Piping Routing:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Review the drawings to determine the clear path to route the pipe (civil drawings, equipment layout, electrical layout, ducting). Piping is to be arranged in an orderly manner and routed as directly as possible Piping on racks shall run at diff elevations and change the elevation when changing the direction Dead ends and pockets in line are to be avoided All process piping within unit plot limits shall be caried overhead Lines requiring limited pressure drop shall be routed as directly as possible Piping line size to be a minimum of 2 in pipe racks Piping located at paved areas elevation of pipe is 600 mm BOP (e.g Control valve sets) Sleeper height should be minimum 400 mm BOP elevation of pipe which is running on graded areas in minimum 500 mm Small bore thin lines are grouped together so that intermediate supports may be simplified Piping shall be designed with sufficient flexibility to absorb any excessive stresses Expansion loops shall be used to reduce thermal expansions and absorb excess stress All lines shall be designed in compliance with relevant code requirements Minimum spacing shall be provided between pipes to accomodate the lateral & linear movement due to thermal expansion or contraction Route the piping to reduce the quantity of hangers by allowing the pipe to be supported by building steel. Route the piping to minimise the footage. Check the piping connections to equipment. Look at nozzle elevation, orientation, connection size, pressure rating and flange facing style. Maintain adequate spacing to accommodate piping insulation. Maintain adequate piping movements produced by thermal expansion. Avoid pipe routing within the Equipment removal area. Always maintain width and headroom clearances. Platform width - 1000mm, Headroom clearance - 2200mm, Headroom clearance Over the road - 8000mm Provide adequate number of bends to accommodate thermal expansion. Maintain adequate space from the floor to permit easy field erection. Make sure that all the valves and other in-line devices are accessible for operations and maintanence. Trap (or) drain all steam lines and air lines. Slope steam line towards steam traps. Vent all high points in liquid lines. (Steam and airlines if hydrotest required). Drain all low points at all pockets. Consider how piping will be supported. Route relief blow-offs away from human traffic. Donot locate intrument taps in the lower half of the horizontal piping. Provide adequate straight runs of piping on upstream and downstream sides of flow elements. In pump suction:Ecc. Reduces should be provided with flat on top with suction from the down. Ecc. Reduces with flat on bottom should be provided while the flow from the top. Lenght of suction pipe should be minimum. Gaskets are three types:(a) Soft sheet gaskets - Fibre, PTFE, Graphite (b) Semi-metallic Spirals. (c) Metallic - Ring joints, Weld rings.

36.

Pipe Shoes :
upto 90 mm insul upto 140 mm upto 190 mm 100 mm Shoe 150 mm shoe 200 mm shoe

Block valves should not provided for the following services

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Vapour lines to condensors Liquid and Vapour line to and from Reboilers Lines from condensers and Accumulators Lines between exchangers Upstream of Steam and BFW

Sample Connections :
1. 2. It shall be located for empty access from grade or fixed platform Length of piping to be kept minimum

Line Blind (Spectacle Blind) :

1. 2. No blinds requred on air, steam, water, and lines containing non-toxic materials Accessible from grade or platform

Roads should be of 6 m wide minimum Minimum distance between hazordous area and Road is 16 m Pump foundations shall be 1.5 m apart

Function of Valves :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Starting and stopping flow Regulating or throttling flow Preventing back flow Regulating pressure Releiving pressure : 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500 : 425, 1100, 2175, 3250, 5400, contact vendor : : 1. Rising Stem 2. Non Rising Stem 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Solid wedge disk Split wedge disk Flexible wedge disk Vented disk Double disk

Pressure classes All pressure

Valve Types Gate Valve Types

Globe Valve Types :

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Plug type V-port type Cage type Dual seal wafer Renewable

Check Valve

1. Swing check 2. Wafer check 3. Lift check

low pressure drop in Swing & Wafer Types high pressure drop in lift Types

Plug Valve
pressure drop is low very tight closure

1. Cylindrical 2. Conical

Butterfly Valve :
Fast operation low pressur drop, use in low pressure systems only used to regulate the flow, not inctended for pressure tight service.

Ball Valve :
Fast operation, Use in Slurry & Viscous Very tight closure, Pressure drop low

Ansi standards :
31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 Ammonia. 31.5 31.8 31.11 16.5 16.9 16.11 36.1 36.19 A194 2hA193b7Power Piping Fuel gas Piping Petroleum Refinery & Chemical Piping Liquid Transportation System for Hydrocarbons like Alchocol, Lpg, Anhydrous Refridgeration Piping Gas Transmission & Distribution Slurry Transportation Flanges Butt Welded fittings Socket Welded Fittings for Carbon steel Pipes for Stainless Steel Pipes For Hexagonal Bolts for Nuts

Temp. of the steam Tracing pipe shall be the fluid Temperature or 11 degree celcius below than the saturation temperature of the steam of tracing steam whichever is higher. Temperature of low temperature piping is below -29deg.C and design shall be suitable for the design Pressure at 38degC Normal Pump Discharge Pressure is equal to Differential Pr. + Suction Pr. + Hydrostatic Head. 3/4 pipe shall not be used anywhere except in instrument connections & as tracing lines

Pipe Wall :
Ta = PD 2(SE + PY) Ti = PD 2(SE + P) Ta = Pd + 2SE + 2YPA 2(SE + PY - P) Pd Ti = 2(SE + P) +A ID, ANSI +A IBR, OD +A OD, ANSI

S E Y P A Tb Tc e Tns

Allow stress at design temp as per 31.1 Joint Efficiency Factor Co-efficient value as per 31.1 - 0.69 A steel - 0.4 for CS Max. Woking pressure Corrosion Allowance - 0.75 Min. thickness for bend = 1.08 Tc Higher of Ta and Ti Mill negative tolerance 12.5% for ID & 10% for ID Min. thickness considering for pipe Min. thickness considering for bend e = Tc 1-e/100 e = Tb 1-e/100

Tnb

Final is Higher of Tns & Tnb we have take next available size