Q6)Produce a detailed discussion on the hazards associated with the each grade of cargoes you have been asked

to transport.Your answer should include safety precaution,handling requirements and spill or fire responses? Ans6:-

Cyclohexanol:Hazards:- while carriage of cargoes are as follows:-

1. It is a colourless liquid so that should be taken care of,because it can not be easily identified. 2. It is a stable material,but it is a combustible substance and it is also a hygroscopic substance(These are the material which absorbs moisture from the atmosphere) and in exposure to atmosphere,it may become solution. 3. In exposure to the cyclohexanol may create problems if its inhaled or swallowed by the person,or if it is absorbed through the skin. 4. It can also create serious irritation problems to eyes and skins. 5. The regular exposure to the atmosphere of cyclohexane can cause the reduction in male fertility,and it can also effect in your liver and kidney,in basic stage it may be headache,nausea and vomiting. 6. Cyclohexane is very dangerous at room temperature,because it may react with the oxidizing agent like hydrogen peroxides and nitric acid. 7. Breathing in the atmosphere in cyclohexane can also cause irritation in nose and also in throat.

Safety Precaution:The following safety prcautions should be taken into account while carriage of cyclohexane are as follows:1. While carrying cyclohexanol,should avoid in contact with skin and eyes,as it may cause serious irritation problems. 2. The crew should wear proper PPE(Boiler suits,gloves,helmets,proper googles,and respiratory masks). 3. Keep all the ignition sources from chemical,as it catches fire it may spread poisonous gasses in the atmosphere. 4. Appoint the crew is trained and experienced of this type of work.

Handling requirements:1. Assign the trained and competent crew always,who have experienced in these kind of works. 2. The area where it will be carry should be cool and dry. 3. Prior to fill the tank with cyclohexane,consider ventilating headspace with nitrogen. 4. Keep all the ignition source,heat sorce,and oxidising agent away from it. 5. Ensure that the peoduct nozzle is below the surface of the receiving tank to avoid splashing. 6. Never cut,drill or weld on or near the container carrnear the container carrying cyclohexanol.

Spill or fire response:In case of fire:

1. In case of fire with the cyclohexanol,use dry chemical,CO2,alchols or polymer foam fire extinguishers(as water is not sufficient for fire fighting). 2. Ensure that the crew is doing fire fighting is properly trained and well equipped as per their needs. 3. Do not use water jet,it may spred the fire.

In case of spill:-During the spillage of the cyclohexane the following steps should
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. be taken into account:Evacuate the person who is not wearing proper protective clothes till then its clean up. Remove all the ignition source as it is a combustible material. Absorb liquid in vermiculite,dry sand or similar material and deposit in a sealed container. For small spillage,ventilate the contaminated area. Recover free liquid from suitable pumps.

Benzene:Hazardous:
The following hazards should be taken into account while the carriage 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. of benzene:Benzene can cause serious problems if it is inhaled or swallowed. It can cause serious irritation if,it is absorbed by the skin. It can cause irritation in nose and throat,if it is inhaled. Benzene is a carninogen chemical,so it should be handle with extreame care. Exposion with this chemical can cause dizziness and headache,continuous of explosion can cause convulsion and death. It is a flammable chemical,so it can cause fire hazards. Continous exposure can cause the disturb stomach,and it can also effect the blood cells.

Safety precaution:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The following safety precautions should be taken into account while carrying the benzene in bulk:Always wear safety PPE(boiler suits,eye googles,helmets,respiratory masks). If the boiler suits may contaminate then,then immediately remove all the contaminated clothes,and rinse it with water. Keep away all the ignition sources like hot surface,flame,sparks,there should be no smoking area close to the tanks where carrying these chemicals. Do not start procedure till then all the safety procedure is read and understood. If swallowed,take extra precation for health and do not induce vomiting.

Handling requirement:1. 2. 3. 4. The following handling procedure should be followed while carrying the benzene:Prior to loading with the benzene the crew should be trained and should have a experience of this trade. Benzene should be carried to the hold as they avoid oxidizers,as the violent reactions may be occur. Stored in cool place,well ventilated area away from heat as it is a combustible material. Whenever benzene is used the fireproof equipments should be used.

Spill or fire responses:In case of fire:1. Benzene is a flammable liquid,so the CO2,dry chemical fire extinguisher can be used,water can be used for surface cooling of the fire area. 2. The crew should be trained and experienced and make sure they are fully equipped with fire fighting equipment.

