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Lateral earth pressures are a function of type and amount of wall movement movement, shear strength properties properties, weight of soil and drainage
Lateral Earth pressure is a function of wall movement (or relative lateral movement in the backfill soil)
= K o v +u h
For coarse coarse-grained grained soils (Jaky (Jaky, 1944) K0 = 1 sin For fine fine-grained grained, normally consolidated soils (Massarch (Massarch, 1979)
K o (OC ) = K o ( NC C ) OCR
Pc OCR = 'o
2c zc = Ka
+u h = K a v
= v u v u = Pore Pressure
Inclined Backfill:
Ka =
Kp =
1 Ka
Thrust
PA = W + PA1
PA
PA1
H1
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Thrust
c 2 2 cos 2 cos sin + z 1 Ka = 1 2 2 cos c c 2 2 2 2 2 + + 4 cos cos cos 4 cos 8 cos cos sin z z
c 2 2 cos 2 cos sin + z 1 Kp = 1 2 2 cos c c 2 2 2 2 2 + + + 4 cos cos cos 4 cos 8 cos cos sin z z 11
Wall Friction:
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Wall Friction:
13
14
E2 E1
E3 D D3 D1 D2 D4
' =90--
15
= Wall f friction
B
C1
C2 E2
C E E 3
C3
C4
E4
'
D1 =90 + =90D2 D D3
D4
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kv W
kh W
H
: angle of friction between the wall and the backfill Failure surface
PAE
= tan 1
AE
kh ( 1 kv )
and
( )
K AE =
cos 2 ( )
2 2
PAE
sin ( + ) sin ( ) cos cos cos ( + + ) 1 + cos ( + + ) cos ( ) 1 = H 2 ( 1 kv ) K AE Assumed to be acting at H/2. 2
17
kv W
H
kh W
Failure surface
PPE
PE
= tan 1
kh ( 1 kv )
and
( + )
K PE =
cos 2 ( + )
2 2
18