John IV of Portugal

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John IV

King of Portugal and the Algarves 1 December 1640 6 November 1656

Reign

Predecessor Philip III

Successor

Afonso VI

Duke of Braganza 29 November 1630 1 December 1640

Tenure

Predecessor Teodsio II

Successor

Teodsio, Prince of Brazil

Spouse

Luisa de Guzmn

among others...

Issue

Teodsio, Prince of Brazil Joana, Princess of Beira Catherine, Queen of England Afonso VI of Portugal Peter II of Portugal

House

House of Braganza

Father

Teodsio II of Braganza

Mother

Ana de Velasco y Girn

Born

19 March 1604 The Ducal Palace of Vila Viosa, Vila Viosa, Kingdom of Portugal

Died

6 November 1656 (aged 52) Ribeira Palace, Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal

Burial

Royal Pantheon of the Braganza Dynasty, Lisbon,Portugal

Religion

Roman Catholicism
; 19 March 1604 6 November 1656)

John IV (Portuguese: Joo IV de Portugal, pronounced:

was the King of Portugal and the Algarves from 1640 to his death. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza,[1] who had in 1580 claimed the Portuguese crown and sparked the struggle for the throne of Portugal. John IV was nicknamed John the Restorer (Joo o Restaurador). On the eve of his death in 1656, the Portuguese Empire reached its zenith, spanning almost 3,000,000,000 acres (12,000,000 km2).

Contents
[hide]

1 Early life

2 Reign
o o o

2.1 Succession 2.2 Restoration War 2.3 Imperial Recovery

3 Death and legacy 4 Marriages and descendants 5 Ancestry 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links

Early life[edit]
John was born at Vila Viosa and succeeded his father Teodosio II as Duke of Braganza[2] when the latter died insane in 1630. He married Luisa de Guzman (16131666), eldest daughter of Juan Manuel Prez de Guzmn, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia, in 1633.

Portrait of John, when Duke of Braganza (c.1628), Rubens' workshop. Royal Castle,Warsaw
John had blond hair, blue eyes and an average height.[3]

Reign[edit]
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be challenged andremoved. (November 2012)

Succession[edit]

The Acclamation of the King John IV.

He was raised to the throne of Portugal (of which he was held to be the legitimate heir) during the revolution on 1 December 1640, against King Philip III.[4]

Restoration War[edit]
His accession led to a protracted war (the Portuguese Restoration War) with Spain, which only ended with the recognition of Portuguese independence in a subsequent reign (1668). Portugal signed alliances with France (1 June 1641) and Sweden (August 1641) but by necessity its only contributions in the Thirty Years' War were in the field against Spain and against Dutch encroachments on thePortuguese colonies. In Spain, a Portuguese invasion force defeated the Spanish at Montijo, near Badajoz, in 1644.

Imperial Recovery[edit]
Abroad, the Dutch took Portuguese Malacca (Jan 1641) and the Sultan of Oman captured Muscat (1650). Nevertheless the Portuguese, despite having to divide their forces among Europe, Brazil and Africa, managed to retake Luanda, inPortuguese Angola, from the Dutch in 1648 and, by 1654, had recovered most of Brazil, effectively ceasing to be a viable Dutch colony. This was countered by the loss of Portuguese Ceylon (present day Sri Lanka) to the Dutch who tookColombo in 1656.

Death and legacy[edit]

King John IV died in 1656 and was succeeded by his son Afonso VI. His daughter, Catherine of Braganza, married King Charles II of England.[5] John was a patron of music and the arts, and a considerably sophisticated writer on music; in addition to this, he was a composer. During his reign he collected one of the largest libraries in the world, but it was destroyed in the Lisbon earthquake of 1755. Among his writings is a defense of Palestrina, and a Defense of Modern Music (Lisbon, 1649). One famous composition attributed to

him is a setting of the Crux fidelis, a work that remains highly popular during Lent amongst church choirs.[6] However, no known manuscript of the work exists, and it was first published only in 1869, in France. On stylistic grounds, it is generally recognized that the work was written in the 19th century.[7]

Marriages and descendants[edit]

John married Luisa de Guzmn,[8] daughter of Juan Manuel Prez de Guzman, 8th Duke of MedinaSidonia. From that marriage several children were born. Because some of John's children were born and died before their father became king they are not considered infantes or infantas of Portugal.

Name

Birth

Death

Notes

By Luisa de Guzman ( 13 October 1613 27 February 1666; married on 12 January 1633)

Infante Teodsio

8 February 13 May 1634 1653

Prince of Brazil and 9th Duke of Braganza. Died young.

Ana de Bragana

21 January 21 January 1635 1635

18 17 Infanta Joana(Joan) September November 1635 1653

25 Infanta November Catherine(Catarina) 1638

31 December 1705

Commonly known as Catherine of Braganza. Queen consort through marriage to Charles II of England.

6 6 Manuel de Bragana September September 1640 1640

Infante Afonso

21 August 1643

12 Prince of Brazil and 10th Duke of September Braganza. Succeeded him as Afonso 1683 VI, King of Portugal.

Infante Peter(Pedro)

26 April 1648

9 December 1706

Duke of Beja, Constable of the Kingdom, Lord of the Casa do Infantado and Regent of the Kingdom before succeeding his brother Afonso as Peter II, King of Portugal.

Illegitimate offspring

Maria de Bragana

30 April 1644

7 February Natural daughter. 1693

Ancestry