Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 17

17

Permutations and Combinations

1. The total number of different means of transportation =43 = 12 2. Total number of ways of dressing up =342 = 24 3. Total number of 4-letter codes = 4! = 24 4. Number of different 5-digit numbers = 5! = 120 5. Number of possible arrangements = 4P3 = 24 6. The number of ways of sitting = 5P3 = 60 7. The number of ways =23211 = 12 8. (a) Number of ways = 1 3P3 1 =6 (b) Number of ways = 2P2 3P3 = 12 9. (a) The number of even numbers = 5P3 2! = 120 (b) The number of numbers that starts with even digit = 2! 5P3 = 120

(c) The number of numbers with even numbers to be side by side = 4C2 3! 2! = 72 Alternative 4 P2 3P3 = 72 (d) The number of numbers with odd and even digit in alternate position = Even, Odd, Even, Odd + Odd, Even, Odd, Even =2413+4231 = 24 + 24 = 48 10. (a) The number of 3-digit numbers greater than 500 = 3 4P2 = 36 (b) The number of 3-digit numbers with 1 at the tens place value = 4P2 1 = 12 (c) The number of 3-digit even numbers = 4P2 1 = 12 (d) Digit 1, 3 and 5 will make up the sum of 9. Therefore, the number of such numbers = 3! =6 11. 12.
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C1 = 3 ways C2 = 45 pairs
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13. (a) (b)

C1= 3 C0 = 1

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 17

14. (a) (i)

There are 3 numbers that is less than 4. Number of selection = 3C1 =3

(ii) 2, 3 and 5 are prime numbers. Number of selection = 3C1 =3 (iii) 3 and 6 are multiple of 3. Number of selection = 2C1 =2 (b) (i) Number of selection with all odd digits = 6C3 3C0 = 20

1. (a) The number of different four-digit numbers formed = 6P4 = 360 (b) The number of different four-digit even numbers formed = 5P3 2P1 = 120 2. (a) Number of possible arrangements = 5P5 = 120 (b)
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(ii) 2 and 4 are the numbers less than 6 and even. Number of selection = 6C2 4C1 = 60 (iii) Number of selection including digit 4 = 5C2 = 10 15. (a) The number of possible mixed double pairs = 3C1 4C1 = 12 (b) The number of possible mixed double pairs = 1 4C1 =4 16. (a) (b) (c) (d)
10 3 7 3

P4 2! = 48

3. The number of codes formed = 3P1 5P4 = 360 4. (a) The number of team with 2 goals only = 4C2 10C3 = 720 (b) The number of teams formed = 2 boys only + 3 boys only + 4 boys only + 5 boys only = 10C 2 4C 3 + 10C 3 4C 2 + 10C 4 4C 1 + 10 C5 4C0 = 180 + 720 + 840 + 252 = 1992 5. (a) The number of teams formed = 15C8 = 6435 (b) The number of teams formed = 5C1 6C4 4C3 = 300

C4 = 210

C1 7C3 = 105 C4 = 35

C1 7C3 + 3C2 7C2 + 3C3 7C1 = 105 + 63 + 7 = 175

17. Number of possible ways = 9C2 7C3 4C4 = 1260 18. (a) The number of possible ways = 3C1 4C1 = 12 (b)
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1. (a) (b)

C1 2C1 = 4

P4 = 4! = 24 P3 = 24

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 17

2. (a) (b) 3. (a) (b)

P7 = 7! = 5040 P2 5P5 = 240 P4 = 360

12. (a)

6 4

n! Cn r = [n (n r)]! (n r)! n! = r!(n r)! = nCr

7 4

(b) (i) (ii) 13. (a) (i) (ii)

