LCM 500

Leakage Current Monitor

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Presented by Michal Slodkiewicz

Overview of presentation

Motivation and background
IEC 60099-5 available diagnostic methods Requirements

LCM 500 unit and attached accessories

Performing self-test of LCM 500 unit Preparation database of surge arrester Grounding of the LCM 500 unit Deployment of LCM 500 accessories during Risk assessment
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measurement on-side

Motivation and background

The MOSA is a cheap and passive component, but protecting crucial apparatus Overlooked despite of severe consequences if it fails MOSAs can age and fail due to a variety of reasons May offer inadequate over voltage protection, especially if the rated voltage is selected to low. Diagnostic indicator: Resistive leakage current increases with time increasing risk of failure

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Why test Metal Oxide Surge Arresters? Utilize the lifetime of the operating MOSAs.

Prevent arrester failures by replacing aged arresters before breakdown.

Avoid disturbances and costly outages of the electric power supply. Reduce the risk for damages to other equipment, for instance transformer bushings. Increase the safety for the utility/maintenance staff.
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Mechanism for degradation of MOSA

Sealing defects Discharging due to surface contamination Overloading Long term aging during normal service

Internal partial discharges

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Degradation of MOSA One consequence of the degradation of the MOSA is an increase with time of the resistive component of the continuous leakage current Increase in resistive leakage current will cause an increase in power losses and hence increased temperature in ZnO-blocks The resistive current may exceed a critical limit where the accumulated energy in the ZnO-blocks exceeds the energy capability of the arrester. The arrester will then get thermally unstable and fail.

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Degradation of MOSA
An arrester failure may appear in different ways:
Arrester with porcelain housing may explode

The arrester can be causing an earth fault due to internal flashover Aged or overloaded arresters may have reduced protection against overvoltages, i.e. it is not protecting the apparatus it is supposed to protect.

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Requirements for surveyed surge arrester

1. Metal Oxide Surge Arrester - MOSA 2. Separate grounding wire 3. Insulated base for each arrester

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Requirements for surveyed surge arrester

Why use insulated base arresters and separate earth leads:

Gives complete control of arrester current leading to the ground

Allows an easy on-line in service condition assessment test of the MOSA. Without insulated base you have to take the arrester out of service for proper condition testing. If a surge counter is present, the clip-on should be placed above the counter to avoid circulating currents from the counter ground loop.

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IEC 60099-5 Part 5 Selection and Application Recommendation

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IEC 60099-5: Available diagnostic methods

Properties of on-site leakage current measurements:

A HV-DC test is effective but off line and complex

Method B2 is ranked to be the best field method for evaluation of ageing and deterioration of MOSA.

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IEC 60099-5: Metal Oxide Surge Arresters

If the MOSA is energized by a pure sinusoidal voltage (fundamental frequency only), the capacitive leakage current will show a fundamental component I1c only, while the resistive leakage current will show both a fundamental component and a 3rd harmonic component (I3r) due to its nonlinear properties. The resistive components are said to be generated by the arrester itself (due to the not linear currentvoltage characteristic) and can therefore be used as a measure for the arrester condition.

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IEC 60099-5: Metal Oxide Surge Arresters

If harmonics are present in the operating voltage, this will generate a significant 3rd harmonic component in the capacitive

leakage current in the arrester.

This capacitive 3rd harmonic component will be added to 3rd harmonic component resistive component and create a measuring error.

the

The LCM 500 uses a compensation method where the capacitive

component generated by the operating voltage is eliminated.

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Typical Voltage - Current Characteristics

The resistive current component: is typically 5-20% of the total

leakage current under normal operating conditions

is a sensitive indicator of

changes in the voltage-current characteristic

temperature

depends on the voltage and

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Equivalent Circuit of ZnO -Varistors

It

Ic 200-3000 A U

Ir 10-600A

Ir=It-Ic

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Leakage Current Measurements

Measurement of the total leakage current example:
I Ir1=10 Ir2=20 I1tot = 100,5 I2total = 102
1

Itot increases with only 1,5% when the resistive vector is doubled This small change in Itot is not measurable at a mAmeter

Ic1= 100
Ic2=100

Usyst

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Recalculation of leakage current

By using arrester system data and measuring the ambient temperature and operating voltage at the same time as the condition monitoring is performed, it is possible to recalculate the leakage current data to a common reference of:

20 C and U/Ur=0.7
The resistive leakage current values will then be approximately the same independent of the test conditions by taking account of the ambient temperature and operating voltage, measurements performed under different conditions can be directly compared, and the measured values will be a reliable indicator of the arrester condition.

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Temperature and system voltage influence

Influence of ambient temperature and system voltage on resistive leakage current.