In case of spill:1. The person should evacuate the area of the spill,if the person is not wearing protective clothing till then the area is clean up. 2. Remove all the ignition sources from the contaminated area. 3. Ventilate the area of spill or leak,if the spill or leak is small. 4. Absorb liquid in vermiculite,absorb by sand paper and after that deposited in a sealed container. 5. It is very necessary to contain properly the benzene waste and dispose it to shore authority properly.

Sulphuric Acid:Hazards:The following are the hazards which should be taken into consideration while carrying the sulphuric acid in bulk are as follows:Sulphuric acid is a colourless oily liquid when it is concentrated,and colourless liquid when it is diluted so it is hard to distinguish on surface. It is hygroscopic in nature so it dangerous to expose in atmosphere. If there is any contact with the eyes and the skin,it can cause serious permanent dangerous. As the concentration solution is very corrosive,so it can damage to surface of the vessel if there is any spill took place. If it swallowed it can cause harm to the stomach,should drink plenty of water and call for emmergeny medical assistance.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Safety precautions:1. 2. 3. 4. The following safety precautions should be taken during the carriage of this cargo in bulk:The crew should be properly trained and competent for this handling of chemical cargoes. The person should wear proper protective clothing(as safety googles,respiratory mask,hand gloves,proper shoes,helmets,boiler suits etc.) Avoid the chemical to contact to skin and eyes as they may cause serious damage. As the chemical is missible in nature,so moisture contents should be far of the chemical.

Handling requirements:The following are the handling requirement during the 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. safe carriage of the chemical:Use specific PPE (Boiler suits,gloves,helmets,googles,respiratory masks)as given as per the chemical. Avoid exposure with the chemical,and also avoid the contact with the chemical. Observe strict hygine during the carriage of the chemical. Do not dispose the residue to the into the wastes or the drain system,always contain it in sealed container and discharge to shore authorities. Avoid the chemical to contact to the water,as it is a missible substance. Remove all the contaminated cloth immediately,if it is in contact with the chemical.

Spill or fire responses:In case of fire:1. As the chemical is non-combustible,in case of fire the fire extinguisher shoul be used appropriate for the surrounding environment. 2. During the fire in this chemical,it releases poisonous gasses,as to avoid the respiration problem use self contained breathing apparatus and proper clothing.

In case of spill:1. If there is small spillage it can be removed by the small amount of inert gas. 2. For large spillage,it can be removed with the sand,inert gas and non-combustible material. 3. Collect all the spillage in sealed container and deliver it to the shore authorities as per their rules. 4. Wash the spillage area with water and detergents,as the surface becomes slippery.

Chloroform:Hazards:The following hazards should be taken into consideration while carriage of the chloroform in the bulk are as follows:Chloroform is a colourless liquid so it is hard to distinguish. Chloroform is harmful to inhalation,as in high concentration of chloroform person may be fatal death. As it is a toxic chemical,so it is harmful to swallowed by person. The prolonged exposure to the chloroform is also suspected to cause cancer,so it is harmful to inhaled its fumes. It can also cause skin problems if it comes in contact to the skin. Its continuous damage can also cause the reproductive damage. It is very harmful substance to environmrnt,and may cause damage to biological process,so it should be dispose properly.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Safety precaution:1. 2. 3. 4. The following safety precautions should be taken while during the carriage of the chloroform in bulk are as follows:The crew should properly trained and competent to do the work. The crew should be wear proper protective clothing as instructed. The proper ventilation should be given to control and maintain vapour concentration. The area should be equipped with the readily eye wash fountain,if there is an contact with eye and with the skin.

Handling requirements:1. Use proper protective equipments as suggested. 2. Use descent respiratory masks,as the inhalation is the major problem in this chemical. 3. To avoid the problem in contact with the skin use gloves, special recommendations are polyvinyl alchol gloves. 4. Adequate ventilation should be provide to the work to provide protection from inhalation problems. 5. Chloroform vapors are heavier than the air so it can accumulate on it,so it should not be on the lower levels.

Spill or fire procedures:-

In case of spill:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Remove all the sources of heat and ignition,during the spillage. Ventilate the area of contamination. Do not make any contact with the chemical as it is hazardous to the skin. Water spray can be used to reduce the vapours of the chemical. For small spillage,use some sand or the non-combustible absorbent. Build dakes for the large spills,to contain chemical or disposal. Contain it in seeled container,and properly dispose to shore authorities.

