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FUEL SYSTEM
Purpose The fuel system provides the engine with clean fuel at the required flow rate to permit control of engine power Supply high pressure fuel to the bleed valve actuator (JT15D-5 series)
1.2
Fuel system components Fuel pump Motive flow valve Bleed valve actuator (Ref ATA 72 Sect 6.4 JT15D-5 series) FCU Flow meter (airframe supplied) Fuel cooled oil cooler Flow divider valve Automatic shut-off valve Fuel nozzles
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FUEL PUMP
Purpose Provide clean fuel under pressure to the fuel control unit.
2.2
Description: The pump is a one stage gear-type pump (JT15D-1 and 4 series) The fuel pump is a two-stage pump consisting of a centrifugal first stage, and a gear-type second stage (JT15D-5 series) Two filter elements protect downstream components against contamination A bypass valve allows unfiltered fuel to flow to the engine in the event of filter blockage by allowing fuel to bypass the filter
2.3
Typical pump capacity @ 100% N2 3935 pph @ 580 psi (JT15D-1 and 4 series) 4100 pph @ 580 psi (JT15D-5 series)
2.4
Inlet filter 74 micron metallic type Self bypassing at 9 -12 psid Cleanable
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3.2
High pressure relief valve Prevents build up of excess P1 and P2 pressure in the fuel system. This valve is normally closed until P1 pressure overcomes the spring tension and allows P1 fuel to dump into Po. It opens at 1260 psid.
3.3
Metering valve The metering valve travels between a maximum and a minimum fuel flow position and determines the amount of fuel going to the engine fuel nozzles. The metering valve is mechanically linked to the pneumatic bellows in the FCU by torque tubes; spring loaded upwards to W f (min.). JT15D-1 and 4 series Wf (min) Wf (max) JT15D-5 series Wf (min) Wf (max) POSITION UP DOWN POSITION UP DOWN FUEL FLOW 155-160 pph 1600-1640 pph FUEL FLOW 160-165 pph 2170-2260 pph
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4.2
Bellows Senses Px and Py air pressures. Movement of the bellows assembly is transmitted to the metering valve assembly via torque tube assembly.
4.3
Governor Sense N2 speed in order to control the amount of bleed of Px and Py pressure.
4.4
Enrichment valve Allows optimisation of engine acceleration. Above 85% N2 speed, Px and Py pressure are boost in order to increase acceleration rate.
4.5
Back-up valve Allow bleeding Py pressure when actual N2 is higher than selected N2 (approx 9%).
4.6
T2 Temperature Compensation Sensor Modify the fuel schedule to maintain acceleration constant under any ambient temperature. constant when engine anti-ice is selected in order to maintain acceleration time constant. It is energised when ignition is ON.
4.7
Step modulator (JT15D-1 and 4 series) Fitted to all JT15D-4 and JT15D-1 POST SB 7124. It keeps the P3 pressure
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4.9
Operation As the pilot move the power lever, this puts tension on the governor spring. It causes the governor lever to pivot and restricting Py bleed. Py increases in the bellows, causing the bellows section to go down. This downward motion causes the metering valve to move down, therefore increasing W f. As W f increases, the engine accelerates, increasing rotation of the governor drive shaft. An increase in drive shaft rotation causes the flyweights to spread, which lifts the drive shaft table. As it lifts, the governor spring is overcome, pivoting the governor lever to open the governor orifice again. Once equilibrium between flyweight force and spring tension is obtained, the engine speed is maintained constant.
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FLOW DIVIDER
Purpose Divide flow between primary and secondary fuel manifolds and dumps fuel from the manifolds on shutdown.
5.2
Fuel shut-off and wind milling bypass valve Prevent fuel to flow to nozzles on cut-off position. Permit fuel to bypass if engine is wind milling.
5.3
Minimum pressurising and flow divider valve In the absence of metered fuel pressure, the minimum pressurising valve prevents flow to the fuel nozzles Ensures proper operating fuel pressures within the fuel system during the starting sequence Divides the metered fuel flow between the primary and secondary fuel manifolds
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5.6.1 Starting position As the power lever is moved from cut-off to the start/run position, the shut-off and wind milling valve allow metered fuel from the FCU to flow inside the flow divider. When the metered fuel reaches 75 psid, the minimum pressurising valve opens and allows fuel to flow to the dump valve and spill valve. Metered fuel pressure causes the dump valve to close at 5 psi and fuel flows to the primary fuel manifold and the bleed jet. A bleed jet allows a small amount of metered fuel to prime the secondary manifold.
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5.6.2 Running position When the pilot sets N2 above 60%, increased fuel pressure causes the flow divider to open and allow fuel flow to the secondary fuel manifold.
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5.6.3 Shut-off position As metered fuel pressure is cut-off by the shut-off and wind milling valve, spring tension acting upon the minimum pressure valve causes it to close off the primary and secondary manifold inlet ports. The lack of fuel pressure within the flow divider also allows the dump valve to open. This connects the primary and secondary manifold to the fuel dump port. Fuel remaining in the fuel manifold system drains out of the dump port, which is connected to the airframe waste fuel system.
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6.2
Construction Actuator rod and bell crank Wire rope Tripper mechanism Shut-off valve
6.3
Operation In the event of low pressure rotor shafts decoupling, the turbine shaft moves rearward and contacts the automatic shut-off valve plunger located in the no. 4 bearing cover. This causes the shut-off valve to trip and shut-off the supply of fuel to the nozzles. NOTE: An axial displacement of the low pressure turbine shaft of 0.070" is required to trip valve.
6.4
Maintenance Set gap between tripper and housing, and between bell crank and no. 4 bearing cover Reset the tripper mechanism when system tripped
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FUEL NOZZLES
(JT15D-1, 4 and 5 series) Purpose Deliver and atomise fuel into the combustion chamber.
7.2
Construction Dual orifice type 12 nozzle adapters 12 nozzle sheaths 12 nozzle tips 24 transfer tubes
7.3
Operation Two offset slots on the nozzle distributor impart a swirl motion to the fuel which emerges as a finely atomised spray in the combustion chamber. Slots in the sheath allow compressor discharge air to pass through the sheath and over the nozzle tip for cooling the tip and atomisation of the fuel.
7.4
Maintenance Flow test at 22 and 60 psi Pressure test for cross manifold leakage at 170 - 200 psi Leak test at 500 psi once installed on low turbine support case
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