 25xE1, 8xT1, 16xT1 and 3xE3/DS3 Integrated DXC can be used in all configurations and the DXC Frame can connect to up to three channels. See chapter 5.4 for examples. Available auxiliary interfaces are: E1/T1 Wayside, Ethernet Wayside, 64 kb/s, EOW and External Alarm and Controls.
2.5.1 64 kb/s auxiliary channels and EOW

Interfaces for 64 kb/s Auxiliary channels are available at the EOW Unit and the separate 64 kb/s Unit. The 64 Kb/s channels can be transported in available channels in the SOH/TOH or in two channels in the NERA Frame. Maximum five channels for EOW and 64 kb/s can be allocated per main channel. The units can also be used to set up a management 64 kb/s point to point connection over radio, line or external 64 kb/s line. For more details see the unit descriptions 6.10 and 6.11.
2.5.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel

An E1 or T1 Wayside channel is available by using bytes in the SOH/TOH. The E1/T1 Wayside Unit is required for. G.703 interface. The unit handles one channel. 2.5.2.1 Ethernet Wayside The 2 Mbit/s wayside capacity can be used to carry Ethernet traffic. Ethernet port(s) at the SU is used as interface. The Ethernet packets are mapped into the SOH/TOH. See chapter 3.3 for more details about use of SOH/TOH.
2.5.3 External Alarm and Controls

See unit description. Chapter 6.12
STM-4/OC-12 links with demultiplexing to STM-1/OC-3 requires DXC Frame
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2.6 Branching System

The low loss RF-branching system combines up to 10 channels to one antenna port. The branching system contains narrow band RF-filters for each channel and circulators connecting the channels together. The branching system can be split for transmission on both polarisations. In Space Diversity configuration, two receive branchings are used in parallel connecting the two antennas to two receivers inputs for each channel. If system expansion is planned, the branching can be delivered for the final configuration.
Figure 2-8 Branching Diagrams 1+1/2+0 and 3+1/4+0 Dual Polarized
Figure 2-9 Branching diagrams 7+1/8+0 and 3+1 Space Diversity
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2.7 XPAND Long Haul Terminal

Evolution Series XPAND is a scalable hybrid Ethernet and PDH radio. Transmission capacity ranges from 6 Mbit/s to 150 Mbit/s. The transmission can be either E1&Ethernet based (ETSI) or T1&Ethernet based (ANSI). Link Configurations are 1+0, 1+1/HSB and 1+1/HSD SD. Space Diversity with IF combiner is available for 150 Mb/s capacity The E1/T1 signals and the Ethernet traffic are mapped in to a scalable frame for radio transport. The frame has in addition to the main traffic a NERA overhead (NOH) with two 64 kb/s channels used for EOW or 64 kb/s user channel and a 192 kb/s out of band management channel (DCN).
Scalable Frame size Selectable mix
N O H E T H E T H E T H E T H E T H E T H E T H E T H E T H E T H E T H E T H
nxE1/T1
ETH Native mapping Ethernet Packets
Figure 2-10 Scalable frame
2.8 User Interfaces

Four 10/100 BASE-TX 12xE1 and 25xE1 Units, 8xT1 and 16xT1 Units 4x64 kb/s Unit EOW and 2x64 kb/s Unit Alarm and Control Unit
Capacities ETSI Scalable 8, 16, 32, 40, 56, 80, 100, 150 Mbit/s transmission capacity (4, 8, 16, 20, 28 40, 50, 75xE1) Capacities ANSI Scalable 6, 12, 22, 24, 50, 100, 125 and 150 Mbit/s transmission capacity (4, 8, 14, 16, 32, 64, 80, 96xT1) More detailed specifications are available upon request.
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3. SDH/SONET FEATURES AND DXC FUNCTIONALITY 3.1 Section Termination

The radio channel can be configured with RS- or MS-termination according to ITU-T Rec.G.783. A standard Long Haul terminal with STM-1/OC-3, Gigabit Ethernet interface or STM-4 interface will be configured with RS-termination and the radio link is a regeneration section. When the radio is configured with DXC or tributary units, the radio will always be configured for MStermination.
3.2 Scrambling / descrambling functions

The system contains both a STM-1/STS-3 scrambler/descrambler according to ITU-T Rec. G.707 and a radio specific scrambler/descrambler, which randomises the transmitted digital signal in order to make the RF power spectrum as uniform as possible, irrespective of the transmitted data.
3.3 Section/Transport Overhead (SOH/TOH)

Use of TOH/SOH is according to ITU-T Rec. G.707. Access to bytes in MSOH at a regenerator is according to ITU-R Rec.750. A description is given in Table 3-1: Shaded bytes can be used for 2Mbit/s, 1.5 Mbit/s or Ethernet wayside channel. These bytes and the E1, E2, F1, MS#1-3, Z1#1-2, or Z2#2 bytes can be used as 64 kb/s user channels. Maximum three 64 kb/s channels can be allocated per SOH/TOH. In addition there are two user channels in the NERA Frame overhead. A1 RSOH: B1 D1 H1 B2 MSOH: D4 D7 D10 S1 A1 MS#3 H1 B2 X X X Z1#1 A1 X H1 B2 X X X Z1#2 A2 E1 D2 H2 K1 D5 D8 D11 Z2#1
A2
A2 X X H2 X X X X M1
J0 F1 D3 H3 K2 D6 D9 D12 E2
N N X H3 X X X X N
N N X H3 X X X X N
MS#1 MS#2
X X H2 X X X X Z2#2
Table 3-1 Utilisation of SOH bytes
3.4 SOH/TOH Frameword and bytes

The first nine bytes in the frame (row 1 in SOH/TOH) are unscrambled according to ITU-T Rec. G.707. A1: A2: N: J0: B1: B2: MS#1-3: Frameword (11110110) Frameword (00101000) Bytes reserved for national use. Used for wayside or user channel Regenerator Section Trace BIP-8 (Bit Interleaved Parity-8) (RST) BIP-24 (Bit Interleaved Parity-24) (MST) Media specific bytes. User channel
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E1-byte: F1-byte: H1-H3: K1/K2-byte: K2 (b6-b8) D1-D3 bytes: D4-D12 bytes: S1-byte: Z1/Z2-byte: M1-byte: E2-byte:
User channel User channel AU/SPE-pointers. Bytes for APS signalling. MSP function is not implemented MS-Remote Defect Indication Embedded control channel - Regenerator, ECCr (Not Used) Embedded Control Channel - Multiplexer -ECC-M (Not Used) Synchronisation Status Message User channel Remote Error Identifier (MS-REI) User channel
3.5 Mapping and multiplexing DXC Unit & DXC Frame

The equipment supports both SDH and SONET mapping. For Ethernet traffic, GFP mapping is used. See chapter 4 for more details. The DXC supports SDH and SONET Mapping and multiplexing of E1, E3 and DS3 according to Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-1 SDH Mapping and Multiplexing
155 Mb/s
OC-3
STS-3
STS-3
STS-3c SPE
Ethernet
x3
STS-1 STS-1 SPE DS3 async/ Ethernet
x7
VT group
x4
VT1.5 VT1.5 SPE DS1 async/ Ethernet
Figure 3-2 SONET Mapping and Multiplexing
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3.6 Mapping and multiplexing STM-4/OC-12

A terminal with STM-4/OC-12 interface supports Mapping and multiplexing according to Figure 3-3. If the payload contains four individual STM-1/OC-3 signals the payload may be partially populated. This allows the use of the STM-4/OC-12 interface on a link with lower capacity. If the payload is a concatenated signal a link capacity of 622 Mbit/s is mandatory.
Figure 3-3 SDH and SONET STM-4/OC-12 Mapping
3.7 Cross-connect support

The DXC Unit or the larger DXC Frame provides the SDH/SONET multiplexer functionality. It can be configured as terminal, ADM with two transmission directions or as X-connect with up to four transmission directions. It can also be used without XCVRs as a DXC terminal. The node has a nonblocking cross-connect capability at VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total cross-connect capacity of 4VC-4/STS-3 (DXC Unit) and 8VC-4/STS-3 (DXC Frame). The data traffic can be a mix of TDM and Ethernet.
LIU/RIU
DXC Frame
LIU/RIU
Figure 3-4 DXC Unit
Figure 3-5 DXC Frame
3.7.1 Sub Network Connection Protection

In a ring or mesh topology the traffic signals can be protected by SNCP. This is done by transmitting the relevant VC/SPE in both directions in the ring. At the receive direction, the available or better-quality signal is selected. Manual switching is also possible. The following switching criteria are used: AU/TU AIS and AU/TU LOP alarms Unequipped Signal and Trace Identifier at VC level User Command from the LCT or from EM/NMS. The protected VC-n/SPEs circuits can be selected from any STM-1/STS-3 signal connected to the DXC.
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3.8 Synchronisation
The terminal contains an optional SETS function included in the DXC. In RST mode the SETS function is not required and the incoming 155 Mbit/s signal is transmitted without re-timing. Transmit and receive directions are independent from each other and can have different timing sources. In MST mode the SETS function is providing the equipment clock. The SETS function can be synchronised to one of the following sources: 155 Mbit/s signal from line or radio direction 2 MHz clock input One selectable 2 or 1.5 Mbit/s tributary input signal Internal oscillator (free running) The user sets the available synchronisation references sources in priority order. The highest quality source is used to synchronise the equipment clock, but if there are several sources available with equally high quality, the source with higher priority is used. If a timing source is not available (loss of signal) or its timing signal is outside tolerances, the SETS function will select the next available source with the highest quality.
3.8.1 Synchronisation status messaging

Synchronisation status messaging can be used to ensure that the best available timing source will be used. The messaging is also used to prevent timing loops in SDH ring and mesh networks. The status messaging is transferred in the S1 byte in the Section Overhead. The synchronisation status quality levels are shown in the table below. Abbr. G.811 G.812T G.812L SETS Do Not Use ETSI Ref. QL_PRC QL_SSU T QL_SSU L QL_SEC QL_DNU Quality Primary Reference Clock (PRC) defined in ITU-T rec. G.811 Transit node clock defined in ITU-T rec. G.812 Local node clock defined in ITU-T rec. G.812 Synchronous Equipment Timing Source (internal oscillator) Do not use for synchronisation (to prevent timing loops)
Table 3-2 Synchronisation quality levels In case the synchronisation status message is not contained in the synchronisation input signal, for example in the external 2 MHz or in 2/1.5 Mbit/s tributary input signal, the quality level can be defined manually by the operator.
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4. ETHERNET FEATURES 4.1 Ethernet over SDH/SONET Mapping