Caustic Soda:Hazards:The following hazards should be taken into consideration while carriage of the caustic soda are as follows:1. It is very dangerous to inhale or swallowed or ingestion. 2. It is very dangerous,as it can cause burns or inflammation in the organs from where it passes through. 3. It can also effect body parts like throats and stomach,lungs throught inhalation. 4. It can react with the metals and can also be ignite if there is presence of oxygen in the atmosphere. 5. Fever,sneezing,runy nose,soar throat,pneumonia are some of the severe hazards of it. 6. Eyes can be severly damaged if they are exposed to it,it can caused glaucoma,cataract,and permanent blindness in highest possibilities. 7. Lung blockage and blockage of airways are also possible,if there is continous exposure to this chemical.

Safety precautions:For the carriage of this chemical the following safety precautions should be taken into consideration:1. Follow the safety rules as per given for the safe carriage of this particular chemical. 2. Proper ventilation should be used during the carriage of this liquid. 3. In case of exposition to eyes,eyes should be flushed with water for 20 minutes. 4. After the inhalation of the chemical,vomiting should not be induced,as it can cause severe problems. 5. Use proper protective clothings(helmets,googles,respiratory masks,gloves,boiler suits,safety shoes). 6. If there is any contact with the chemical,the contaminated clothing should be removed.

Handling requirements:The following handling requirements should be taken into consideration while handling this chemicals:1. Crew should be well trained and compitent for the handling of specific chemical. 2. Use proper protective clothings(Helmets,boiler suit,gloves,respiratory masks,googles). 3. Avoid to be contact with the chemical,as it cause severe skin irritation problems. 4. Adequate ventilation should be provide to the work place,to avoid inhalation problems. 5. The chemical should be store awy from the acids as they may react.

Fire or spill precautions:In case of fire:1. It should avoid contact with the strong acid,as it may generate enough heat to ignite combustibles. In case of spills:1. Remove all the ignition materials,from the area of the working place. 2. Ventilate the area of the spillage. 3. Absorb the chemicals with the sand,and cover with dikes,and non combustible materials.Avoid contact with the skin as it is hazardous to the skin. 4. Collect all the dispose materials and collect it in a sealed container and properly dispose to the shore authorities. 5. Add waterv and neutralize caustic saoda with dilute hydrochloric acid ,or another solid acidic material.

Tall Oil:Hazards:While carrying the tall oil the following hazards should be taken into consideration :1. The inhalation of its vapour or fumes is hazardous to health. 2. It can cause severe irritation problems if its comes in contact with the skin or eyes. 3. Regular exposure to this chemical cause the target organs damage. 4. Inhalation in the exposure to it can cause irritation in throat,and bad stomach. 5. It may can cause fire at high temperatures. Safety precaution:The following precautions should be taken while the carriage of the chemicals are as follows:1. Use proper protective clothings(Helmets,google,gloves,boiler suits,safety shoes). 2. Ventilation should be done . 3. Avoid the contact of chemical with the skin and eyes,as it may cause serious irritation problems. 4. Do not inhale in the chemical fumes environment,as it may cause danger. 5. Keep away all the ignition and fire sources.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Handling requirements:The handling requirements for this product are as follows:Crew should wear proper protective clothing(helmets,googles,respiratory masks,boiler suits,gloves,safety shoes). Keep all the fire and ignition sources away from the chemical. Do not allow the leaks discharge to the acidic content sewer. Avoid contact with the skin or eyes. Keep away from the strong oxidizing substances. Fire or spill precautions: In case of fire:Foam,dry chemical or carbon-di-oxides can be use fire fire prevention. Use fire extinguisher as according to the surrounding. In case of spill:Evacuate the person not wearing proper protective clothing. Use descent respiratory masks,as it can be hazardous to health. Avoid to make contact with the skin or eyes,it may cause serious irritation problems. Try to absorb using sand,non combustible substances. Safely collect and contain in a sealed container,and dispose to the shore authorities as per the regulations.

1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Phosphoric Acid:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hazards:-The following hazard should be taken into consedration while the carriage of phosphoric acid are as follows:It is very dangerous to inhale or swallowed,it can make serious problems,can cause damage to the lungs. It can cause severe irritation problems,if contact with the eyes and skin or in ingestion. Regular explosion to fumes may cause death. It can cause general distortion of health by accumulating in one or many human organs. It can react with metals and release flammable hydrogen gas.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Safety precautions:The following safety precaution should be taken while the carriage of this chemical:The crew should wear proper protective clothings(helmet,googles,respiratory masks,gloves,boiler suits,safety shoes) Ventilation should be provided to the work place. Avoid contact with eyes and skin with the chemical,as they may cause irritation problem. Do not inhale in the fumes atmosphere of the atmosphere. Keep away all the ignition and fire sources. Handling requirements:During the carriage of the this chemical the following handling requirements should be taken into consideration:The crew should be well trained and competent for this type of work. Crew should wear proper protective clothing,butyl rubber or nitrile gloves should be wear as they provide extra protection if there is any spillage or splashes. Should ventilate the tanks,there should be no moisture in tanks. There should be no ignition or heating sources close to the working place.

