Hindu astrology

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jyotisha ( Or Jyotish from Sanskrit jyotia, from jytis- "light, heavenly body") is the traditional Hindu system of
astronomy and astrology. Also known as Hindu astrology, and Indian astrology more recently Vedic astrology. The term
Hindu astrology had been in use as the English equivalent of Jyotia since the early 19th century. Vedic astrology is a
relatively recent term, entering common usage in the 1980s with self-help publications on yurveda or Yoga. The qualifier
"Vedic" is however something of a misnomer,
[1][2][3]
as there is no mention of Jyotia in the Vedas, and historical
documentation suggests horoscopic astrology in the Indian subcontinent was a Hellenic influence post-dating the Vedic
period.
[4]
This, however, is widely debated since an authoritative work on Jyotish called the Bhat Parara Horstra is
said to be spoken by Sage Parashara who existed before the Hellenic Period and contributed to Rigveda.
It has been divided into three main branches:
[5]
Siddhnta: Indian astronomy.
Sahit: Mundane astrology, predicting important events related to countries such as war, earthquakes, political
events, financial positions, electional astrology, house and construction related matters (Vstu stra), animals,
portents, omens, and so on.
Hor: Predictive astrology in detail.
Contents
1 History
2 Modern India
2.1 Status of astrology
3 Elements
3.1 Ri zodiacal signs
3.2 Nakatras - lunar mansions
3.3 Da-s planetary periods
3.4 Grahas planets
3.4.1 Gocharas transits
3.4.2 Yogas planetary combinations
3.5 Bhvas houses
3.5.1 Dis aspects
4 Science and the Philosophy of Science
4.1 Testing Hindu astrology
5 See also
6 References
7 Bibliography
8 External links
History
Further information: Indian astronomy and Hindu chronology
Jyotia is one of the Vedga, the six auxiliary disciplines used to support Vedic rituals.
[6]:376
Early jyotia is concerned
with the preparation of a calendar to fix the date of sacrificial rituals.
[6]:377
Nothing is written on planets.
[6]:377
There are
mentions of eclipse causing "demons" in the Atharvaveda and Chndogya Upaniad, the Chndogya mentioning
Rhu.
[6]:382
In fact the term graha, which is now taken to mean planet, originally meant demon.
[6]:381
The gveda also
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mentions an eclipse causing demon, Svarbhnu, however the specific term of "graha" becomes applied to Svarbhnu in the
later Mahbhrata and Rmyaa.
[6]:382
The foundation of Hindu astrology is the notion of bandhu of the Vedas, (scriptures), which is the connection between the
microcosm and the macrocosm. Practice relies primarily on the sidereal zodiac, which is different from the tropical zodiac
used in Western (Hellenistic) astrology in that an ayana adjustment is made for the gradual precession of the vernal
equinox. Hindu astrology includes several nuanced sub-systems of interpretation and prediction with elements not found in
Hellenistic astrology, such as its system of lunar mansions (Nakatra).
It is only after the Greek settlement in Bactria (third century BC) that explicit references to planets are attested in Sanskrit
texts.
[6]:382
It was only after the transmission of Hellenistic astrology that the order of planets in India was fixed in that of
the seven-day week.
[6]:383
Hellenstic astrology and astronomy also transmitted the twelve zodiacal signs beginning with
Aries and the twelve astrological places beginning with the ascendant.
[6]:384
The first evidence of the introduction of Greek
astrology to India is the Yavanajtaka which dates to the early centuries CE.
[6]:383
The Yavanajtaka ("Sayings of the
Greeks") was translated from Greek to Sanskrit by Yavanevara during the 2nd century CE, under the patronage of the
Western Satrap Saka king Rudradaman I, and is considered the first Indian astrological treatise in the Sanskrit language.
[7]
However the only version that survives is the later verse version of Sphujidhvaja which dates to AD 270.
[6]:383
The first
Indian astronomical text to define the weekday was the ryabhaya of ryabhaa (born AD 476).
[6]:383
According to
Michio Yano, Indian astronomers must have been occupied with the task of Indianizing and Sanskritizing Greek astronomy
during the 300 or so years between the first Yavanajataka and the ryabhaya.
[6]:388
The astronomical texts of these 300
years are lost.