Ethernet traffic is transported over the radio link by mapping Ethernet traffic into SDH/SONET containers. Mapping into VC-12, VT1.5, VC-3 and VC-4 containers are supported. The transmission capacity is scalable from one VT1.5/VC-12 to four VC-4 (600 Mbit/s). Standardised GFP-F mapping with Null Extension Header according to ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303 is applied. Payload Frame Check Sequence is not used (PFI=0). The VC containers can be mapped toward both radio or line interfaces. This can be very useful if existing SDH/SONET network is available for some of the capacity. For high capacities the LCAS feature is superior to Link Aggregation as the link even if consisting of several XCVRs or external STM-1 connections, is seen as one channel from the Ethernet layer. The LACS protocol automatically scales the capacity with available connections (channels).
Figure 4-1 600 Mbit/s Ethernet Link
4.1.1 VCAT and LCAS support

Evolution Series supports virtual concatenation and LCAS according to (ITU-T G.7042/Y.1305). Four VC-groups are supported. The members of the VC-group must be of the same type. The following groups are available: VC-12 x n, where n=1..64 VT1.5 x n, where n=1..64 VC-3 x n, where n=1..12 VC-4 x n, where n=1..4 The LCAS protocol implemented covers the following functions: Automatically temporary removal of a faulty VCAT member. Automatically insertion of a temporary removed VCAT member when the fault is repaired.
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4.2 Ethernet services

The Ethernet Unit can be configured in three different modes Switch mode with four LAN and one WAN Port to port mode with one WAN Port to port mode with up to four WAN
4.2.1 Switch mode - E-Line with VLAN/MAC switching

In switch mode the unit has one WAN port and five LAN ports. (Both GbE ports can be used). Each port can be defined to be member of a VLAN or a VLAN range. LAN ports will only accept packets with specified VLAN and packets will be forwarded to all port members of VLAN until MAC destination address is learned. The traffic can be untagged or customer tagged, in case of untagged the GbE switch can add defined tag value. WAN capacity is scalable from 2Mbit/s (1.5Mbit/s ANSI) to 600 Mbit/s. The switch can be set to add/strip a user defined VLAN tag on the traffic on LAN ports QoS is supported on WAN port.
Figure 4-2 VLAN aware switch
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4.2.2 Port to Port Mode

In port to port mode there are up to four transparent LAN connections in parallel and there is no connection between each of them. Incoming traffic on Port 1 is sent to Port 1 on the opposite side. Port 2 to Port 2, etc. As an option Port 4 (Electrical Gigabit Port) can be connected to Port 5 (Optical Gigabit Port) on the opposite side of the hop. The LAN connections share the total link capacity which is up to 600 Mb/s (4xVC-4). Traffic may be untagged or customer tagged VLAN transparent.
Up to 600 Mb/s
Mapping And VCAT WAN port Ethernet Switch
Mapping And VCAT
Ethernet Switch
LAN ports Physical Interfaces

PHY 1 PHY 2 PHY 3 PHY 4
Physical Interfaces
PHY 1 PHY 2 PHY 3 PHY 4
Figure 4-3 Port to port mode
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4.2.3 Multiple E-Line

With port to WAN mapping each individual Ethernet port forms a separate channel through the link. Port mapping is achieved by using inserting a VLAN-tag on incoming traffic. This VLAN-tag is removed at the output-port. Each LAN port will be mapped to a given WAN (Virtual Container Group VCG) Traffic may be untagged or customer tagged VLAN transparent Up to four WAN port/links can be used. WAN capacity per port is scalable as described in chapter 4.1.1. Aggregated WAN capacity is maximum 600 Mbit/s QoS is supported on the aggregated traffic on the WAN port.
Figure 4-4 Port to Link Mapping - Multiple E-Line
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4.3 QoS features.

The QoS characteristics of the system will naturally be governed by the queuing and buffering strategies of the subsystems. To allow for a wide array of applications for this product these strategies are made user selectable.
4.3.1 QoS priority scheme

Four traffic queues representing four priority levels are available. Traffic can be prioritised based on VLAN 802.1p, type of service or port. 1. VLAN (802.1p user priority) Priority level can be assigned based on VLAN user priority represented by 8 decimal values (0-7). 2. DSCP/TOS (IPv4/IPv6) Priority level can be assigned based on DSCP/TOS represented by 64 decimal values (0-63). 3. Port (Ethernet input ports) Priority level can be assigned to each port individually. 4. QoS priority OFF (Maximum throughput) All traffic has equal priority.
4.3.2 QoS scheduling mode

The queues can be set up with either fair or strict queuing Fair queueing Fair queuing tries to distribute forwarding capacity between the different priority levels to prevent high priority data streams from completely blocking lower priority streams. Scheduling is done according to a fair weighting (8, 4, 2, 1) applied to the four priority queues. Strict queueing All top priority frames egress until that priority's queue is empty. Then the next lower priority queue's frames egress, etc. This ensures that all high priority frames egress as soon as possible.
4.4 Ingress rate limiting

Per port ingress rate limiting with optional flow control is available and can be set independently of other settings. Drop mode can be configured to either continuous drop or burst drop. Flow Control uses pause frames.
4.5 Frame delay Ethernet Interfaces

Frame delay specified below is according to ITU-T Y.1563, Network Section and RFC 1242 store-andforward definition: "The time interval starting when the last bit of the input frame reaches the input port and ending when the first bit of the output frame is seen on the output port." Numbers in the table below are given for a link with no queuing-delay and all link capacity allocated to Ethernet-traffic. Propagation delay excluded. Frame delay Frame delay Packet Size 100 BaseTX interface 1000BaseT interface 64 bytes < 250s < 240s 700 bytes < 290s < 290s 1518 bytes < 350s < 355s Table 4-1 Ethernet Packet frame delay VC-4 mapping
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4.6 MAC learning

MAC-learning can be enabled/disabled. MAC-table aging is configurable. MAC address table size is 8000.
4.7 Maximum Packet Size

With port-mapping enabled, the equipment is transparent to packet-sizes up to 1628 bytes. With portmapping disabled, the equipment is transparent to packet-sizes up to 1632 bytes.
4.8 Ethernet Statistics

RMON statistics counters are supported. Counters can be read via the WEB interface, NetMaster or an SNMP Manager.
4.9 Typical Ethernet Throughput

Ethernet throughput is measured according to RFC 2544. Throughput higher than channel bit-rate is achieved by removing Inter-Packet-Gap over the air. The Inter-Packet-Gap is then restored before the packets leave the IFU. Datarate # VC4s 1 4 Packet size 64 bytes Mbit/s 156 626 1518 bytes Mbit/s 146 582
Table 4-2 Ethernet Throughput
4.10 Link-Loss Failure pass through on the Ethernet port

Evolution Series supports a Link-Loss Failure pass through, LLF. This is useful for routers or switches to detect that the Ethernet connection has failed or there is no pass through connection through the radio link side. The LLF function is based on the principle that the interface on the opposite side will be disconnected when the link on the Ethernet port or the radio link has failed. Hence, a failure situation will be communicated to either ends in the link configuration. When there is a radio link failure, the LLF function will control the Ethernet link on the opposite side of the radio link by the link status on each side. I.e. if the incoming Ethernet signal on one side is disconnected, the output on the Ethernet port on the opposite side will be turned off. LLF is not supported in Switch Mode.
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5. TERMINAL CONFIGURATIONS 5.1 General

Evolution Series provides a lot of freedom for configuring a terminal to fit with the user needs. The main building blocks are the Line Interfaces (LIU), the Radio Interfaces (RIU) the Main Data Switch (MDS) and the optional DXC. The MDS makes connections between LIUs, DXC and RIUs. See Figure 5-1 below. STM-1/OC-3, Gigabit and STM-4/OC-12 interfaces can be connected directly to a RIU. The PDH interfaces (E1/T1/E3 and DS3) have to be connected through the DXC. In a repeater site RIUs from two directions can be interconnected. In addition the terminal can be equipped with Auxiliary Interfaces.
Figure 5-1 Evolution Series Long Haul block diagram The MDS connects the IFU together and three different connection panels are used. Two IFU Connection panel, used for configurations with up to 4 channels. Four IFU Connection panel, used for configurations with more than 4 channels. Four IFU and DXC Frame Connection panel. Used if DXC Frame is needed.
Figure 5-2 Two IFU

IFU
IFU
IFU
IFU
8 DIR DXC
Figure 5-3 Four IFU
Figure 5-4 Four IFU and DXC
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5.2 Terminal Configurations

Evolution Series Long Haul can have up to ten channels in one rack. Protected systems can be configured from n+1 up to 7+1, unprotected from 1+0 to 10+0. Asymmetrical HSB is also available. Two racks can be combined for configurations up to 2x(7+1) or 2x(8+0).
Figure 5-5 Block Diagram 7+1 Terminal
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5.3 Repeater Terminals

Repeater terminals with internal baseband connection is available for n+0 configurations up to 4+0 1 .
IFU AUX
XCVR
RIU PWR
Mainboard
RIU PWR
XCVR
IFU
AUX
XCVR
RIU PWR
Mainboard
RIU PWR
XCVR
IFU
AUX
XCVR
RIU PWR
Mainboard
RIU PWR
XCVR
IFU
AUX
XCVR
RIU PWR SU
Mainboard
RIU PWR
XCVR
Figure 5-6 Block Diagram 4+0 Repeater
3+0 and 4+0 repeater with XPIC requires LIU interconnection.
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5.4 Terminals with DXC

This chapter includes some examples of terminals with DXC and add/drop of E1 or T1 signals. The DXC Frame has eight ports, a LIU or a RIU can be connected to a port. LIUs can be placed in an IFU or in the DXC frame (four positions). At an Add/Drop site up to three traffic channels can be connected to the DXC.
Figure 5-7 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mbit/s

RIU MDS RIU LIU LIU LIU LIU MDS RIU RIU
RIU MDS RIUp
LIU
LIU MDS
RIU RIUp
DXC Frame
LIU
LIU
LIU
LIU
Figure 5-8 IFU block diagram n+1 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mbit/s
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RIU MDS RIU LIU LIU LIU LIU MDS RIU RIU
RIU MDS RIUp
LIU
LIU MDS
RIU RIUp
DXC Frame
LIU
LIU
Figure 5-10 IFU block diagram n+1 Terminal with DXC 3x155 Mbit/s
n x 155 Mb/s
n x 155 Mb/s
2x155 Mb/s 2x155 Mb/s
DXC
100xE1 64XT1 6xE3/DS3 Ethernet
DXC
100xE1 64XT1 6xE3/DS3 Ethernet
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5.5 Terminal with Gigabit Ethernet

