AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO Yvette Anas Gonzlez Argello1, Diana

Laura Arias Guzmn2, Deesli Palomera Salaiza3 1,2,3 5th High School Semester, Lincoln School. Circunvalacin Sur #62, Col. Las Fuentes, C.P: 45070, Guadalajara, Jal. Mexico 1Actual Address: Callejn de la Cebra #3313, Col. Ciudad Bugambilias, Zapopan, C.P. , Mexico, Jalisco. E-mail address: anaisgonar@gmail.com. 2Actual Address: Av. Inglaterra 7645, Int. Paseo de los limones #9, Col. Rinconada del Bosque, Zapopan, C.P. 45017, Mxico, Jalisco. E-mail address: diana_arias_3@hotmail.com 3Actual Address: Circuito del Lince, Col. Ciudad Bugambilias, Zapopan, C.P. , Mexico, Jalisco. E-mail address: deesli.ps@hotmail.com Abstract Bird species diversity was studied in the colony of las Fuentes, Zapopan, during 2012. Visual investigations were made throughout the year in which certain notes were taken and several tools were used such as binocular and cameras for the observation and identification of species. There was a richness of 23 bird species, belonging to 19 genera and 15 families. Of the total species recorded 15 were residents, 4 residentmigratory, 3 migratory, and 1 undefined. The rich vegetation and green areas in the zone provide appropriate places for nesting and feeding for the bird species. Resumen Se estudio la diversidad de aves en la colonia Las Fuentes, Zapopan, durante el ao 2012. Se realizaron investigaciones visuales durante todo el ao en las cuales se hacan ciertas anotaciones y se utilizaban herramientas como los binoculares y las cmaras para la observacin y determinacin de las especies. La riqueza en la avifauna fue de 23 especies de aves, que pertenecan a 19 gneros y a 15 familias. De las especies registradas 15 son residentes, 4 residentes-migratorias, 3 migratorias y una sin definir.

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO La riqueza en vegetacin y en reas verdes en la zona proporcionan lugares apropiados para la anidacin y alimentacin de las diferentes especies.

Mexico is one of the countries with great diversity in birds in the world, especially when we record 1000 species in the whole country. There are various factors that promote this diversity of species like mountain ranges in different parts of the country, coasts at east and west, etc. (Harker, 2007) Guadalajaras forests provide shelter to different species of birds around the Metropolitan Zone. The variety of the climate brings different species to the community depending on the season. In this context, our objective was analyzing and getting information about the species of birds in the Colonia Las Fuentes. Methods The Colonia Las Fuentes (203738.55 N/1032540.65 O and 203658.22 N / 1032534.30 O; 1629 msnm) is located at a higher point from Zapopans center; this makes the temperature colder (Figure 1). Also, the design of the streets with stone paving being permeable it absorbs the rain and the ground doesnt heats. The Colonia Las Fuentes is a residential zone that thanks to its diversity in vegetation its easy to find different species of birds. One of the reasons might be having big trees like: Jacaranda mimosifolia, Tabebuia donnell-smithii, Tabebuia rosea, Fraxinus uhdei, Ficus elastica, Bauhinia sp, Aerocarias sp, Casuarinas sp, ect. Observations were completed in two different periods. The first observation period from March to May in 2012 was based in annotations and comments. For observations there was not any special equipment used and the research was more general. The second

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO

observation period was developed from September to November of 2012. During this period, weekly visits were made to the different points located inside the colony. The research was based in annotations, observations, and the use of cameras or binoculars to identify the actual bird specie. For observations binoculars (10x50) and three guides of Wright, M. (2007), Bustos, . F. (2010), and Harker, E. E. (2007) were used to help our research be more accurate. The results will help use know what is the diversity of bird in Las Fuentes, how it is determined, and the distribution and abundance of species in the studied area. The species seasonality was determined according to the establish categories by Reyna (2010): resident, migratory, transitory, and resident-migratory.The abundace was also determined by the categories by Reyna (2010): common, uncommon, and rare. An estimation was made to determining the frequency, comparing the specie that was seen the most and the one that was seen the less. The categories were: frequent, infrequent, and sporadic. (Table 1) For the species distribution, the grounds of Las Fuentes was divided into 4 streets and 1 zone: Las Fuentes, Santa Ana, San Antonio, and La Calma (the streets inside the colony Las Fuentes); they connect in the main roundabout inside the colony which is the last zone of species distribution. (Figure 1) The Shannon index (H= pi ln pi) was used to determine the diversty in the different species of birds. (Table 2) Results There were two sections in this investigation involving different teams and materials, giving a total result of 23 species. The order with the higher number of species was Passeriformes with 10 Families, where the Family with more number of species was the Tyranninae with 5 species. Both bird watching sections share 4 commons species, Turdus