1. 2.

3. 4.

Fire or spill precaution:In case of fire:1. In case of fire extinguishers with the alchol-resistant foam,carbon-di-oxide,dry powder should be used or water fog can also be used. 2. Self contained breathing apparatus and fully protective clothing should be used in case of fire fighting. In case of spills:In case of spill first step to evacuate the person not wearing protective clothing. Avoid to inhale without respiratory mask in the contaminated area. Change the contaminated cloth as soon as possible. Absorb the spilled chemical with the inert compound,damp,non-combustible material. Then wash thoroughly the contaminated area with the water. Collect all the spillages and collect it in a sealed container and dispose to the share authorities as per their rules.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Q7)List the preprations you would make prior to commencing cargo operations? Ans:-The following are the preprations should be make prior to commencing cargo operations:1. The compartment should be cleaned properly where the incoming chemical should have to load,and all the end particles should be cleaned properly. 2. The compartment should be ventilated and then should be inerted. 3. All the bildges should be cleaned properly and all the bildge suctions should be check as they are working properly or not. 4. Tween deck scuppers should be check thoroughly as there should not be any leackage. 5. All the outside ventilation should be shut down and fans should be checked for air flow in the tanks. 6. Before the loading starts,the compartment should be surveyed properly and temperature should be monitored and entered in a mates deck log book. 7. The cooling of the compartment should be done and timming should be noted down in the deck log book. 8. The ships security plan should be made and address with the crew,as the crew should know about their responsibilities. 9. Before commencing the cargo operation,the time aggrement should be done between the ships and the shore authorities. 10. The officer of the watch of cargo operation should know about the cargo figures and should know about the topping off and staggering of tanks. 11. The copy of MSDS sheet should be in the ships notice board and officer the watch should have the copy of MSDS sheet. 12. Before commencing loading the shore-safety checklist should be completed and any doubt should not be ignores,doubt should be cleared and verified by senior officers. 13. The mooring arrangement should be checked thoroughly,and the mooring arrangement should be carried out for the safety of the manifolds. 14. Soap leak test should be done for the visual inspection of the manifold flange leak detections. 15. Fire fighting equipment should be check for the emergency fire fighting,and the scuppers should be checked in case of any spillage. 16. Check PV valve and make sure that it is in operational condition,and make sure that the vapour concentration line is attached or not. 17. Check all the crossover valves and ensure that all the valves are open and closed as according to the loading plan. 18. The stopping signal should be agreed between the vessels officer and the shore terminal representative.Display the bravo flag and red light.

19. There should be no acess available other than the person assigned by the master. 20. The monitoring system should be thoroughly checked and rectified if there is any problem arised. 21. The SOPEP plan should be checked,in case of emergency. 22. The loading should be start with very slow rate and the sampling of the cargo should be done by the surveyor and after the approval of surveyor the loading should be start. 23. The through monitoring of the sensitive cargo should be done. 24. Must ensure that the crew involved in cargo handling procedure must wear proper protective clothing as per required. 25. Check all the cargo segregation procedures are compatible according to theChris Code. 26. Check and ensure that loading is continuing according to the plan,and should monitored at every step. 27. The security drills should be carried out regularly,and ensure that the crew can perform at the time of emergencies. 28. The oow should be alert at all times during the loading and ensure that the loading planning is following thoroughly.

Q8)Explain the procedures you,as a chief mate,would adopt when commence loading each grade of cargo? Ans:-The following procedures should be adopt while commence loading the each grade of cargo are as follows:1. The chief mate should have a details of tonnages and capacity of ship,and the capacities of each and every tank,it can be provided by spippers manifest. 2. The chief mate should make a cargo plan for each and every grade of cargo according to their compatibily with the other grade of cargo. 3. The cargo loading distribution for each hold should be made prior commencing the loading. 4. The stability assessment should be done as per the loading plan and ensure that tha loading is safe according to the stability criteria. 5. The bunkers.fresh water and other absorbing commodities should be calculated,as they can also effect in loading. 6. Check for the ballast operation. 7. Check whether the vessel is according to the loadline criteria or not. 8. Check the pressure of the tanks,verify the coating of the pipes from where the have to pass through. 9. The special cargoes should be give extra precaution. 10. If there is any problem during the loading by which the loading id effected should note in a log book entry. 11. Ensure that there is no communication problem in between both the parties. 12. Ensure that they all understand the emergency shut down procedure.