The example below shows a 4+0 terminal with the Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit. Traffic is mapped into four STM-1/OC-3 signals and gives a data rate of approx 600 Mb/s. An 8+0 terminal can have two Gigabit cards and transmit 1200 Mb/s. Terminals can also have a combination of Ethernet and STM1/OC-3 interfaces.
Figure 5-12 4+0 Terminal with Gigabit Ethernet Interface
5.6 Terminal with STM-4 interface

The example below shows a 4+1 terminal with STM-4/OC-12 interface.
Figure 5-13 4+1 Terminal with STM-4/OC-12
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6. UNIT DESCRIPTIONS 6.1 Transceiver (XCVR)

The XCVR hardware is capacity and modulation independent. The XCVR consists of the Transmitter and the Receiver and it is tuneable over the whole frequency band, both high and low part. Three XCVR variants are available High Power, High Power Space Diversity and Standard Power. High power XCVR is default choice for Long Haul. XCVR Type High Power High Power SD Standard Power 4, 5 and 10 GHz X X L6, U6, 7, 8 and 11 GHz X X X
Figure 6-1 XCVR
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6.2 Universal Interface Unit (IFU)

The Evolution Series IFU is a 1RU high modular unit, containing 9 plug-in slots for various units. The modular architecture with plug-in slots enables a high degree of flexibility, ease of upgrading/changing configurations and easy maintenance.
Figure 6-2 IFU, 1+0 system The basic IFU frame is common in all configurations and up to four basic IFU frames and one DXC frame (optional) be stacked together by a rear mounted IFU connection panel. - The lower left position (1) contains the Supervisory Unit. The Supervisory Unit is handling the configuration of all system units as well as reporting system status to the EM/NMS system. The unit also has an Ethernet switch with interfaces both for user traffic and management. The rightmost position (6) houses the FAN Unit, handling the ventilation and temperature management of the IFU frame. Line Interface units can be placed in slots 1-5 depending on system configuration. The 25E1, 16T1 and Ethernet traffic interfaces are full height and covers the upper Aux/Serv. position as well. The Gigabit Ethernet Unit must be placed in slot 3 if mapping to more than one 155 Mb/s is required. The DXC Unit must be placed in slot 3. The DXC units contain the SETS function and external synchronisation interface. The Radio Interface units and Power Supply Unit must be placed in slot 4 or 5. The RIU provides connection to the XCVR and includes power supply to the IFU and the XCVR. The Power Supply Unit is used in IFUs without RIU and in n+1 configurations with only one RIU. The upper Aux/Serv. slots (7, 8 and 9) house any Auxiliary or Service Channel units, such as Alarm and Control Unit, Wayside Unit, 64 kb Data Channels Unit and EOW Unit. Slot 8 and 9 can house 24 volt adapter
All units can be replaced in the field. Non traffic carrying units can be replaced without interrupting the service. See paragraph 3 for further description of the various plug-in units. Slot # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SU X LIU X X X X X RIU/PWR DXC AUX 24 V FAN
X X X X X X X Figure 6-3 Slot Matrix Universal IFU X X
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6.3 Supervisory Unit

The Supervisory Unit is handling the configuration of all the system units as well as reporting system status to the EM/NMS system. It has four 10/100 BASE-TX Ethernet ports for user and management traffic. Management The ports are connected to an internal switch and can both be used for connection to the EM/NMS system and/or for connecting terminals together in a Management LAN/DCN. An internal OSFP/RIP router handles routing of out of band management traffic. See chapter 13.5 User Traffic User traffic can be mapped into the 2 Mbit/s Wayside channel in the SOH or into a STM-1/OC-3 channel, see chapter 11.2.1 for an example. For higher datarates the Gigabit Ethernet Unit is used. See 6.6.5
6.4 Radio Interface Unit RIU

The RIU contains the interface for connecting the IFU to one XCVR with a single coaxial cable. It also contains the connector for power supply to the terminal.
6.5 Power Supply Unit

This unit is used in configurations where the IFU houses only interface units and no RIUs. It is also needed in 2+1, 4+1 and 6+1 configurations due to only one RIU in the last IFU.
6.6 Line Interface Unit LIU

The LIU contains the interface for connecting the user traffic to the IFU.
6.6.1 STM-1/OC-3 Line Interface Units

There is one electrical and four optical STM-1/OC-3 interface units. The optical interface units are using SFP modules, but they are sold as complete units. Electrical (G.703) interface unit. Optical single mode (S-1.1) interface unit. Optical single mode (L-1.1) interface unit. Optical single mode (L-1.2) interface unit. Optical multi mode interface unit.
6.6.2 E1/T1 Interface Units

Four E1/T1 interface units are available, 25xE1, 12xE1, 16xT1 and 8xT1. DXC unit or DXC Frame is also required. 25xE1 interface unit. 12xE1 interface unit. 8xT1 interface unit. 16xT1 interface unit.
6.6.3 3xE3/DS3 Interface Unit

The 3xE3/D3 Unit supports both SONET and SDH mapping. In SDH mode it is also possible to mix E3 and DS3. DXC Unit or DXC Frame is required
6.6.4 STM-4/OC-12 Line Interface Units

STM-4/OC-12 unit with S-4.1 optical SFP interface.
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6.6.5 Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit

The Gigabit Ethernet Interface supports Ethernet over SDH functions. The Gigabit Ethernet Interface unit has three 10/100 BASE-TX ports, one 10/100/1000 BASE-TX port and one SFP slot for 1000BASE-X. The SFP unit is a separate unit. See chapter 4 for more details about the features.
6.7 Digital X-Connect Unit

The optional DXC Unit handles SDH/SONET x-connect and SNCP function as well as SETS function. The multiplex structure is selectable between SDH and SONET. The SETS function handles node synchronisation and selection of synchronisation sources. The unit can be used together with XCVRs and LIUs or with only LIUs as a standalone ADM/DXC. It has a non-blocking cross-connect capability at VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total cross-connect capacity of 4VC-4/STS-3
6.8 Digital X-Connect Frame

The optional DXC Frame handles SDH/SONET x-connect and SNCP function as well as the SETS function. The external 2 MHz synchronisation interface is included in the plug-in Power and Sync Unit. The multiplex structure is selectable between SDH and SONET. The unit can be used together with XCVRs and LIUs or with only LIUs as a standalone ADM/DXC. It has a non-blocking cross-connect capability at VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total cross-connect capacity of 8VC-4/STS-3.
6.9 Wayside Unit

The SDH/SONET Wayside Unit supports one wayside channel, selectable to either E1 or T1 traffic. One RF-channel can carry one wayside channel.
6.10 EOW Unit (Service channel)

The EOW Unit provides a party line service channel for voice communication to other terminals in the network and two 64kbit/s co-directional interfaces. The voice service channel provides the following functions: Selective call with two digit telephone number. Collective call by pressing *-button. Built-in bridge for east/west connections. 4-wire analogue interfaces for connection to other service channel equipment. One 4-wire Interface with level adjustment Two Other Equipment (OE1 and OE2 ) interfaces The two OE interfaces can be configured for daisy-chain operation The pinning configuration is adapted to standard Ethernet CAT-5 cable; this enables use of standard cables. The IFU can be equipped with two service telephone plug-in units unit. A standard telephone handset connects to the unit. The 64 kb/s channels serves the same purposes as described in chapter 6.11.
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6.11 64 kb/s Serial Channel Unit

The unit contains four 64kbit/s channel interfaces. Two with co-directional interface, one with contradirectional interface and one V.11 interface (without byte timing). The channels are used for user traffic and can be routed towards line or radio. In addition the unit can set up a 64 kb/s connection from the Supervisory unit towards the physical interface or towards a 64 kb/s overhead channel.
6.12 Alarm and Control Unit

The unit provides interfaces for collection of external alarms or analogue values, and relays for external alarm and control outputs. Each interface can be configured individually Eight alarm inputs Four relay outputs which can be configured to Latched, Pulsed or Alarm Output mode. Seven analogue inputs
6.13 Fan Unit

The Fan Unit handles temperature management of the IFU and consists of three fans. An alarm is generated if one of the fans should fail. The Fan Unit is field replaceable without interrupting the service.
6.14 Power Supply and Sync Unit

This unit contains the power supply interface to the DXC frame and the 2 MHz External synchronization interface.
6.15 24 V Power Interface Adapter

Adapter for conversion from +24 to -48 Volts. The unit feeds one RIU. It can be used with the Universal IFU.
6.16 LEDs
All IFU units have a LED indicating power on and alarm status. Continuous green Power on, normal operation Slow blinking green Unit is initiating Fast blinking green Units is receiving configuration Continuous red Alarm on unit Slow blinking red Unit is receiving configuration Fast blinking red Units is not configured or is placed in a wrong IFU slot
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7. GENERAL EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTRICS 7.1 Bandwidth, modulation and radio frame

Transmission of STM-1/OC-3 in ~28 and 40 MHz channels with 128 and 64 MLCM modulation is supported. In addition to the STM-1/OC-3 signal the radio frame contains a 256 kb/s DCC channel, two 64 kb/s user channels, RPS communication channel and XCVR-XCVR communication channel. The DCC channels in the SOH/TOH are not used by the radio equipment and one E1/T1 wayside channel is available by using SOH/TOH bytes. Channel Spacing ~28 MHz Modulation Emission Designator
128 MLCM 28M0D7W
40 MHz
64 MLCM 40M0D7W
7.2 Equipment Reference Points

A principle block diagram for a digital radio relay system, including the main blocks, is shown in Figure 7-1. The block diagram includes marked interface points, which serve as reference points for several technical parameters used in this document.
Figure 7-1 Principle block diagram for a radio system with RF Branching
SD Branching
Branching
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7.3 Frequency bands

