Module 12: IS-856/IS-2000 Hybrid Mode Operation

Jay Weitzen Airvana Performance Engineering

Infrastructure for All-IP Broadband Mobile Wireless Accelerating Access Anywhere

Module Objectives Understand Hybrid Mode operation

Idle Traffic states Handover between 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO

Understand Interaction between 1xEV-DO and 1xRTT

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Contents Introduction Terminal provisioning Hybrid operation Non-hybrid operation Data session handoff
Detecting end of coverage

Data dedicated transmission mode (DDTM)

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References

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More References

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1xEV-DO/CDMA2000 1x Interoperability

1xEV-DO Area

PDSN

Public Internet

1x Area

PSTN
MSM5500 is dual mode (1x & DO) Can receive incoming 1x voice calls
Even when active in DO

Can automatically handoff between 1x and DO packet data at service boundaries no need to restart application

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Introduction Why Hybrid Mode

Augment IS-95/IS-2000 service offering by adding IS-856 high speed packet data service capability

Hybrid Mode:Key Functionality

All currently supported service options on IS95/IS-2000 including data Packet data service on IS-856 Packet Session Handoff between IS-95/IS-2000 and IS-856
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Terminal Modes

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Terminal Provisioning

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Sample QPST Hybrid PRL

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Terminal Provisioning (Contd)

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Hybrid Mode operation Call State Machine

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Hybrid Operation: 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO Share Same Air Interface

Sleep timelines for IS-95/IS-2000 and IS856 air interfaces are combined
Wakeups for IS-95/IS-2000 and IS-856 air interfaces are scheduled on the same radio interface Terminal can negotiate a desired offset for the IS-856 paging slot to avoid a collision with the IS-95/IS-2000 paging slot

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IS-2000 Paging CH monitoring

1x Page
80 msec

sleeping

1x Page

1x Page

t
1xEV Page

2.56 sec (SCI = 1) 1xEV Page

sleeping
Always 5.12 sec

R*5.12/12

PreferredControlChannelCycle = R R can be set to avoid collision

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Hybrid Operation: Initialization State Initialization State

Acquire an IS-2000 System First:
System selection is based on the PRL and specified mode preference Radio interface is dedicated to IS-95/IS-2000 system acquisition Failure to acquire IS-95/IS-2000 system after repeated attempts will cause the terminal to go into deep-sleep state for power conservation. EXCEPT for DMSS 3.3 and higher in which case ->

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Hybrid Operation: Initialization State (2)

When the device is in hybrid and loses 1x acquisition, previously it would commit the searcher to reacquiring 1x forever, never even trying to acquire 1x-EVDO. A change has been made (DMSS 3.3) to 1x acquisition schedule to ensure that 1xEVDO gets a chance to acquire the system even if 1x system is not acquired yet.
When the device is turned on, the 1x acquisition attempts are interleaved with 1xEVDO system acquisition searches. If the 1x system is not acquired after going through the 1x channel list, the 1x enters an enhanced power-save algorithm which ensures that 1xEVDO gets a chance to acquire system. The device can operate on 1xEVDO while 1x remains in the enhanced power-save mode. When the 1x system is found, the 1xEVDO service is moved to the co-located 1xEVDO system and normal Hybrid operation is resumed

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Hybrid Operation: Initialization State (3)

Initialization State
After beginning IS-95/IS-2000 idle state slotted operation, schedule IS-856 operation to try to acquire and IS-856 System Only attempt to acquire IS-856 systems in the PRL that are identified as associated with the current IS-95/IS2000 system. Radio interface is shared for IS-95/IS-2000 idle state procedures and IS-856 system acquisition procedures. Failure to acquire an IS-856 system after repeated attempts will cause acquisition attempts to be scheduled less frequently for power conservation
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Hybrid Operation: Idle State Idle state procedures on the IS-95/IS-2000 air interface are performed
Paging channel monitoring, registration, idle handoff

