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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Nominal Planning for UMTS

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Contents

The site rollout process The nominal plan Using the nominal plan

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Session Aims

This session answers the following questions:


! ! ! !

What is a nominal plan? How does the nominal plan fit into the network rollout process? How is a nominal plan created? How is a nominal plan used?

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What is a nominal plan?



A nominal plan is initially a hypothetical wireless network. The nominal plan is the starting point for the cell rollout process and will evolve into the final network design. As physical sites are identified and acquired, the nominal plan is amended. Nominal Plan
Rollout process

Final Network Design

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Simplified Network Planning Flowchart


Initial network dimensioning Create nominal plan Define search areas Identify site options Site selection Site acquisition Detailed site design Site construction

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Initial Network Dimensioning


Spreadsheet based analysis. Used in the license application. Identifies the approximate
number of sites required.
Typical cell radii estimates
Voice 64 kb/s 384 kb/s Urban 1.8 km 1.6 km 1.4 km
Service supported Maximum range to support all services Service not supported in this environment

Identifies the approximate site


radii required for:
! !

Suburban 3.1 km 2.7 km 2.4 km

Rural 4.0 km 3.5 km 3.2 km

Urban/Suburban/Rural areas Voice/Data services

Used as a major input to the


nominal plan.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Create Nominal Plan


Position a hexagonal grid of
sites over the desired coverage area.

The radius of each hexagon can


be determined from the previous slide.

The capacity of the network can


then be analyzed to detect:
! !

Hot spots that require cell splits. Under used cells that could be removed from the plan.
Example nominal plan for Jersey

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Define Search Areas



The sites in a nominal plan are only imaginary. To become a real network, physical sites are required. A suitable physical site must be found for each nominal site. A suitable physical site must amongst other things:
! ! ! !

Give adequate radio coverage. Have connectivity into the transmission network. Be aesthetically and politically acceptable to the local community. Have power nearby, good access and a co-operative owner.

A survey of each nominal site is normally carried out to identify


possible site options which meet the above criteria.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Define Search Areas


Guidelines have to be given to the surveyor so the options give
appropriate radio coverage.

The guideline is given in the form of a search area. Could be:


! !

Radius from the nominal site. One or more polygons following height contours.

Or

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Identify Site Options


Surveyor visits each search area and identifies potential site options. The first sites to be considered should be
! !

Existing radio sites. Sites offered from major site owners (MSO) E.g. Utilities & Railways. Technically acceptable. Buildable

All options should meet certain criteria to ensure that they are
! !

A good idea to consult with the planning/zoning authority during the


survey.

Good training of surveyors will save time later in the build process.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Identify Site Options


The surveyor will prepare a
report listing the options.

Report will include:


! !

A D C B

Accurate grid reference. Accurate height of structures or available antenna windows. Photographs of the site. 360 panoramic photos from site or if obstructed from nearby location/structure.

! !

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Site Selection
Normally a desk study. Evaluate radio coverage and
transmission.
!

A3rd D1st C2nd

Quickly eliminate unsuitable options. Rank the remaining sites in order of preference.

Nominate a preferred option


and possibly a backup option.

B - Unsuitable

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Site Acquisition

Run more than one site simultaneously. Negotiate with site owners. Prepare drawings. Draw up leases. Apply for planning permissions. Apply for power wayleaves. As soon as one option is ready to proceed
! ! !

Sign the lease Abandon the alternative Enter site into building program.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Detailed Site Design


Prior to commencement of
construction work, a detailed site design is required.
300 Ant 6 300 Ant 5 60 Ant 1 60 Ant 2 Ant 4 180 Ant 3 180

Includes
!

Antenna and feeder requirements. Antenna azimuths and tilts. Equipment capacity requirements

! !

Cant be completed in isolation.


Must take into account other sites.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Creating a Nominal Plan



At the start of the cell rollout program, the nominal plan is only a rough outline of the network. Static calculations will give adequate results at this stage. Static simulations could be used, but the time taken to analyze the entire network would be prohibitive. It is more appropriate to analyze the nominal plan with ASSET rather than 3G at this stage.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Setting up ASSET for Nominal Planning


Create a UMTS propagation model Import suitable antenna patterns Create UMTS cell layer Create UMTS site templates

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Create a UMTS Propagation Model


In a real network rollout one of
the first tasks of the radio engineers would be to calibrate a UMTS propagation model.
Parameter Model Type Frequency Mobile Rx Height Effective Earth Radius K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 Eff. Ant. Height Diffraction Merge knife edges Setting Standard Macrocell 2.2 1.5 8491 143 42 -2.55 0 -13.82 -6.55 0.8 Relative Bullington 0 Clutter Type Unclassified Urban Suburban Residential Village Isolated Dwellings Open Rural Woodland Forest Park Recreational Industry Water Airport Open in urban Agricultural land Pylons Sea Rivers Offset 0 10 5 3 2 1 7 2 5 0 1 5 1 1 0 0

For the purposes of the


following sections we will assume that this has been completed.

