Coordination Compounds Coordination Compounds Introduction

We have already seen the ability of transition elements to form coordination compounds. This property is however not restricted to transition elements alone. It is also exhibited by certain other metals although to a lesser extent. In this unit we study the different aspects of coordination compounds including their application. We also study organometallic compounds

Co-ordination Compound
Co-ordination compounds are compounds in which the central metal atom is linked to a number of ions or neutral molecules by co-ordinate bonds i.e., donation of electron pairs. Example: Ni(CO)4

Types of Complexes Cationic complexes

- is where the complex ion has a positive charge. Example: [Co(NH3)6]
3+

Anionic complexes
- Those in which the complex carries a negative charge. Example: [Ag (CN)2]
-

Neutral complex
- The complex does not carry a charge.

Double Salt and a Complex Ion

Double salt: Ionizes completely in solution. Example:

The complex ion: The complex ion does not dissociate. Example:

Ligand
The donor atoms, molecules or anions which donate an electron pair to the metal atom. Example: NH3, H2O and CN A ligand may be: a) Unidentate - If one donor atom is present. Example: NH3, H2O. b) Bidentate - If two donor atoms are present on the ligand. Example: NH2 - CH2 - CH2 - NH2 ethylene diamine. c) Multidentate - Tri, tetra, hexa. Example: Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) is hexadentate
-

ChemistryChemistry IVCoordination Compounds and

Organometallics Top

Types of Co-ordination Compounds

Name Ammonia Water Halide ion Hydroxide ion Cyanide ion Oxide ion Peroxide ion Carbonate ion Phosphine Formula NH3 H2O X (X=Cl,Br,I) :OH :CN O
222-

Charge Zero Zero -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 Zero

Name of Ligand ammine aquo or aqua halo hydroxo Cyano Oxo Peroxo Carbonato Phosphine

O2

CO3 PH3

Nitrogen oxide Carbon monoxide Sulphate ion Nitrite ion Thiocyanate ion Acetate ion Pyridine Sulphide ion Thiosulphate Nitrate ion Sulphite ion Triphenyl phosphine Thiocarbonyl Nitrosonium Nitronium Imide ion Nitrate ion Amide ion Thio urea

NO CO SO4
2-

Zero Zero -2 -1 -1 -1 Zero -2 -2 -1 -2 Zero Zero

-

Nitrosyl Carbonyl Sulphato Nitro or nitrite Thiocyanato or isothiocyanato ion Acetate Pyridine(PY) Sulphido Thiosulphato Nitrato Sulphito Triphenyl phosphine Thiocarbonyl Nitrosonium Nitronium Imido Nitrato Amido Thiourea(tu)

NO2

SCN

CH3COO C5H5N S
2-

S2O32 NO3 SO3 CS NO

+ + 2-

(C6H5)3P

+1 +1 -2 -1 -1 Zero

NO2 NH NO3 NH2

2-

H2NCSNH2

Some multidentate ligands

Sub Topics

Examples of ligands

Examples of ligands