Evolution Series is available in ITU-R, CEPT, FCC and national frequency bands according to the following tables. The BW given in the last column is for information only and indicates which BWs the plan includes. Frequency Band
4 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz 5 GHz 5 GHz 5 GHz L6 GHz U6 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 8 GHz 8 GHz 8 GHz 8 GHz 10 GHz 10 GHz 11 GHz 11 GHz
Frequency [GHz]
3,6-4.2 3,8-4.2 4.4-5.0 4.4-5.0 4.4-5.0 4.4-5.0 5.9-6.4 6.4-7.1 7.1-7.4 7.1-7.4 7.1-7.4 7.1-7.4 7.2-7.5 7.4-7.7 7.4-7.7 7.4-7.7 7.4-7.7 7.4-7.9 7.1-7.7 7.7-8.3 7.7-8.3 7.9-8.4 7.9-8.5 10.0-10.68 10.15-10.65 10.7-11.7 10.7-11.7
Channel Plan
ITU-R F. 635-6 CEPT 12-08 ITU-R F. 382-8 CEPT 12-08 ITU-R F. 746-5 ITU-R F. 1099-3 Annex 1,1 98 MHz Duplex 100 MHz Duplex ITU-R F. 383-7 CEPT 14-01E ITU-R F.384-8 CEPT 14-02 E ITU-R F.385-7 Annex 3 CEPT 02-06 Annex 1 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec. 1-4 ACA Rali FX3 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec. 1-4 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 3 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 1,4 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 1, 1 CEPT 02-06 Annex 1 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec 1-4 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 4 Korea ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 1 7.7-8.3 GHz, 40 MHz CS ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 4 CEPT 02-06 CEPT 12-05 CFT Mexico ITU-R F. 387-9 CEPT 12-06 Rec. 1 ITU-R F. 387-9 Annex 2 CEPT 12-06 Rec. 3
Duplex spacing [MHz]

320 213 312 300 98 100 252.04 340 196 154 161 270 161 168 154 154 161 245 300 311.32 310 266 310 350 350 530 490
BW [MHz]
30/40 29 28 40 28 28 29.65 30/40 28 28 28 30 28 28 28 28 28 28 30 29.65 40 28 28 28 28 30/40 30/40
Table 7-1 Frequency bands ETSI
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Frequency Freq. Band [GHz]

L6 GHz U6 GHz 7 GHz 7 GHz 8 GHz 11 GHz 5.9 - 6.4 6.4 - 7.1 7.1 - 7.4 7.4 - 7.7 7.7 - 8.3 10.7 - 11.7
Channel Plan
CFR47 101.147 Table i SRSP 305.9 SRSP 306.4 CFR47 101.147 Table l SRSP 307.1 SRSP 307.1 SRSP 307.7 CFR47 101.147 Table o SRSP 310.7
Duplex spacing [MHz]

252.04 100/340 160/170 175 150 300 490
BW [MHz]
29.65 30 30 30 30 30/40
Table 7-2 Frequency bands ANSI
7.4 International and National Standards

Evolution Series is compliant with relevant international and national standards. The equipment is type approved and labelled according to EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE).
7.5 ETSI Equipment Class

The equipment is compliant to specifications in EN 302 217 for Class 5A and 5B
7.6 Equipment background BER (Residual BER)

Typical Residual BER Guaranteed Residual BER 10-14 10-13
7.7 Error Correction

Evolution Series features forward error correction for enhanced receiver error performance. Dual error correction is used. The digital signal is block coded and multi level coded modulation is used.
7.8 System delay

The transmission delay through a system (From "Line interface in" on TX-side to "Line interface out" on RX-side) excluding propagation-time between antennas is 200 s. Frame delay for Ethernet traffic is not included see chapter 4.5.
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7.9 System loop back possibilities

The following looping possibilities are built into the equipment and can be activated from the WEB interface.
1 2 3 4 5
Near end LIU loop Far end LIU loop Near end Main board loop Far end Main board loop Near-end RIU loop
6 7 8 9 10
Near-end XCVR Loop Near end 64 kb/s or E1/T1 Wayside loop Far end 64 kb/s or E1/T1 Wayside loop Near end Ethernet loop at SU Far end Ethernet loop at SU
Figure 7-2 System loop backs At the LIU and AUX unit with multiple channels/interfaces each channel can be looped. At the Gigabit Ethernet Unit output signal to port 1 will be swapped with port 2 and vice versa, in order to prevent the test signal to be sent back to the transmitting port. The same applies to port 3 and port 4 (port 5).
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7.10 Environmental 7.10.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility Conditions (EMC)

ETSI: The equipment conforms to the EMC standard as specified in EN 301 489 part 1 and 4. FCC: The equipment conforms to FCC Part 15 subpart B class A.
7.10.2 Safety conditions

The equipment conforms to EN 60215, EN 60950 and UL/CSA 60950. The optical interfaces conform to EN 60825-1 and EN 60825-2.
7.10.3 RoHS and WEEE compliance

The equipment is compliant to EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) and EU Directive 2002/96/EC (WEEE).
7.10.4 Environmental conditions

Transportation: Storage: ETSI-EN-300-019-1-2, class 2.3, public transportation. (temperature range: -40 C to +70 C). ETSI-EN-300-019-1-1, class 1.2, weather protected, not temperature-controlled storage locations. (temperature range: -40 C to +70 C). Temperature range: -5 C to +50 C. Compliant with ETSI-EN-300-019-1-3, class 3.2, partly temperature controlled locations. Altitude 5000 m/16400 feet
Use:
Indoor mounted units:
Outdoor mounted units: Operational temperature range: -45 C to +55 C. Guaranteed performance in the range: -33 C to +50 C. Humidity 100 % Altitude 5000 m/16400 feet Compliant with ETSI-EN-300-019-1-4, class 4.1, non weather protected locations For temperatures below 0C the equipment must be switched on for at least 10 minutes in order to operate according to the specifications.
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7.11 Mechanical Characteristics 7.11.1 Installation

The equipment is designed to enable easy and quick installation for stationary use in indoor or split mount installations. The indoor systems consisting of a RF channel branching system with XCVRs and IFUs is mounted in a 19 rack. Split Mount systems consist of the indoor mounted IFUs and the outdoor Branching Housing with XCVRs. The connection from IFU to XCVR is with coaxial cable. One cable for each XCVR is used. (i.e. four cables needed for 3+1/4+0 systems). The IFU can be installed as a stand-alone unit, or it can be mounted in a standard 19 rack (Ref. IEC 2972 and IEC 297-3), or in an ETSI standard cabinet (Ref. ETSI EN 300 119). The branching housing is supplied with a mount for a vertical column (=75 or 115 mm).
7.12 Dimensions
IFU and DXC Frame 1 XCVR Branching Housing Incl. XCVR Indoor XCVR shelf: 2 IFU Shelf: 4 IFU Shelf: 4 IFU+DXC Shelf: 444 mm (W) x 225 mm (D) x 44 mm (H), 17.5 x 8.9 x 1.73 218 mm (W) x 125 mm (D) x 230 mm (H), 8.6 x 4.9 x 9.1 600 mm (W) x 632 mm (D) x 519 mm (H), 23.6 x 24.9 x 20.4 481 mm (W) x 231 mm (D) x 308 mm (H), 8.6 x 9.1 x 12.1 481 mm (W) x 233 mm (D) x 88.7 mm (H), 18.9 x 9.2 x 3.5 481 mm (W) x 233 mm (D) x 177.3 mm (H), 18.9 x 9.2 x 7 481 mm (W) x 233 mm (D) x 221.5 mm (H), 18.9 x 9.2 x 8.7
7.13 Weights
IFU: XCVR: Branching Housing (incl. branching for 4 ch) Complete Long Haul system 2 channels 4 channels 6 channels 8 channels 2.5 kg / 5.5 lbs 5.2 kg / 11.5 lbs 50 kg / 110 lbs
45.5 kg/100.5 lbs 60 kg/132 lbs 77 kg/170 lbs 106 kg/234 lbs
The width and depth of the unit are exclusive flanges (mounting brackets) and table studs for free-standing mounting. Special brackets for mounting into different cabinets are available
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7.14 Power supply and consumption

The equipment operates from a battery supply between -40.5 volt and -57 volt, nominally -48 volt DC according to EN 300 132-2. The primary DC-power is supplied to the system through a filtering function that includes input filter to attenuate the common mode noise.
7.14.1 Over voltage protection

The equipment has inverse polarity protection and over voltage protection.
7.14.2 24 Volt DC Adapter

An optional + 24 Volt Adapter is available. Input voltage +20 to +30 volt.
7.14.3 Power Consumption

Average and maximum power consumption for a Long Haul terminal with STM-1/OC-3 interfaces. Measured at -48 Volt DC. Configuration Average Maximum 1+1
137 W 159 W
2+1
205 W 239 W
3+1
270 W 312 W
4+1
340 W 392W
5+1
400 W 465 W
6+1
470 W 546W
7+1
535 W 619 W
Table 7-3 Power consumption terminal Unit

Universal IFU, incl. SU and fans Universal IFU, Radio Interface Unit Line Interface Unit, Electrical or S-1.1 optical Line Interface unit, L-1.1 or L-1.2 optical Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit E1and T1 Interface Unit 3xE3/DS3 Unit Auxiliary Units DXC Unit DXC Frame HP XCVR 4-11 GHz HP/SD XCVR 4-11 GHz SP XCVR 6,7,8,11 GHz
Power Consumption
13 W 7.5 W 5W 2.5 W 4W 10 W 4W 3W 2.5 W 4W 10.5 W 64 W 67 W 57 W
Table 7-4 Maximum power consumption units
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7.15 System Reliability

The MTBF figures are predicted and calculated according to methods in MIL-HDBK-217E including adjustment for experienced field data. MTBF for 1+0 Terminal with Line Interface Unit is about 40 years. Unit name: MTBF, 25 C ambient temp: [Hours] 600 000 1 800 000 3 200 000 5 000 000 1 500 000 5 000 000 5 000 000 2 500 000 5 000 000 5 000 000 1 800 000 5 000 000 5 000 000 5 000 000 1 800 000
Transceiver Unit (XCVR) Universal IFU RIU Supervisory Unit Optical Interface units Electrical STM-1/OC-3 E1/T1 and E3/DS3 Interface Units Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit Wayside Interface Unit EOW and 64 kb/s Units Alarm and Control Unit Power Supply Unit Power & Sync Unit DXC Unit DXC Frame
The Fan unit is a replaceable unit. The unit has three fans, and it is recommended to change the unit when one of the fans fails. Typical ambient Fan in operation MTBF temperature 50 C/ Continuous 36 700 122 F 50 % of time 20 % of time 73 400 183 500 25 C/ 77 F 15 C/ 59 F
Table 7-5 MTBF Figures
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8. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS 8.1 Transmitter Characteristics 8.1.1 Nominal Output Power