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO

rufopalliatus (Figure 4), Quiscalus mexicanus (Figure 3), Melanerpes aurifrons, and Columbina passerine (Figure 7). One of these species, Quiscalus mexicanus, was the most abundant with a total of 194 birds, and the less abundant with just 2 birds was the Amazona sp (Figure 6) and Piranga flava. From the total of recognized species, 16 (69%) are Residents, 3 (13%) are migratory and 4 (17%) are both. From the registered species 21 (91%) were common, 1 (0.4%) were uncommon (Lampornis clemenciae) In respect with the biodiversity, the principal roundabout of Las Fuentes had a higher number of diversity, with a differentiation from the H to Hmax of 0.344315085 (Table 2), this means the real numbers are closer to what a perfect balance of birds would be. On the contrary the area with less biodiversity is the area with less biodiversity is the children statue roundabout with a difference of 0.922542008. The investigated area was divided into 4 zones (Figure 8). The principal roundabout of Las Fuentes, center, it is worth to include this area has a wider diversity of trees species (eg. Strelitzia regina, Quercus ilex, Ficus sp). The Quercus ilex had 8 (34%) of the identified species (eg. Amazona sp, piranga flava). These trees were in open spaces where urbanization has taken over with buildings. The section with less number of species and birds was the roundabout of Starbucks; this area is close to one of the principal avenues of the city. Discussion In the community Las Fuentes, 23 (14%) species were found of the 161 species registered in the Forest the Primavera; this suggests that the site is used for some species for refugee, food provider, habitat, nesting, or for rest. The composition of the community of birds presents some interesting aspects, considering the area of study it has a small extension

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO

of approximately 1.4 km. The abundance of species is relatively high considering the urban zone (surrounded by houses, marketing places, and common places for people) where the vegetation is not flourished. Due to the residence status, is probable that the resident species in some migratory reproduce in this area. While in other species their use may be different for the tree vegetation, according to the availability of space and food. Some species distribute in the area of more vegetation and other adapts to human activity, they use the fortuitous anthropogenic plants as food or refugee. When comparing the two sections, they shared 3 common species out of the 23 registered species (eg. Columbina passerina Pyrocephalus rubinus). This result shows that these species had been resident in Las Fuentes for an approximate time of a year. In the stone pavement we observed that there is an abundant amount of Columbina inca that ate the trees fruits. It was observed in the Quercus ilex that there was exotic biodiversity. For example a nest of carrots was found in the top of the Quercus ilex; this specie is not yet recognized. The urban zones with greener areas play an important role in an ecologic city. The community Las Fuentes not only provides a place for rest and food provident also for reproduction. It can be concluded that the birds establish in places where there is human activity, however, not a quite moderated human activity, because there is more birds in the center and at the farthest point of the main avenue.

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO

Citations Wright, Michael. The World of Birds: From Antarctic Penguins to African Parrots. Hoo: Grange, 2003. Print. "WhatBird | Identify Birds | Bird Identification Guide | North America." WhatBird | Identify Birds | Bird Identification Guide | North America. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. <http://whatbird.com/>. Martnez, Erika E., and Mollie Harker. Aves De La Colonia Seattle Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. Zapopan: n.p., 2007. Print. Reyna, scar F. Aves Del Bosque La Primavera. Zapopan: n.p., 2010. Print. Ramres, Jorge E. "Comunidad De Aves De La Facultad De Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Campus II, UNAM, Ciudad De Mxico." Huitzil Revista De Ornitologia Mexicana 2008: 1219. Print. Consejo Internacional Para La Preservacin De Las Aves. 2nd ed. Vol. 9. N.p.: n.p., n.d.

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO

Appendix

Figure 1. Geografiphical Location of Las Fuentes Colony in Guadalajara, Jalisco (source Google Maps 2012) Table 1. List of current birds in the colony of Las Fuentes, Zapopan, Jalisco.

Status

Abundance

Order Columbiformes Family Columbidae Columbina inca Columbina passerina Resident Resident Common Common

Order Apodiformes Family Trochilidae Amazilia violiceps Lampornis clemenciae Resident Resident Common Uncommon

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO

Order Piciformes Family Picidae Melanerpes aurifrons Resident Common

Order Passeriformes Family Tyrannidae Pyrocephalus rubinus Family Tyranninae Tyrannus melancholicus Tyrannus crassirostris Tyrannus verticalis Tyrannus vociferans Myiozetetes similis Family Hirundinidae Hirundo rustica Family Regulidae Regulus calendula Family Turdidae Turdus rufopalliatus Family Parulidae Mniotilta varia Family Mimidae Melanotis caerulescens Family Cardinalidae Piranga Ludoviciana Piranga flava Family Icteridae Migratory Resident Common Common Resident Common Migratory Common Resident Common Migratory Common Resident/Migratory Common Resident/Migratory Resident Resident/Migratory Resident Resident Common Common Common Common Common Resident Common

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO

Icterus bullocki Quiscal mexicanus Family Carduelinae Carpodacus mexicanus Family Passeridae Passer domesticus

Resident/Migratory Resident

Common Common

Resident

Common

Resident

Common

Order Psittaciformes Family Psittadae Amazona sp Undefined Undefined

Figure 2. Amazilia violiceps

Figure 3. Quiscal mexicanus

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO

Figure 4. Melanotis caerulescens

Figure 5. Turdus rufopalliatus

Figure 6. Amazona sp

Figure. 7 Columbina passerina

AVIFAUNA EN LA COLONIA LAS FUENTES/BIRDS OF COLONIA LAS FUENTES ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MXICO

Abundance of Birds (more than 30 birds) Medium (more than 15 less than 30) Low (less than 15)

Figure 8. Specific studied areas

Table 2. Biostatistics (Shannon index) Shannon Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 H' 1.268065218 0.869217497 0.922743216 0.348832096 0.989919983 1.506485395 Hmax 1.791759505 1.791759505 1.609437912 0.693147181 1.386294361 1.945910149 Differentiation 0.523694287 0.922542008 0.686694696 0.344315085 0.396374378 0.439424754