C2 3! 2! = 72 Alternative 4 P2 3P2 = 72

P7 = 5040 P4 3P3 = 144 P12 = 479 001 600 P10 = 239 500 800 C6 = 924

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4. (a) Number of 3-digit numbers 6 P1 6P2 = 180 [Note: The rst 6 does not include digit 0.] (b) For 3-digit number less than 500, the rst digit can take digit 2 or 4 only. Hence, the number of possible numbers = 2P1 6P2 = 60 5. (a)
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(iii) 2P2 10P10 = 7 257 600 (b) (i) (ii) 14. (a) (i)
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C3 4C2 3C1 = 180 C4 = 3060

18

P2 5P3 = 360

(b) 1 2P1 4P2 1 = 24 6. (a) (b) 7. (a)

3 2

(ii) Team of 2 men + Team of 3 men + Team of 4 men = 10C2 8C2 + 10C3 8C1 + 10C4 8C0 = 1260 + 960 + 210 = 2430 (iii) Team of 110 men + Team of one man = 10C0 8C4 + 10C1 8C3 = 70 + 560 = 630 (b) (i)
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P3 = 6 P1 2P2 = 4 P2 6P6 = 1440

(b) There are 2 vowels, A and E. Number of ways = 2P2 6P6 = 1440 8. Number of combination = 8C1 5C2 = 80 9. (a) Different number of committees that can be formed = 33C6 = 1 107 568 (b) Different number of committess that can be formed = 3C1 10C2 20C3 = 153 900 10.
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P5 5P5 = 14 400 Two possible ways a boy or a girl in the rst position. P5 5P5 2! = 28 800

(ii)

5 5

(iii) P2 8P8 = 806 400 15. (a) (i) (ii) (iv) (b)
18 8 7 5 5

P5 = 6720 C4 5P5 = 4200 C2 3P3 3P3 = 360

(iii) C2 5P5 = 1200 C12 6C4 2C2 = 278 460 Consider case where the last digit is 0. P3 1 = 120 Consider case where the last digit is 2, 4 or 6. 5 5 4 3 = 300 [Note: The rst 5 does not include digit 0.] The total number of even numbers = 120 + 300 = 420 (ii) The number of odd numbers formed =5543 = 300

16. (a) (i)

C2 8C3 5C5 = 2520

7 6 7 2

11. (a) (i) (ii) (b) (i) (ii)

P7 = 5040 P6 2P2 = 1440 C3 = 35 C2 C3 = 10

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 17

(iii) Case 1 The rst digit used is either 4, 5 or 6 and the second digit is 3. The number formed = 3 1 5 4 = 60 Case 2 The rst digit used is 4, 5 or 6 and the second digit used is 4, 5 or 6. The number formed = 3 2 5 4 = 120 Total number formed = 60 + 120 = 180 Alternative The total number formed =3354 = 180 (b) (i)
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1. 4! = 24 2. (a) (i) 4C1 = 4 or 4C3 = 4 (ii) 3C3 = 1 (iii) 3C1 = 3 (b) 4P4 = 24 3. (a) 2 3P3 1 = 12 (b) TV Fan TV

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TV

3 2 2 1 1 = 12 (c) 4! 2! = 48 4. (a) 5! = 120 (b) 3! 2! = 12 5. (a) (b) 6. (a) (b) 7. (a) (b) 8. (a) (b)
8 7

C3 = 84 P5 = 6720 P4 = 840 C2 5C3 = 60 C2 3C3 = 6 C2 3C1 = 45 P3 3P2 = 720 C2 4C3 = 24 C2 3C3 = 3

(ii) 2 men + 3 men = 5C2 4C1 + 5C3 4C0 = 40 + 10 = 50 17. (a)

10

4 4

P3 = 720 5 5 4 = 100 [Note: The rst 5 does not include digit 0.]
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(b) (i)

(ii) The sum of the digits is 9. The possible cases are 0, 1, 8; 0, 3, 6; 1, 3, 5 For case 0, 1, 8, the number formed = 2 2 1 =4 For case 0, 3, 6, the number formed = 2 2 1 =4 For case 1, 3, 5, the number formed = 3 2 1 =6 Total number = 4 + 4 + 6 = 14

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