Typical values in dB measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point A Tolerance is 1.5 dB. For RF-Branching loss see chapter 9.2 Frequency band: [GHz]
155 Mbit/s@28MHz 128 MLCM ACAP 155 Mbit/s@28MHz 128MLCM ACCP 155 Mbit/s@40MHz 64MLCM
4
+30 +30 +30
5
+31 +31 +31
L6
+31 +31 -
U6
+31 +31 +31
7
+30 +30 -
8
+30 +30 +30
10
+28 +28 -
11
+28 +28 +28
Table 8-1 Nominal output power Long Haul System, 155 Mbit/s
8.1.2 Automatic/Manual Power Control (ATPC/MTPC)

ATPC is an optional feature, which is aimed to drive the TX power amplifier output level from a proper minimum, which is calculated to facilitate the radio network planning and is used in the case of normal propagation, up to a maximum value, which is given in Chapter 3.3.1. When ATPC is disabled (i.e. MTPC mode), the output power can be set by the user. ATPC-figures: Transmitter power output regulation speed > 50 dB/s Typical ATPC-range 20-25 dB Guaranteed ATPC-range 20 dB Nominal input level is adjustable by the user. Adjustment range: -30 dBm to -60 dBm
Configurable Coordinated/Default Output Power and 5 min alarm for exceeded level supported. In Hot Standby configuration it is recommended to use simultaneous switching of TX and Rx side within a terminal, when ATPC is enabled. MTPC figures: Typical MTPC range Range with ETSI mask compliance 1 5-11 GHz HP Long Haul Systems Step size: Accuracy: Ref Corresponding Output Power Tolerance 20-25 dB 15 dB 0.1 dB
8.1.3 TX oscillator frequency tolerance

Frequency tolerance: 5 ppm.
For compliance to optional ETSI mask requirement of -60 dBc in frequency bands from 5-8GHz, the MTPC range is 10 dB.
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8.2 Receiver Characteristics 8.2.1 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mbit/s@28 MHz- ACAP
Typical values in dB measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point A. Guaranteed value is +3 dB. For RF-Branching loss see chapter 9.2 Frequency band: [GHz]
BER SES BER 10-6 [dBm] BER 10-8 [dBm] BER 10-10 [dBm]
4
-74.5 -74 -72.5 -71
5
-74.5 -74 -72.5 -71
L6
-74.5 -74 -72.5 -71
U6
-74.5 -74 -72.5 -71
7
-74.5 -74 -72.5 -71
8
-74.5 -74 -72.5 -71
10/11
-74 -73.5 -72 -70.5
Table 8-2 Receiver threshold, 155 Mbit/s
8.2.2 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mbit/s@28 MHz-ACCP

Typical values measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point A. Guaranteed value is +3 dB. For RF-Branching loss see chapter 9.2 Frequency band: [GHz]
4
-73.5 -73 -71 -69
5
-73.5 -73 -71 -69
L6
-73.5 -73 -71 -69
U6
-73.5 -73 -71 -69
7
-73.5 -73 -71 -69
8
-73.5 -73 -71 -69
10/11
-72 -72.5 -70.5 -68.5
8.2.3 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mbit/s@40 MHz ACCP & ACAP

Typical values measured with modulation (PRBS-data). Ref. Point A. Guaranteed value is +3 dB. For RF-Branching loss see chapter 9.2 Frequency band: [GHz]
4
-77.5 -77 -76 -75
5
-77.5 -77 -76 -75
U6
-77.5 -77 -76 -75
8
-77.5 -77 -76 -75
11
-76.5 -76 -75 -74
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8.2.4 Maximum input level

Maximum input signal levels in point A (measured with PRBS of 223-1). These limits apply without interference:
Frequency band: [GHz] BER 10-6 [dBm] BER 10-8 [dBm] BER 10-10 [dBm] 4-11 -19 -21 -23
Table 8-5 Maximum input signal level
8.2.5 RX oscillator frequency tolerance

Frequency tolerance: 5 ppm
8.2.6 Noise Figure

Ref. Point A. Typical Values. Guaranteed value is 1 dB higher
Frequency band: [GHz] Noise figure F [dB] 4 2.9 5 2.9 L6 2.9 U6 2.9 7 2.9 8 2.9 10 3.4 11 3.4
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8.3 System Characteristics 8.3.1 System Gain Long Haul System

Typical values @ BER 10-6 - ref point A-A [dB] System Capacity / Frequency band: [GHz]
155 Mbit/s@28MHz 128MLCM ACAP 155 Mbit/s@28MHz 128MLCM ACCP 155 Mbit/s@40MHz 64MLCM
4
104 103 107
5
105 104 108
L6
105 104 -
U6
105 104 108
7
104 103 -
8
104 103 107
10
101.5 100.5 -
11
101.5 100.5 104
Table 8-6 System gain high power
8.3.2 System Signature

The equipment includes an Adaptive Time Domain Equaliser (ATDE). Delay 6.3 ns. BER: 10-6. The limits are valid for both minimum and non-minimum phase. Capacity and Channel BW
155 Mbit/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACAP 155 Mbit/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACCP 155 Mbit/s@40MHz (64 MLCM) Typical values Width [MHz] 10.5 10.5 12 Depth [dB] 23.5 22.5 25 SF 1.4 1.6 1.3 DFM [dB] 51 49.5 52
Table 8-7 System signature
8.3.3 Interference sensitivity

8.3.3.1 Co-channel interference sensitivity The table is giving maximum C/I values for 1 dB and 3 dB increase of the 10-6 BER threshold as given in 8.2.1 to 8.2.3. Guaranteed C/I at BER = 10-6 System @ RSL Degradation [dB] 1 dB 3 dB
155 Mbit/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACAP 155 Mbit/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACCP 155 Mbit/s@40MHz (64 MLCM) 31.5 32.5 28 27.5 28.5 24
Table 8-8 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity
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8.3.3.2 Adjacent channel interference sensitivity The table is giving maximum C/I values for 1 dB and 3 dB increase of the 10-6 BER threshold as given in 8.2.1 to 8.2.3. System Capacity and Channel BW
155 Mbit/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACAP 155 Mbit/s@28MHz (128 MLCM) ACCP 155 Mbit/s@40MHz (64 MLCM)
Guaranteed C/I at BER = 10-6 @ RSL Degradation [dB] 1 dB degr.

-7 -17 -24
3 dB degr.
-11 -21 -27
Table 8-9 Adjacent Interference Sensitivity
8.3.4 Receiver image rejection

The image rejection is >= 120 dB if image(s) frequency falls within transmit half band. The image rejection is >= 100 dB if image(s) frequency falls within receive half band.
8.3.5 Spurious emissions

8.3.5.1 Transmitter spurious emissions - external ETSI: The equipment complies with EN 302 217-2-2. This implies to meet the limits given in EN 301 390. FCC/ANSI: The equipment complies with FCC 47 CFR 101.111. 8.3.5.2 Transmitter spurious emissions - internal For spurious signals within the receiver half band, the level of all spurious signals, both discrete CW and noise-like, evaluated as total signal level shall be less than -90 dBm. 8.3.5.3 Receiver spurious emissions - external ETSI: The equipment complies with EN 302 217-2-2. This implies to meet the limits given in EN 301 390. FCC/ANSI: The power of the emission in a reference bandwidth of 1 MHz shall be less than -13 dBm. 8.3.5.4 Receiver spurious emissions - internal Applicable to interference on the same local branching system. For spurious signals within the same receive half band, the level of all spurious signals, both discrete CW and noise-like, evaluated as total signal level is less than -110 dBm.
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9. BRANCHING AND WAVEGUIDE INTERFACE

The branching system contains channel filters and circulators connecting from one to ten channels to one antenna. For larger configurations the branching is normally split and dual polarised antennas are used. One part connects to the horizontal and one to the vertical port antenna port. The branching flanges and loss are the same for both indoor and split mount configurations.
9.1 Terminal waveguide interface

Frequency band [GHz]
RF Branching Flange Types Matching Flanges Matching Waveguide
4
PDR40 PDR40/ CPR229G R40 / WR229
5
PDR48 PDR48 / CPR187G R48 / WR187
L6/U6
PDR70 PDR70 / CPR137G R70 / WR137
7/8
PDR84 PDR84 / CPR112G R84 / WR112
10/11
PDR100 PDR100 / CPR90G R100 / WR90
Table 9-1 Long Haul Branching flanges and waveguide
9.2 Branching loss

Total branching loss in dB from Tx port A to Rx port A. Including RF-filter and branching circulator loss. Guaranteed values. Freq [GHz] 4 5 L6 U6 U6 7 8 10 11 BW [MHz] ~28 40 ~28 40 ~28 ~28 40 ~28 ~28 40 ~28 ~28 40 # of Channels on common polarisation 1
3.8 3.0 3.8 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.4 5.4 6.0 5.2 6.2 6.8 5.8
2
4.2 3.4 4.2 3.4 4.4 5.4 4.8 5.8 6.4 5.6 6.6 7.2 6.2
3
4.6 3.8 4.6 3.8 4.8 5.8 5.2 6.2 6.8 6.0 7.0 7.6 6.6
4
5.0 4.2 5.0 4.2 5.2 6.2 5.6 6.6 7.2 6.4 7.4 8.0 7.0
5
5.4 4.6 5.4 4.6 5.6 6.6 6.0 7.0 7.6 6.8 7.8 8.4 7.4
6
5.8 5.0 5.8 5.0 6.0 7.0 6.4 7.4 8.0 7.2 8.2 8.8 7.8
7
6.2 5.4 6.2 5.4 6.4 7.4 6.8 7.8 8.4 7.6 8.6 9.2 8.2
8
6.6 5.8 6.6 5.8 6.8 7.8 7.2 8.2 8.8 8.0 9.0 9.6 8.6
Table 9-2 Total filter and branching loss Additional HSB splitter loss. Frequency band: [GHz]
HSB asymmetrical. Splitter port A HSB asymmetrical. Splitter port B
5
2.0 7.5
L6
2.0 7.5
U6
2.0 7.5
7
2.3 7.5
8
2.3 7.5
10
2.8 8.2
11
2.8 8.2
Table 9-3 HSB Splitter loss
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9.2.1 RF filter loss