13. There should be attention at all times during the cargo operation,to prevent pilferage,smoking and any problem during the loading operation. 14. Calculate the amount of cargo to be load,amd made plan and segregate according to the chris manual. 15. The alarms and the sensors should be checked if any of them are not working the operation should be stop immediately. 16. Avoid pressure surge problem by slowly open the valve by half of the speed. 17. The specifis hazardous cargo should be known and concerned. 18. All the communication system within the vessel and also with the shore authorities should be checked. 19. There should be no unauthorised peson on board the ship,and near to the working place. 20. The unused manifold should be lashed properly,as the accident may occurred due to the that. 21. If the operation is in night time so ensure that there is sufficient light. 22. Ensure that during loading,the rate of flow of the liquid is appropriate or not. 23. Check all the LSA and FFA equipment are functioning and ready to use. 24. The chief mate should made the management team and co-operate with the OOW and shore authorities. 25. The OOW should check all the valves and lines to ensure that the proper valves are open for the receving of the cargo. 26. A crew member should be manned to the manifold and cargo control room to acknowledge alarm. 27. The cargo plan should be displayed to the cargo control room and should also give to the OOW manned at the manifold. 28. All the pipelines should be colour coded to avoid the confusion during the time of loading. 29. The tanks high level sensors should be checked and if its not working properly the loading should be stop immediately, and sensors should be repaired. 30. The LFA,FFA,SOPEP and SMPEP should be make ready all the time and should be ready for immediate use. 31. The first and last loading cargo should be decided and should be agreed to the shore personnels. 32. Check wheather the right cargo is loading to the right tank and should be noted to the cargo log book. 33. The sample of the cargo should be taken to check for the contamination of cargo. 34. The rate of loading should increase only if the Chief Officer is satisfied with the cargo. 35. The OOW should take regular rounds to check any oil or chemical spill. 36. The topping off procedure should be checked,no two tanks should finish at same time. 37. The trim and heel of the ship should be checked and if not same as planned then call immediately the Chief Officer.

38. The chief officer should check the cargo and then when he should be fully satisfied with the cargo operation should start. 39. The Chief officer should ensure that the cargo is coming in that tank only which is planned,not to their adjacent tanks. 40. Then he should check whether there is any leakage of any other faults in the pipeline or while during the loading. 41. The chief officer should post a person for the regular look on the pipeline while the cargo operation. 42. After when he is fully ensure that cargo is satisfied and going to the right tank then only he have to increase the rate of loading.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Q9)Describe the process by which you would complete loading cargo.You should make reference to topping off procedure and staggering of tank completion time? Ans:-The procedures for the compleating of loading of cargoes are as follows:The loading should be thoroughly monitored at all times. There should be monitor that it is going on the segregated tanks as planned. Monitor the loading rates and plan the closing down procedure of the loading. The shore authorities should inform prior 10 minutes before the closing down of the valves of the tanks. The loading should not shut down at a time,it should be slow down first bye half flow,then by 25% and then by 10% and after that the loading should be carried out at very slow rate. The topping off procedure should be planned by slowing down the loading rate of liquid to 98% to the capacity of the tank. For the safe carriage of the liquid and to avoid spilling of liquid,the staggering of thank completion time should be done. The chief mate should be planned the topping off of each grade of liquid cargo at different,so that there will be no spill. It means the all the grades of cargo are fully filled their tanks at different times and it can be managed by the OOW.

Bibliography:http://cartwright.chem.ox.ac.uk/hsci/chemicals/cyclohexanol.html

http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0569.pdf http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/cyclohexanol.htm https://www.vwrsp.com/msds/10/EM-/EM-CX2325-5.pdf http://www.ejnet.org/plastics/polystyrene/benzene.html http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927339 http://www.gadiv.com/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Benzene2011.pdf http://cartwright.chem.ox.ac.uk/hsci/chemicals/sulfuric_acid.html http://www.battery.co.za/download/dl/MSDS%2001.pdf http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/H2SO4.htm http://www.reagent.co.uk/uploads/msds/SULPHURIC%20ACID%201M%20%282N%29.pdf http://cartwright.chem.ox.ac.uk/hsci/chemicals/chloroform.html http://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_02c0/0901b803802c0d52.pdf ?filepath=gco/pdfs/noreg/103-00138.pdf&fromPage=GetDoc http://cartwright.chem.ox.ac.uk/hsci/chemicals/sodium_nitrate.html

Matrial Safety Data Sheet IBC code

WET CARGO
ASSIGNMENT HND NAUTICAL SCIENCE GAURAV THAPA

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