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LCM 500-Leakage Current Monitor

4 3 2 1 1. LCM500 unit 2. Current Probe 3. Field Probe 4. 12V DC cable

5. Field Rod adapter

6 6. Power supply cable 7 7. Antenna 8. Grounding cable 9. Current loop wire 9 8 10 11 10.USB A+B cabel 11.Field test cable

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LCM 500-Leakage Current Monitor Optional Accessory

Field Probe Rod delivered in separate transport case. Rod is divided on 3 pieces for 1m each piece.
Cannot be used as a Hot Stick!
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LCM 500 Front Panel

Self test Communication ports Light diodes Mains power supply

External DC power sypply Power switch Turning knob Select button

Antenna input Four pushbuttons

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LCD display

LCM 500 Self-test outputs

Self-test outputs - perform function test of internal system
FIELD

Simulated field probe signal to be connected by coaxial cable (type RG58)

V.TRSF Simulated voltage transformer signal to be connected to the voltage transformer adapter (optional accessory) CURRENT By connecting an electrical wire between the two black connectors, a current loop simulating total arrester leakage current is created

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LCM 500 Communication Ports

USB, RS232, Ethernet By connecting data cables to one of above ports, the instrument can communicate with a PC using the enclosed Windows based data management software LCMViewer.

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LCM 500 Wireless probes

1-Field probe FP500 (antenna): Measures the capacitive current from the electric field surrounding the arrestor.

2
2-Clip-on current transformer CCT500: Measures the total current in the grounding cable of surge arrester.

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Performing self-test of LCM 500 Circuit diagram

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Performing self-test of LCM 500

Leakage Current Monitor LCM500 Meas Setup Dbase Test

Measurement System Test Teast : verify system Simul. : generate test signals Test Simul. Main

Measurement System Test Connect antenna to probe Start arrester and test signals before start Main

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Performing self-test of LCM 500

Measurement in progress Aquisition started PLEASE WAIT! >

LCM 500 Measurement System Test Succeeded Start Main

LCM 500 Measurement System Test Failed CONTACT MANUFACTURER Measured: Ir:205 +/- 8A It:332 +/- 5A

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Performing self-test of LCM 500

TROUBLE SHOOTING: - Be sure that all connections between field test cable crocodile clips are fasten properly to Field Probe - Observe that current loop is not in vicinity or not around antenna

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Preparation of surge arrester in LCMViewer

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Preparation of surge arrester in LCMViewer

Define database of your surge arrester and transfer this to the LCM 500, use Add to LCM Queue button. Software automatically will move you to Instrument tab. If you dont know the rated voltage, the software will recommend a proper value based on system voltage and arrester type.

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Preparation of surge arrester in LCMViewer

Use Send Data to LCM button in order send data to LCM 500 instrument.

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Getting connection between PC and LCM500

Go to Instrument=>Setup, Log tab

1. Choose instrument.

correct

ComPort for LCM 500 2. Use Test button to check status of your connection in Log

area.

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Grounding of the LCM 500

The LCM 500 can be grounding in two ways:

1.In laboratory testing or during charging battery by using the power supply cable. Power supply plug has to be connected to the local earth.

2.During field measurements grounding cable has to be connected to local earth system in the substation.

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Grounding of the LCM 500

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Deployment of LCM 500 accessories

1. Gapless MOSA 2. Insulated base 3. Grounding wire
2
The Field Probe should NEVER exceed this limit

4. Clip-on CT500 5. Counter 6. Field probe FP500 7. Arrester pedestal

3
4 5 8 9

8. Field Probe Rod 9. LCM 500 unit

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Deployment of LCM 500 accessories

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LCM 500 Set-up Mode From Main Menu

Leakage Current Monitor LCM500 Meas Setup Dbase Test

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LCM 500 Set-up Mode From Main Menu

Language: only English. Dump mode: ON is for use in
continuous measurements. The measurements will be dumped continuously to the serial port. When a PC with proper software is connected the measurements can be downloaded.

Leanguage : English Dump mode : OFF Time : 10:30:45 Date : 2011.06.14 Backlight : 40 Baudrate : 57600 Serial # : 205039 Netw. Radio

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Main

Time: battery backed real-time clock. Backlight: time in sec. the light in the LCD display is turned on. Baudrate:
baudrate defines the data transfer speed during communication with a PC and can be set to 9600 bit/sec. or 57600 bit/sec.

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LCM 500 Measuring mode

Leakage Current Monitor LCM500 Meas Setup Dbase Test

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LCM 500 Measuring mode

Station/Loc/Arrester: No station chosen No location chosen No arresrer chosen Installation #

Run Auto Setup

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By pressing the MEAS button in the main menu, the screen presented on the left appears.
When database is transferred from the software, you will get access to it in this menu.