Tx(A-B) or Rx(B-A) filter loss. Guaranteed figures Frequency band: [GHz]
28 MHz Filter 40 MHz Filter
4
1.6 1.2
5
1.6 1.2
L6
1.7 -
U6
2.2 1.9
7
2.4 -
8
2.7 2.3
10
2.8 -
11
3.1 2.6
Table 9-4 RF Filter loss
9.2.2 Branching circulator loss B-B

Circulator and filter reflection loss from point B- B. Guaranteed figures. # of Channels on common polarisation 1 Insertion loss B-B
0.6
2
1.0
3
1.4
4
1.8
5
2.2
6
2.6
7
3.0
8
3.4
Table 9-5 Branching circulator loss
9.3 RF-input return loss

RF-input return loss, within the RF-channel bandwidth, at point CC: > 24 dB (measured at the subrack antenna interface).
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10. IFU-XCVR INTERFACE FOR SPLIT MOUNT

For Long Haul Split mount one coaxial cable is needed between each RIU and XCVR.
10.1 Cable interface characteristics

The following signals are transmitted via the cable: Transmit and Receive data signal. Power to the XCVR. IFU - XCVR Communication (IO-Com) for configuration and control of the XCVR. The cable interface has over-voltage, over-current and reverse polarity protection. The equipment compensates automatically for different cable lengths in n+1 systems.
10.2 Cable characteristics

The cable must be in accordance with the following requirements: Characteristic impedance: 50 3 Maximum attenuation at 47 MHz: 9 dB Maximum attenuation at 140 MHz: 18 dB Maximum attenuation at 373 MHz: 27 dB Maximum cable length: 300 m Connector: TNC, male
Cable Type HPL 50-3/8XF (Acome) Cinta CNT 400 () (Andrew) Heliax LDF1-50. () (Andrew) Cellflex LCF 14-50J() (RFS) Heliax LDF2-50. (3/8) (Andrew) Cellflex LCF 38-50J (3/8) (RFS) RG214/U RGC213-50J RG223/U
XCVR Type and Minimum supply voltage HP XCVR HP XCVR SP XCVR 40.5 Volt 42 Volt 40.5 volt 100 150 150 150 200 200 150 200 200 150 200 200 200 300 300 200 300 300 150 150 150 100 150 150 40 50 50
Table 10-1 Recommended Cable lengths, IFU-XCVR cable
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11. RADIO PROTECTION SWITCHING (RPS) 11.1 General

In order to facilitate switching without introducing bit-errors, a hitless switching system is provided. The protection switching system continuously monitors the quality of the traffic channels and automatically replaces a faulty channel by the standby channel at traffic disturbance. All channels can be enabled/disabled for different maintenance purposes. Manual switching is also available, both hitless and forced and is performed from the WEB Interface.
11.2 N+1 Radio protection switching

The n+1 Radio Protection Switching function is capable to handle system configurations from 1+1 up to 7+1. In this mode the radio channels share one protection channel, priority can be configured for each radio channel. The DCC channel is transmitted on channel P and 1, SOH insert traffic is protected together with the main traffic.
SOH insert ch = 1.5/2 Mb/s Wayside and 3x64 kb/s channels in SDH/SONET overhead
Figure 11-1 n+1 Radio Protection system
11.2.1 Low Priority Traffic - LPT

The protection channel can in n+1 mode be utilized with low priority traffic. It can be configured with STM-1/OC-3 LIU, Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit or with 100 Mbit/s Ethernet using the Ethernet Mapper at the Supervisory Unit. The LPT function is not available for double terminals or nodes with 1+1 configuration.
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11.3 HSB and 1+1 Protection switching

In Hot Standby mode only one transmitter is active, the other transmitter is standby. Both receivers are active and hitless switching is performed. The TX- and RX- switching at a terminal normally operates independently, but they may be configured to operate together. In 1+1 frequency diversity mode both transmitters are active transmitting at different frequencies. LPT is not supported in 1+1 mode only in n+1. See chapter 11.2.1 HSB and 1+1 configurations can be used in repeaters and node configurations.
11.4 Alignment specification and switching time

Automatic synchronization of the incoming digital signals is performed before switching takes place. The alignment is based on bit-aligning of the datastream. Receiver switching time, not including alarm detection time. 1+1 Radio Protection Systems (without Low Priority Traffic): < 3,5 ms N+1 Radio Protection Systems (including 1+1 with Low Priority Traffic): < 10 ms
11.5 Switching criteria

The automatic switch criteria are grouped into a quality group and a continuity group. The quality type criteria will request an error free switchover while the continuity type criteria will request unconditional (forced) switchover.
11.5.1 Quality criteria

LBER EW RPS optimised Low_RF Bit Error Rate exceeds a value of approx. 10-6 (configurable) Bit Error Rate exceeds a value of approx. 10-10 (configurable) Switching initiated before EW Receiver RF input level is below a set threshold.
The BER quality criteria are based on signal to noise ratio.
11.5.2 Continuity criteria

Receiver alarms HBER Bit Error Rate exceeds a value of approx. 10-3 (configurable) Rx Alarm (LOF, LOC) Demodulator sync loss Transmitter RIU Tx Alarm Radio Tx Alarm Line Interface alarm (in HSB dual baseband configuration )
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12. PHYSICAL INTERFACES 12.1 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s electrical

Electrical interface according to ITU-T Rec. G.703: Bitrate: Line code: Impedance: Maximum attenuation of input signal at 78 MHz: Connector type: 155.520 Mbit/s 20 ppm CMI 75 unbalanced 12.7 dB DIN47297, 1.0/2.3mm, dual (IEC 60169-29)
12.2 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s optical - Intermediate Reach

Optical interface based on single mode fibre (G.652 single mode). According to ITU-T Rec. G.957; S-1.1 and ANSI: T1.105.06; IR-1 Approximate reach: 15 km Bitrate: Operating wavelength range: Source type: Mean launched power: - Maximum: - Minimum: Minimum receiver sensitivity (BER < 10-10): Minimum receiver overload: Connector type: 155.520 Mbit/s 20 ppm 1261 - 1360 nm MLM -8 dBm -15 dBm -28 dBm -8 dBm LC Duplex
12.3 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s optical - Long Reach 1300nm

Optical interface based on single mode fibre (G.652 single mode). Approximate reach: 40 km According to ITU-T Rec. G.957; L-1.1 and ANSI: T1.105.06-1996; LR-1 Bitrate: Operating wavelength range: Source type: Mean launched power: - Maximum: - Minimum: Minimum receiver sensitivity (BER < 10-10): Minimum receiver overload: Connector type: 155.520 Mbit/s 20 ppm 1263 - 1360 nm MLM 0 dBm -5dBm - 34 dBm -10 dBm LC Duplex
12.4 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s optical - Long Reach 1500nm

Optical interface based on single mode fibre (G.652 single mode). Approximate reach: 80 km According to ITU-T Rec. G.957; L-1.2 and ANSI: T1.105.06-1996; LR-2 Bitrate: 155.520 Mbit/s 20 ppm Operating wavelength range: 1480 - 1580 nm Source type: SLM Mean launched power: - Maximum: 0 dBm - Minimum: -5dBm -34 dBm Minimum receiver sensitivity (BER < 10-10): Minimum receiver overload: -10 dBm Connector type: LC Duplex
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12.5 Interface characteristics 155 Mbit/s optical Multi Mode

Optical interface based on 62.5/125 m multi mode fibre (G.951). According to ANSI: T1.105.06 and T1.646; SR-0 Bitrate: 155.520 Mbit/s 20 ppm Operating wavelength range: 1270 - 1380 nm Source type: LED Mean launched power: - Maximum: -14 dBm - Minimum: -20 dBm Minimum receiver sensitivity (BER < 10-10): -30 dBm Minimum overload: -14 dBm Connector type: LC Duplex
12.6 Interface characteristics 622 Mbit/s optical - Intermediate Reach

Optical interface based on single mode fibre (G.652 single mode). According to ITU-T Rec. G.957; S-4.1 and ANSI T1.105.06; IR-1 Approximate reach: 15 km Bitrate: 622.080 Mbit/s 20 ppm Operating wavelength range: 1293 1334 / 1274 - 1356 nm Source type: MLM Mean launched power: - Maximum: -8 dBm - Minimum: -15 dBm -28 dBm Minimum receiver sensitivity (BER < 10-10): Minimum receiver overload: -8 dBm Connector type: LC Duplex
12.7 Jitter and Wander STM-N/OC-N traffic interfaces

Jitter and wander specifications are according to ITU-T Rec. G.783.
12.8 Interface characteristics 1.5 Mbit/s

Electrical interface according to ANSI T1.102-1993 and ITU-T Rec. G.703: Bitrate: 1.544 Mbit/s 32 ppm Line code: B8ZS or AMI (wayside) Impedance: 100 balanced. Line Build Out [feet]: 0-133, 133-266, 266-399, 399-533, & 533-655 Connector type wayside: RJ-45/RJ48C Connector type tributaries: 50 pin multiconnector Jitter and wander specification ITU-T Rec. G.824 and Bellcore GR-499-CORE
12.9 Interface characteristics 2 Mbit/s

Interface parameters according to ITU-T Rec. G.703: Bitrate: 2.048 Mbit/s 50 ppm Line code: HDB3 Impedance: 120 balanced Maximum attenuation of input signal at 1.024 MHz: 6 dB Connector type wayside: RJ-45/RJ48C Connector type tributaries: 50 pin multiconnector Jitter and wander specifications are according to ITU-T Rec. G.823
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Interface parameters according to ITU-T Rec. G.703: Bitrate: 34.368 Mbit/s 20 ppm Line code: HDB3 Impedance: 75 unbalanced Maximum attenuation of input signal at 17.184 MHz: 12 dB Connector type: DIN47297, 1.0/2.3mm, dual (IEC 60169-29) Jitter and wander specifications are according to ITU-T Rec. G.783.