Set up a propagation model with


the parameters described here.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Import Antenna Pattern


Import the antenna patterns
supplied by the manufacturers.

For the purpose of this exercise


several antenna patterns have been supplied.
! !

An Omni An 85 Sector

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Create Coverage Schema & Cell Layer


The only parameters that are
necessary to set on the cell layer are the signal thresholds and the coverage schema.

These are derived from the link


budgets used in the network dimensioning.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Create Site Templates


Create default nominal sites
! !

either an omni site. and/or a sector site.

3 sector parameters listed here.

Level Site Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell UMTS cell layer #1 #2

Tab General General Cell Config Cell Config Cell Config Cell Config Antenna/TRX

Field Hex Radius Model Antenna Downtilt Height Azimuth PA output

Setting #1 UMTS 85 XP 4 20 #2 33

Will depend on area type eg Urban/Suburban/Rural Typically either 0, 120, 240 or 60, 180, 300.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Creating a Nominal Plan


From the link budgets, identify
the cell radius for each environment to be planned.

Create a UMTS site template For each environment, position


a hexagonal grid of sites with the appropriate cell radii over the target coverage area.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Locating Urban Nominal Sites


Define mid hexagon radius as
1400m and select in the site template.

Position a grid of sufficient sites


to cover the urban areas.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Locating Rural Nominal Sites


Define mid hexagon radius as
4000m and select in the site template.

Position a grid of sufficient sites


to cover the rural areas.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Evaluate Nominal Network Coverage


Run a coverage array for the
nominal network.

Check that the coverage is in


line with your expectations.
!

The coverage will never exactly match your hexagon radii. If coverage is significantly better or worse than anticipated review cell radius calculations and hexagon radii.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Evaluate Nominal Network Capacity


Create a traffic raster for each
service.
!

Create a terminal type for each service. Spread traffic for each terminal type to simulate users.

Create Traffic Raster

Capture Traffic

Analyze how much traffic each


cell will pick up (capture).

Evaluate Each Cells Required Capacity

Evaluate if each cell has


sufficient capacity.
Re-Engineer Network (if required)

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Create Terminal Types


Create a circuit switched
terminal type for each service.

Allocate traffic to simulate


users.
! !

Voice = 200 Erlangs 384 kb/s = 100 Erlangs (simulating 100 terminals)

Clutter Type Unclassified Urban Suburban Residential Village Isolated Dwellings Open Rural Woodland Forest Park Recreational Industry Water Airport Open in urban Agricultural land Pylons Sea Rivers

Weight 0 500 20 10 1 1 2 5 10 0 5 30 1 1 0 0

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Spread Voice Traffic


Spread the traffic on the voice
terminal type over the island.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Create Coverage Array (Voice)


Set the minimum service level
in the Array Settings window to match the minimum threshold for speech services.
!

i.e. -114dBm

Create coverage array as


usual.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Analyze Voice Traffic


Use the traffic analysis tool to
estimate the voice traffic per cell.
Cell: CS Traffic(E) Site0A: 1.27874 Site0B: 18.989 Site0C: 2.64128 Site1A: 18.1042 Site1B: 0.099755 Site1C: 1.71587 Site2A: 2.13376 Site2B: 1.58312 Site2C: 105.062 Site3A: 11.8475 Site3B: 2.43671 Site3C: 12.1231 Site4A: 2.06883 Site4B: 1.76368 Site4C: 1.87409 Site5A: 1.58884 Site5B: 3.31571 Site5C: 3.13637 Site6A: 1.81907 Site6B: 3.5485

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Spread Data Traffic


Spread the traffic on the data
terminal type over the island.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Create Coverage Array (Data)


Set the minimum service level
in the Array Settings window to match the minimum threshold for data services.
!

i.e. -96dBm

Create coverage array as


usual.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Analyze Data Traffic


Use the traffic analysis tool to
estimate the voice traffic per cell.
Cell: Site0A: Site0B: Site0C: Site1A: Site1B: Site1C: Site2A: Site2B: Site2C: Site3A: Site3B: Site3C: Site4A: Site4B: Site4C: Site5A: Site5B: Site5C: Site6A: Site6B: Site6C: Packet users 0.617848 9.13428 1.23677 9.05208 0.0498775 0.769083 0.732088 0.687448 52.4403 5.71852 0.963885 5.90523 0.496473 0.396895 0.889275 0.337783 0.733785 0.781533 0.754625 1.74732 1.42162

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Evaluating Traffic Requirements (1)


Load Peak traffic Average circuit switched traffic

Spare capacity for which can be allocated to non real time applications

Real time non-controllable load

Time

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Evaluating Traffic Requirements (2)


To evaluate the cell capacity
!