Idle state procedures on the IS-856 air interface are performed

Control channel monitoring, session management, route update, idle handoff When no data session exists between the user and the network, the wakeup period is increased for power conservation in slotted mode
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Hybrid Mode Operation: Idle State (2) Periodic system reselection may be performed on the IS-95/IS-2000 air interface and the IS-856 air interface independently to attempt to acquire a more preferred system, in accordance with the PRL

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Hybrid Mode Operation: Access State

IS-95/IS-2000 access state
Radio interface is dedicated to the IS-95/IS-2000 air interface for the duration of an access attempt Radio interface is denied to the IS-856 air interface, which may be in the initialization, idle, or traffic state

IS-856 access state

Radio interface is dedicated to the IS-856 air interface for the duration of an access attempt Radio interface is denied to the IS-95/IS-2000 air interface, which may be in the idle state

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Hybrid Mode Operation: Traffic State

IS-95/IS-2000 traffic state
Radio interface is dedicated to the IS-95/IS-2000 air interface for the duration of the traffic state Radio interface is denied to the IS-856 air interface, which may be in the initialization, idle, or traffic state This may cause the IS-856 air interface to return to initialization state if the Control Channel supervision timer expires (on AT) or connection to drops at RN/RNC due to RTCLost (RLL Fade Timer)

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Hybrid Mode Operation: Traffic State (2)

IS-856 Traffic Mode
IS-95/IS-2000 idle state procedures are performed during IS-856 traffic state to connect incoming IS-2000 services IS-95/IS-2000 slotted operation causes periodic tuneaway during IS-856 traffic state for IS-95/IS-2000 paging slot monitoring Tune away or connection to IS-95/IS-2000 will cause the IS-856 connection to be automatically closed by the network due to fade timer expiration, or control channel supervision (AT) timer expiration

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Hybrid Mode Operation: Traffic State (3)

Key Notes on 1xEV-DO connection close settings:
RL Fade Timer, FTC time out, and AT supervision lost timers all are set at 5 seconds Any combination of activities which causes the AT to spend more than 5 seconds on 1x during a tune away will result in the 1xEV-DO connection closing If the AT resets first, then it will become confused, and reset See example due to failed 1x Idle Handoff followed by connection close

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Hybrid Operation: Packet Data Origination Attempted on the currently acquired IS-856 system first, if available Attempted on the IS-95/IS-2000 if origination on the currently acquired IS-856 system is not successful

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Hybrid Operation: Non-Packet Data Origination

Attempted on the currently acquired IS95/IS-2000 system Attempted on an alternate IS-95/IS-2000 system if it is not successful on the currently acquired IS-95/IS-2000 system

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Non-Hybrid Operation Single-system operation

Provides service on the most preferred available system in accordance with the Preferred Roaming List and the Mode Preference Performs periodic more preferred system reselection if the currently acquired system is not the most preferred system listed in the PRL Only supports incoming services on the currently acquired system

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Non-Hybrid Operation (2) Call Origination

Attempts to originate packet data service on the currently acquired system Attempts to originate service other than packet data service on an IS-95/IS-2000 system in the PRL, if none listed in PRL then it will fail

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Data Session Handoff

The terminal will attempt to maintain a dormant data session across an intersystem air interface handoff between IS-2000 and IS-856 systems
The goal is to preserve the existing PPP session state and IP address. This is only possible if the same Packet Data Service Node (PDSN) is shared by both IS-95 and IS-856 If the PDSN is not shared by IS-95/IS-2000 and IS-856 systems, the PPP session must be renegotiated with the new target PDSN. The data session handoff procedure is initiated by the terminal by sending a signaling message to the target system in accordance with the requirements specified in the IS-2001 and IS-878 standards Any required PPP renegotiation procedures are initiated by the PDSN.
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Intersystem Data Session Handoff Types Handoff from an IS-856 system to an IS95/IS-2000 system
Performed when IS-856 service is lost and cannot be reacquired IS-856 End of Coverage is Detected (before service is lost