Electrical interface according to ANSI Recommendation T1.102-1993 Bitrate: 44.736 Mbit/s 20 ppm Line code: B3ZS Impedance: 75 unbalanced Power level: -4.7 to +3.6 dBm for AIS signal Connector type: DIN47297, 1.0/2.3mm, dual (IEC 60169-29) Jitter and wander specifications are according to ITU-T Rec. G.783.
12.12 2.048 MHz synchronisation input/output characteristics

Electrical interface according to ITU-T Rec. G.703: Frequency: Impedance: Return loss (2.048 MHz): Pulse amplitude (2MHz output): Maximum Minimum Maximum attenuation of input signal at 1.024 MHz: Connector type: 2.048 MHz 4.6 ppm* 120 balanced. 15 dB 1.9 V 1.0 V 6 dB RJ-45
Actual output frequency is depending on the synchronisation source accuracy.
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12.13 Ethernet Interfaces 12.13.1 10/100 BASE-TX

Connector type: RJ-45 Electrical interface: IEEE 802.3 Full Duplex The interfaces are configurable by management software. Can be configured to Auto-Negotiation, 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX, half or full duplex.
12.13.2 1000 BASE-T

Connector type: RJ-45 Electrical interface: IEEE 802.3 Full Duplex The interfaces are configurable by management software. The port is configurable to Auto-Negotiation, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, or 1000 BASE-T.
12.13.3 1000 BASE-LX

1.25 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Transceiver (SFP Module) for Single Mode Fibre Specification: IEEE 802.3z/ab Operating wavelength range: 1310 nm Typical reach 10 km Connector type: LC Duplex
12.13.4 1000 BASE-SX

1.25 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Transceiver (SFP Module) for Multi Mode Fibre Specification: IEEE 802.3z/ab Operating wavelength range: 850 nm Typical reach 500 m Connector type: LC Duplex
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12.14 Auxiliary interfaces 12.14.1 64 kb/s channel characteristics

Interface alternatives: 64kb/s according to ITU-T G.703, Co-directional timing 64kb/s according to ITU-T G.703, Contra-directional timing 64kb/s according to ITU-T V.11, Contra-directional timing without byte timing Connector type: RJ-45
12.14.2 Service telephone/Orderwire interfaces

The unit has four RJ-45 connectors, one for handset and three for analogue connections (east/west bridging). Telephone connector type: RJ-45 (IEC 60603-7) The performance of the service telephone complies in general with ITU-T Rec. G.712: Code: PCM Signalling: DTMF according to ITU-T Rec. Q.23 Frequency range: 0.3 3.4 kHz Impedance 600 The unit has three 4-wire analogue interfaces for connection to other service channel equipment: OE1 and OE2 Interfaces: Not Galvanic Isolated. Input/output level 4 Wire Interface: Galvanic Isolated Input/output level:
-6 dBm
4 dBm, 0 dBm -6 dBm (Nominal) and -10 dBm.
The EOW is transported in one of the two available 64 kb/s channels.
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12.14.3 Alarm and Control Interfaces

The unit has four RJ45 connectors. Transient protection: Amplitude: Transient protection: Duration: External alarm input interfaces: Number: Interface: State on: State off: Relay output interfaces: Number: Contact Ratings Inductive Load: Resistive Load: Analogue Input Interfaces: Number 4 inputs: 2 inputs: 1 input: < 100 V < 10 ms, non-repetitive Eight two-pin interfaces. Galvanic isolated. Current loop > 3.0 mA < 1.0 mA Four two-pin outputs. 0.5A at 24V DC 0.1A at 110V DC 0.8A at 24V DC 0.1A at 110V DC Seven single ended inputs, common analogue ground. Not galvanic isolated. Voltage Range: 0-20V DC Impedance >100k ohm Voltage Range: 18-65V DC Impedance >100k ohm Current Range: 0-50 mA Impedance 50ohm
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13. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 13.1 General

The powerful integrated supervisory system of Evolution Series provides user-access to the NEs in a most dynamic manner. The management function in the NE can be accessed by the use of a web-browser or by a SNMP manager such as the NERAs management system NetMaster. The management traffic is IP protocol based. A NE is controlling all the units connected to a specific node with a common supervisory unit. The NE software performs the following management tasks: Collecting and logging of alarms and analogue measurements from the management units connected to the Node. Performance management: Collecting and logging quality measurements according to standards (G.784) Configuration management: Configuration of node (including configuration up/download) and Software download Security management: Configuration of user id/password and the users privileges in the NE. Includes logging in NE of user actions. Fault management:
13.2 Event logging

Evolution Series NEs can log events and faults in the local fault log. The log size is 10.000 events. The log can be set to wrap-around or halt when it is full. Alarm logging can be masked based on severity level. An operator (with administrator privileges) can also clear the log.
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13.3 Monitoring of system performance

Transmission performance data is monitored continuously by the built-in supervision function. The supervision function performs measurements and calculations based on the parity bits in the SOH/TOH. Traffic bit error rate information from the modem is also available. Ethernet RMON counters are registered and presented at the WEB interface.
13.3.1 System performance calculations

Performance data are based on the ITU-T Rec. G.826 system performance parameters. The following system quality calculations are included: Error Second Ratio (ESR) Severely Error Second Ratio (SESR) Background Block Error Ratio (BBER) Unavailable state (UAS)
13.3.2 Performance record logging

Performance logging can be activated for individual signals, one at a time. 15-min, 24-hour and month records are calculated. The log contains the current and last month, current and last 24-hour and current and the sixteen last 15-min records. Threshold values can be defined each of the performance records and a performance alarm will be raised if the threshold is exceeded for any of the periods. In addition cumulative error counters for parity pulses are available. The operator can read and reset the counters.
13.4 Security management

The user must have a username and password defined in the NE in order to log in. Each user name is defined with access privileges. Four levels are defined; User level Privileges Passive Users Passive users are only able to monitor data. They are not able to change any configuration. Active Users Same as Passive. In addition active users are able to reset counters. Master Users Master users have access to all commands, except those related to user account administration and Configuration/SW download. Admin Users Admin users have access to all commands. The Admin user is the administrator and is responsible for adding, deleting and managing user accounts and privileges. In addition the admin user is responsible for Configuration/SW download.
13.4.1 Security event logging

The NE can log events related to security. The log size is 1000 events. When it is full it will wrap-around. The operator (with administrator privileges) can also clear the log.
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13.5 Management system communication

Access to the management is from the Ethernet port(s) at the SU. The SU can be set up with one or two dedicated ports for management access. The management traffic to other terminals is transmitted over the DCC channel in the NOH and the IP router handles the routing An alternative is to use the Ethernet switch in the SU, configure the Wayside channel for Ethernet and transport the management traffic over the Wayside channel. SU version D has VLAN support and a dedicated VLAN can be used for management traffic.
13.5.1 Management LAN interface

Two 10/100BASE-TX interfaces, IEEE 802.3 Full Duplex. Connector type: RJ-45
13.6 IP routing
The routing function enables routing of TCP/IP and UDP/IP traffic between the management module of the NE, the Management Ethernet interface, the DCC channels and the 64 kb/s PtP channels. The routing protocol used is OSPF/RIP2. Both Evolution Series management traffic as well as other telecom equipment IP based management protocols can be routed. There are both external and internal interfaces to the management module. The internal interfaces are used in a DCN to create communication links between NEs and/or the management centre/network operator.
Supervisory Unit Management
IP Router
Management Ports
LCT USB
MGN LAN1
MGN LAN2 64 kb/s 64 kb/s
DCC Dir1
DCC Dir2
DCC Dir3
DCC Dir4
DCC channels in Radio Link Overhead
64 kb/s external PtP Channels E-Line PtP Connection via Gbe Unit
Eth Gbe
Ext. Intf.
Ext. Intf.
OH Byte
OH Byte
64 kb/s PtP Channels in OH towards Radio or STM-1/OC-3 Line
External interfaces
Internal channels
Figure 13-1 IP Router Overview
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13.6.1 Data Communication Channel DCC

Each radio frame contains a dedicated DCC channel for communication with the remote site. The capacity of the DCC channel is 256 kb/s. In an n+0 or n+1 configuration the DCC is transported on Ch 1 and Ch2/p
13.6.2 64 kb/s point to point channels

64 kb/s channels can be used to set up communication links between terminals without direct connection. They can also be used to make direct overhead connections to remote sites. This can be useful in a large network to avoid long routing paths. The feature requires 64 kb/s adapter. The following options are possible. 64 kb/s channel in overhead byte towards radio 64 kb/s channel in overhead byte towards STM-1/OC-3 Line 64 kb/s external channel
13.6.3 DCN network

In this network the management traffic is logically and if needed also physically separated from the user traffic. Figure 13-2 illustrates use of the different communication channels is the network.
Figure 13-2 Data Communication Network
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13.7 Embedded SNMP agent

The embedded SNMP agent supports the following management functions. Basic monitoring of network and interface parameters Fault Management Supports enumeration of possible alarms, current alarm table and historic alarms (log). Trap support included. Analogue measurements Received signal level. Performance measurements SNMP version 2 and 3 is supported. SNMP version 3 requires license.
13.7.1 Standard MIBs Supported