First assume that the packet data can be scheduled to fill the spare real time capacity. When all the spare real time capacity has been exhausted we must convert the remaining capacity to 12.2kb/s voice equivalent circuits. It is now possible to estimate whether the cells capacity has been exceeded.

Assume that a cell with a capacity of 60 12.2kb/s voice circuits


captures:
! !

1.58 Erlangs of voice traffic. 0.69 384kb/s data users.

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Evaluating Traffic Requirements (3)


Captured circuit switched Traffic = 1.58 Erlangs

Average capacity available for packet data


Erlang B Formula (2% GOS) 5 circuits required

= 5 - 1.58 = 3.42 Erlangs or 3.42 x 12.2 = 41.69 kb/s

5 Erlangs 3.42 Erlangs 1.58 Erlangs

Offered packet data = 0.69 x 384 = 263.98 kb/s Extra capacity required for packet data = 263.98 - 41.69 = 222.29 kb/s or 222.29 = 19 voice equivalent circuits 12.2 Total voice equivalent circuits required = 5 + 19 = 24

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Evaluating Traffic Requirements (4)


Voice (erlangs offered) Extra Extra Voice Total voice Data rate No of 384 Data rate capacity equivalent voice equivalent required kb/s available Voice required circuits circuits equivalent for packet packet for packet (circuits for packet available circuits required data data data required) data for packet for packet required (kb/s) users (kb/s) (kb/s) data data 5 3.72 45.40 0.62 237.25 191.85 16 21 27 8.01 97.73 9.13 3507.56 3409.83 280 307 7 4.36 53.18 1.24 474.92 421.74 35 42 26 7.90 96.33 9.05 3476.00 3379.67 278 304 2 1.90 23.18 0.05 19.15 0.00 0 2 6 4.28 52.27 0.77 295.33 243.06 20 26 6 3.87 47.17 0.73 281.12 233.95 20 26 5 3.42 41.69 0.69 263.98 222.29 19 24 118 12.94 157.84 52.44 20137.08 19979.23 1638 1756 19 7.15 87.26 5.72 2195.91 2108.65 173 192 7 4.56 55.67 0.96 370.13 314.46 26 33 19 6.88 83.90 5.91 2267.61 2183.71 179 198 6 3.93 47.96 0.50 190.65 142.69 12 18 6 4.24 51.68 0.40 152.41 100.72 9 15 6 4.13 50.34 0.89 341.48 291.15 24 30 5 3.41 41.62 0.34 129.71 88.09 8 13 8 4.68 57.15 0.73 281.77 224.63 19 27 8 4.86 59.34 0.78 300.11 240.77 20 28 6 4.18 51.01 0.75 289.78 238.77 20 26 8 4.45 54.31 1.75 670.97 616.66 51 59 7 4.16 50.71 1.42 545.90 495.19 41 48 OVERLOAD STATUS

Site0A: Site0B: Site0C: Site1A: Site1B: Site1C: Site2A: Site2B: Site2C: Site3A: Site3B: Site3C: Site4A: Site4B: Site4C: Site5A: Site5B: Site5C: Site6A: Site6B: Site6C:

1.27874 18.989 2.64128 18.1042 0.099755 1.71587 2.13376 1.58312 105.062 11.8475 2.43671 12.1231 2.06883 1.76368 1.87409 1.58884 3.31571 3.13637 1.81907 3.5485 2.84358

OK OVERLOAD OK OVERLOAD OK OK OK OK OVERLOAD OVERLOAD OK OVERLOAD OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

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Evaluating Traffic Requirements (5)



From the previous slide
! !

Five cells are predicted as being overloaded. One cell if close to being overloaded.

All six cells need to be split for zero congestion.


! !

Any congested omni sites should be sectored. Sectored sites need to be offloaded onto new cells.

After modifying the nominal plan, repeat the capacity analysis to ensure that the network is properly dimensioned.

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