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IS-856 to IS-2000 End of Coverage

The Hybrid AT can optionally support IS-856 to IS2000 active data session handoff if end of IS-856 coverage is detected, rather than waiting for loss of service
In IS-856 connected state, the AT computes the metric sum of Ec/Io for IS-856Active, Candidate, Neighbor Set pilots If the sum is less than a predetermined threshold (Default:T_ADD) or a predetermined period (Default:T_DROP_SEC), then AT checks the Ec/Io for 1x pilot If IS-2000 pilot Ec/Io is more than a predetermined threshold (Default: T_ADD), then it is determined that IS-2000 coverage is stronger than IS-856 Data session is handed down from IS-856 to IS-2000 in IS-856 connected state This algorithm is enabled at compile time, and applies only during Hybrid mode only.
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Handoff From an IS-95/IS-2000 System to an IS856 System

Performed when IS-856 service is acquired and an IS-856 session is successfully established Terminal transmits an unsolicited LocationNotification message containing the {SID,NID,PZID} from the IS-95/IS2000 system

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Other Data Session Handoff Scenarios The terminal also performs an interBSC/RNC handoff (or transfer) within an IS-95/IS-2000 system or an IS-856 system in order to maintain an existing data session.
IS-95/IS-2000 inter-BSC handoff
Performed when the SID, NID, or packet zone (PZID) changes Terminal transmits an Origination message with the DRS bit set to zero
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Other Data Handoff Scenarios (2) IS-856 inter-BSC handoff

Performed when crossing an IS-856 subnet boundary If a new UATI is assigned and the session information was retrieved successfully from the old BSC, no further action is taken If the session information could not be retrieved, a new session is egotiated and the terminal transmits an unsolicited LocationNotification message containing the location information from the previous system (whether it was 1xEV-DO or 1x)
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Data Dedicated Transmission Mode (DDTM) (Not Currently Supported) DDTM is an optional feature which allows hybrid mode AT to minimize IS-2000 visit durations During DDTM operation, the AT:
Will not process any mobile-directed messages Will not perform registration Will process broadcast messages (Broadcast SMS and Overhead) Will not start 1x access probes May perform idle handoff or 1x system reselection Suitable for data-only terminals or data-focused applications
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Hybrid Mode: What Can Go Wrong

Debugging Issues Related To Hybrid Mode Operation

If Hybrid Mode Is Operating Correctly Normal Tune Away to 1x should take between 150 and 250 ms at most.

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What Can Go Wrong If there is poor 1x Signal Quality or No signal, AT will not return from tune or return after 5 seconds at which RLFadeTimer will timeout and drop connection causing long FTP stalls. Pages may be missed during tune away Dropped Call rate may be higher than desirable

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Identifying Hybrid Mode Issues CAIT is the Best Tool to identify hybrid mode tune away problems

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Using CAIT to debug Hybrid Mode Operation Configure log mask as shown in next slide Collect the Following data:
Log File data using Log Mask F3 Mobile Diagnostic Messages ! Make sure that the collection times for Log File and F3 screens correspond in time

Normal Debugging data as outlined in Performance Debug module

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Airvana Recommended Logging Mask

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Additional Logging Parameters

Collect these if in hybrid mode

If you want GPS Position

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Where to Look for Telltale Signs of Hybrid Tune Away Problems

Airlink Summary: F3 or Event Messages indicating CDMA resets, idle handoffs, ecio, hashing

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Exercise: Look at CAIT Log Files

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1xEV-DO Traffic State Hybrid Examples Normal Tuneaway mode Failed 1xRTT Idle Handoff followed by 1xEV-DO connection release
What can go wrong with hybrid mode when 1xEVDO performance is tied to 1xRTT coverage

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Thank You

Accelerating Access Anywhere