rfc1213 mib-2 rfc2737 entity-mib rfc2819 - rmon mib
13.8 SSL
Secure Socket Layer for encryption of management traffic between element (server) and computer (client) is supported. License is required.
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14. REFERENCES
Document code:
ETSI EN 301 489-4 V1.4.1 (200208) ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 V2.1.4 (2003-04) ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 V2.1.4 (2003-04) ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 V2.1.2 (2003-04) ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 V2.1.2 (2003-04) ETSI EN 300 132-2 V2.1.2 (200309) ETSI EN 302 217-1 V1.1.3 (200412) ETSI EN 302 217-2-1 V1.2.1 (2007-06) ETSI EN 302 217-2-2 V1.2.3 (2007-09) CENELEC EN 60950: 2000 CENELEC EN 60215: 1989 CENELEC EN 60825-1 1994 CENELEC EN 60825-2 2000 ITU-R Rec. F.746-7 (2003)
ITU-R Rec. F.382-7 (1997-09) ITU-R Rec. F.635-6 (2001)
Title/Description:
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 4: Specific conditions for fixed radio links and ancillary equipment and services. For grade B equipment Classification of environmental conditions; Storage. Class 1.2, weather protected Classification of environmental conditions; Transportation. Class 2.3, public transportation Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at weather protected locations. Class 3.2, partly temperature controlled locations Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at non-weather protected locations Equipment Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to telecommunication equipment; Part 1: Interface operated by Direct Current (DC) Overview and system-independent common characteristics System-dependent requirements for digital systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination is applied Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for digital systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination is applied Safety of information technology equipment Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment Safety of laser products, Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and users guide Safety of laser products, Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed service systems
Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 2 and 4 GHz bands Radio-frequency channel arr. based on a homogenous pattern for radio-relay systems operating in the 4 GHz band
ITU-R Rec. F.1099-3 (1999) ITU-R Rec. F.383-7 (2001) ITU-R Rec. F.384-8 (2004-01) ITU-R Rec. F.385-8 (2005) ITU-R Rec. F.386-6 (1999-02) ITU-R Rec. F.387-9 (2002-05) ITU-R Rec. F.497-6 (1999) ITU-R Rec. F.636-3 (1994) ITU-R Rec. F.595-8 (2003-02) ITU-R Rec. F.637-3 (1999) ITU-R Rec. F.748-4 (2001) ITU-R F.1520-2 (2003-02) ITU-R Rec. F.749-2 (2001)
Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity radio-relay systems operating in the 5 GHz (4 400-5 000 MHz) band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity radio-relay systems operating in the lower 6 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the upper 6 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 7 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the 8 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 11 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 13 GHz frequency band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 15 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 18 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 23 GHz band Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 25, 26, and 28 GHz bands Radio-frequency arrangements for systems in the fixed service operating in the band 31.8-33.4 GHz Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems operating in the 38
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ITU-R Rec. F.750-4 (2000-05) ITU-T Rec. G.703 (11/2001) ITU-T Rec. G.707/Y.1322 (02/2006) ITU-T Rec. G.783 (2004) ITU-T Rec. G.823 (03/2000) ITU-T Rec. G.825 (03/2000) ITU-T Rec. G.826 (02/1999) ITU-T Rec. G.828 (03/2000) ITU-T Rec. G.921 (11/1988) ITU-T Rec. G.957 (06/1999) ITU-T Rec. G.958 (11/1994) ITU-T G.7041 / Y.1303 (08/05) ITU-T G.7042 / Y.1305 (03/06) ETSI TR 101 036-1 V1.3.1 (200208)
GHz band Architectures and functional aspects of radio-relay systems for synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)-based network Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional blocks. The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH). Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate synchronous digital paths Digital Sections based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy. Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on optical fiber cable Generic framing procedure (GFP) Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) for virtual concatenated signals
Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point equipment; Generic wordings for standards on digital radio systems characteristics; Part 1: General aspects and point-to-point equipment parameters CEPT/ERC Rec. 74-01 E (2002-10) Spurious Emissions
CEPT/ERC Rec. 12-08 E Harmonized radio frequency channel arrangements and block allocations for low, medium and high capacity systems in the band 3600 to 4200 MHz
CEPT/ERC Rec 14-01 E (1996-08) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity analogue and digital radiorelay systems operating in the band 5925 MHz 6425 MHz CEPT/ERC Rec 14-02 E (1996-08) Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high capacity digital radiorelay systems operating in the band 6425 MHz 7125 MHz CEPT/ECC Rec 02-06 (2002-08) Preferred channel arrangement for digital fixed service systems operating in the frequency range 7125-8500 MHz CEPT/ERC Rec. 12-06 E (1996-12) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems operating in the band 10.7 11.7 GHz CEPT /ERC/REC 12-02 (1996-08) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for analogue and digital terrestrial fixed systems operating in the band 12.75 GHz to 13.25 GHz CEPT/ERC/REC 12-07 E (1996-08) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems operating in the bands 14.5 - 14.62 GHz paired with 15.23 - 15.35 GHz CEPT/ERC/REC 12-03 (1996-08) Harmonised radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems operating in the band 17.7 GHz to 19.7 GHz CEPT T/R 13-02 (1994-02) Preferred channel arrangements for fixed services in the range 22.0-29.5 GHz IEC 297-2 Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 486.6mm (19in) series: Cabinet and pitches of the rack structures. IEC 297-3 Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 486.6mm (19in) series: Sub-rack and associated plug in units. IEC 60169-16, Ed. 1.0 Radio-frequency connectors. Part 16: R.F. coaxial connectors with inner diameter of outer conductor 7 mm (0.276 in) with screw coupling - Characteristic impedance 50 ohms (75 ohms) IEC 60169-29, Ed. 1.0 Radio-frequency connectors - Part 29: Miniature r.f. coaxial connectors with screw-, push-pull and snap-on coupling or slide-in rack and panel applications; Characteristic impedance 50 ohms IEC 60603-7 (1996) Connectors for electronic equipment - Part 7-1: Detail specification for 8-way, shielded free and fixed connectors with common mating features, with assessed quality IEC 60835-2-8 (1993-05) Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems - Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems - Adaptive equalizer. IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
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ANSI/Industry Canada:
Document code:
Title/Description:
Radio Frequency Channel Plans: FCC 47 CFR Part 101 Fixed Microwave Services SRSP 305.9 Technical Requirements for Line-of-sight Radio Systems Operating in the Fixed Service in the Band 5915 6425 MHz SRSP 306.4 Technical Requirements for Line-of-sight Radio Systems Operating in the Fixed Service in the Band 6425 6930 MHz SRSP 307.1 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-Sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band 7125-7725 MHz SRSP 307.7 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band 7725-8275 MHz SRSP 310.7 Technical Requirements for Fixed Line-of-sight Radio Systems Operating in the Band 10.7-11.7 GHz Electromagnetic Compatibility: FCC 47CFR Part 15 Radio Frequency Devices (EMC regulations) Safety: CAN/CSA 22.2 No. 60950-00 Safety Information processing and business equipment UL 1950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment SONET: ANSI Rec. T1.105 SONET - Basic Description including Multiplex Structure, Rates and Formats ANSI Rec. T1.105.06-1996 Telecommunications-Synchronous Optical Network (SONET): Physical Layer Specifications ANSI Rec. T1.646-1995 Broadband ISDN Physical Layer Specification for User Network Interfaces Including DS1/ATM ANSI T1.102-1993 Digital Hierarchy Electrical Interfaces.
15. TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviation:
ACAP ACCP ADM AIS ALM AP ATDE ATPC AUX BER CCDP C/I CS DCC DF-SP DXC ECC EM EMC EOW EW FSC GFP HBER HSB IFU LAN LBER LCAS LCT LIU LLF
Description:
Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarisation Adjacent Channel Co-Polarisation Add/Drop/Multiplex Alarm Indication Signal External alarm input/output Alternating Polarisation Adaptive Time Domain Equaliser Automatic Transmitter Power Control Auxiliary functions Bit Error Rate Co Channel Dual Polarisation Carrier to Interference ratio Channel Spacing Data Communications Channel Dual Frequency Single Polarisation Digital Cross Connect Embedded Control Channel Element Manager Electro Magnetic Compatibility Engineering Order Wire Early Warning Frame Check Sum (CRC) Generic Framing Procedure High Bit Error Rate HotStandBy InterFace Unit Local Area Network port (10/100BASE-TX Ethernet) Low Bit Error Rate Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme Local Craft Terminal Line Interface Unit Link-Loss Failure
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Abbreviation:
LOF LOS MDS MLM MTBF NMS NOH OC-3 ODU OOF PDH PFI PRBS PXC PWR RIU RF ROHS RPS RX SERV SDH SETS SF-DP SNCP SNMP SONET SPE STM-1 SU SVCE TCP/IP TX USB VCAT WEEE XCVR XIF XPIC
Description:
Loss Of Frame Loss Of Signal Main Data Switch Multi-Longitudinal Mode Mean Time Between Failure Network Management System Nera OverHead Optical Carrier level 3 = 155Mbit/s (OC-1 level 1 = 51.84 Mbit/s) OutDoor Unit Out Of Frame Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Payload FCS Indicator Pseudo Random Bit Sequence PDH-X-Connect Power Supply Radio Interface Unit Radio Frequency Restriction on Hazardous Substances Radio Protection Switching Receiver Service function (plug-in unit) Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Synchronous Equipment Timing Source Single Frequency - Dual Polarisation Sub Network Connection Protection Simple Network Management Protocol Synchronous Optical Network Synchronous Payload Envelope Synchronous Transport Module, 1 means the lowest defined data rate = 155.520 Mbit/sec Supervisory Unit SerVice ChannEl, used to define the voice channel circuit board Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Transmitter Universal Serial Bus Virtual concatenation Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment Transmitter/Receiver XPIC Improvement Factor X-Polar Interference Canceller
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EVOLUTION SERIES
Nera Networks AS Kokstadveien 23 PO Box 7090, N-5020 Bergen, Norway Tel: +47 55 22 51 00 Fax: +47 55 22 52 99 Email: sales-bgo@nera.no www.neraworld.com
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EVOLUTION SERIES

Evolution Series Long Haul

Microwave Radio System

SDH / SONET & Ethernet

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NGP\00328 Rev. A 2010-01-08

Evolution Series Long Haul

Evolution Series Long Haul

NGP\00328 Rev. A 2010-01-08

NGP\00328 Rev. A 2010-01-08

Evolution Series Long Haul

Evolution Series Long Haul

NGP\00328 Rev. A 2010-01-08

NGP\00328 Rev. A 2010-01-08

Evolution Series Long Haul

Evolution Series Long Haul

NGP\00328 Rev. A 2010-01-08

Evolution Series Long Haul

Evolution Series Long Haul

NGP\00328 Rev. A 2010-01-08

1. INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION SERIES

Evolution Series Main Features and Benefits:

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Evolution Series Long Haul

1.1 Technology and Architecture

Evolution Series Long Haul

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2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION EVLOUTION SERIES LONG HAUL 2.1 System Overview

Figure 2-1 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 10+0

Evolution Series Long Haul

Figure 2-2 Long Haul Split Mount outdoor part, 3+1/4+0

2.2 Software Overview

Evolution Series Long Haul

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2.3 Space Diversity

Figure 2-3 2+0 Space Diversity Terminal

2.3.1 Combining principles and performance

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Evolution Series Long Haul

2.4 Modes of operation

Figure 2-4 Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) mode

Figure 2-5 Adjacent Channel Alternate Co-Polarization (ACCP) mode

Figure 2-7 Co-channel operation with XPIC

Evolution Series Long Haul

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2.5 User Interfaces

2.5.1 64 kb/s auxiliary channels and EOW

2.5.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel

2.5.3 External Alarm and Controls

STM-4/OC-12 links with demultiplexing to STM-1/OC-3 requires DXC Frame

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Evolution Series Long Haul

2.6 Branching System

Figure 2-8 Branching Diagrams 1+1/2+0 and 3+1/4+0 Dual Polarized

Figure 2-9 Branching diagrams 7+1/8+0 and 3+1 Space Diversity

Evolution Series Long Haul

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2.7 XPAND Long Haul Terminal

ETH Native mapping Ethernet Packets

Figure 2-10 Scalable frame

2.8 User Interfaces

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Evolution Series Long Haul

3. SDH/SONET FEATURES AND DXC FUNCTIONALITY 3.1 Section Termination