Main

If you press Setup in the above menu, you will enter the measuring set-up mode

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LCM 500 Measuring set-up mode

Station/Loc/Arrester: No station chosen No location chosen No arresrer chosen Installation # Run Auto Setup

<

Main

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LCM 500 Measuring set-up mode

Mode Temp Line Transf : 3-phase : Auto 24 C : Man 245 kV : 1:1000 <

Mode: In field test 3-phase mode should be set. 1-phase mode is for use in lab tests. Temp: Choose between manual automatically setting of the temperature. or

Meas

Main

Line: The line-to-line operating voltage. Choose between manual or automatic. Manual setting is the most common. Automatic is for connection to a PT combined with an adapter.

Transf: This ratio defines the voltage divider ratio of the voltage transformer that can be connected for automatic voltage measurements. The ratio can be set from 1:1 up to 1:10000 in steps.

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LCM 500 Auto measurement

Station/Loc/Arrester: No station chosen No location chosen No arresrer chosen Installation # Run Auto Setup

<

Main

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LCM 500 Auto measurement

Auto measurement Start :2011.02.10 < 16:11:25 Interval : 00:00:15 90005 STA A1 PH R Abort Run Main

STA A1 PH R Ir corr. 198A 5A It : 567 A Ir:172A 24 C 68kV AUTO, next measurement 2011.02.10 16:11:40 Abort

Function allows performe long-term monitoring of an surge arrester. The time and date for the first measurements can be set than by press button Run subseqent measurements will begin.

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LCM 500 Perform a Measurement

Station/Loc/Arrester: No station chosen No location chosen No arresrer chosen Installation # Run Auto Setup

<

Main

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LCM 500 Perform a Measurement

If the measurement runs ok, the measuring result will be shown in the LCD display like the example below. 90005 STA A1 PH R Ir corr:

Ircorr-total corrected resistive leakage

Ant. 3rd harm. : It: 587 A Ir: 24 C Run Store New

159A
0.8% 89 A 68 kV Main

current with standard deviation (corrected value with regard to ambient temperature and line voltage).

It-total leakage current Ir-total uncorrected resistive leakage

current.

In addition the ambient temperature and the line voltage used during the measurement are displayed. To save your measurement, press the Store button

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Download the measurements

Go to Instrument=>Measurement from Instrument tab
1. Click LCM 2. Mark to the make Read

Measurements

from
the

transfer take place your than only), Surge use all Arrester (Auto

Apply Measurements performed measurement will be add to existing Surge Arrester data.
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Structure and data analysis

Leakage Current Plot
The LCMViewer lets you create a graphical statistical presentation of your Surge Arrester measurements. Easy way to compare measurements for groups of arressters.

Test Conditions
You can observe factor of temperature, voltage and containing of 3th harmonic from taken measurements.

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Structure and data analysis

Arrester Test Reports

LCMViewer will generate an arrester report in either Excel or pdf files. You can select content of information to be included in the report. You can use your company logo.

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Doble LCM - Your best choice!

You should choose: A simple in-service method Doble LCM takes less then 5 minutes per arrester, in service Reliability method verified by independent sources LCM method recommended by arrester IEC standard Convincing references Developed together with ABB! Now in Siemens surge arrester monitoring catalog!
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Risk Assessment

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Evaluation of the Arrester Condition

Based on the level and development of resistive leakage current Ir over time:
Trend analyses
In general look for increasing trend Perform a baseline reading when the arrester is new. If Ir increases by 34 times(typically), it is indicating severe aging Compare the value to maximum recommended leakage current values given by arrester manufacturers ABB and Siemens provide max values Compare Ir to arresters of same design and type The three phases in a line or bay All similar arresters in the grid Test interval In beginning once a year to get knowledge about trend. Later on each 3-5 year It depends on age of the arresters, the regional lightning activity, the situation of overvoltages, quality of the apparatus etc.
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Eliminating possible sources of error

Some steps to consider in the final evaluation:
1. If total current It and resistive current Ir are unrealistically high: Check if the arrester base and the arrester grounding is in order. Circulating currents??

2. If Ir is higher than expected: Temporary heating of the ZnO-blocks inside?? Consider to retest in approximately 1 day to confirm the value.

If surge counter is present: is the clip-on CT connected above it?

3. If high reading is stable and confirmed, consider monitoring continuously or proceed with step 4. 4. Contact the arrester manufacturer and consider replacing
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Leakage current trend

Excample
Three different arresters with almost the same leakage current Which of them is the most dangerous?

200 %

150 %

100 %

Years with measurements

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Leakage current trend

Excample
The same three arresters as above, with measurements over 8 years. Which of them is most dangerous? The yellow has increased its leakage current from ~85% to 95% in 8 years The red one from 65% to 100% in 8 years
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

200 %

150 %

100 %

Years with measurements

The blue from 25% to 95% the last 3 years!

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