[6]:388
The later Pacasiddhntik of Varhamihira summarizes the five known Indian astronomical schools of
the sixth century.
[6]:388
It is interesting to note that Indian astronomy preserved some of the older pre-Ptolemaic elements of
Greek astronomy.
[6]:389
The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval compilations, notably the Bhat Parara
Horstra, and Srval by Kalyavarma. The Horshastra is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part
(chapters 151) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 5271) to the later 8th century. The
Srval likewise dates to around 800 CE.
[8]
English translations of these texts were published by N.N. Krishna Rau and
V.B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively.
Modern India
David Pingree notes that astrology and traditional medicine are the two traditional sciences that have survived best in
modern India, although both have been much transformed by their western counterparts.
[9]
Astrology remains an important facet in the lives of many Hindus. In Hindu culture, newborns are traditionally named
based on their jyotia charts, and astrological concepts are pervasive in the organization of the calendar and holidays as well
as in many areas of life, such as in making decisions made about marriage, opening a new business, and moving into a new
home. Astrology retains a position among the sciences in modern India.
[10]
Following a judgement of the Andhra Pradesh
High Court in 2001, some Indian universities offer advanced degrees in astrology.
[11]
Astrology remains an important facet of Hindu folk belief in contemporary India. Many Hindus believe that heavenly
bodies, including the planets, have an influence throughout the life of a human being, and these planetary influences are the
"fruit of karma." The Navagraha, planetary deities, are considered subordinate to Ishvara, i.e., the Supreme Being, in the
administration of justice. Thus, these planets can influence earthly life.
[12]
Status of astrology
See also: Astrology and science
In the early 2000s, under the Bharatiya Janata Party led government in India, astrology became a topic of political
contention between the religious right and academic establishment, comparable to the "Creation science" debate in US
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education.
The University Grants Commission and the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government decided to
introduce "Jyotir Vigyan" (i.e. jyotir vijna) or "Vedic astrology" as a discipline of study in Indian universities, saying that
"vedic astrology is not only one of the main subjects of our traditional and classical knowledge but this is the discipline,
which lets us know the events happening in human life and in universe on time scale."
[13]
The decision was backed up by
the Andhra Pradesh High Court, despite widespread protests from the scientific community in India and Indian scientists
working abroad.
[14]
A petition sent to the Supreme Court of India stated that the introduction of astrology to university
curricula is "a giant leap backwards, undermining whatever scientific credibility the country has achieved so far", but it
refused to intervene in the matter.
[13]
In 2004, the Supreme Court dismissed a further petition, judging that the teaching of astrology does not qualify as
promotion of religion.
[15]
In February 2011, the Bombay High Court reaffirmed astrology's standing in India when it
dismissed a case which had challenged it status as a science.
[16]
Elements
There are sixteen Varga (Sanskrit: varga, 'part, division'), or divisional, charts used in Hindu astrology:
[17]:6164
Ri zodiacal signs
Around 2500 BC many extant texts were written by sages such Agastya and Bhrigu. Each sign was divided in three more
strata called "charna" similar to decanates of Western astrology.
The Nirayana, or sidereal zodiac, is an imaginary belt of 360 degrees, which, like the Syana, or tropical zodiac, is divided
into 12 equal parts. Each twelfth part (of 30 degrees) is called a sign or ri (Sanskrit: 'part'). Vedic (Jyotia) and Western
zodiacs differ in the method of measurement. While synchronically, the two systems are identical, Jyotia uses primarily the
sidereal zodiac (in which stars are considered to be the fixed background against which the motion of the planets is
measured), whereas most Western astrology uses the tropical zodiac (the motion of the planets is measured against the
position of the Sun on the Spring equinox). This difference becomes noticeable over time. After two millennia, as a result of
the precession of the equinoxes, the origin of the ecliptic longitude has shifted by about 22 degrees. As a result the
placement of planets in the Jyotia system is consistent with the actual zodiac, while in western astrology the planets fall
into the following sign, as compared to their placement in the sidereal zodiac, about two thirds of the time.
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Nakshatras
Number Sanskrit
International
Alphabet of
Sanskrit
Transliteration
Sanskrit
gloss
Western
name
Greek Gloss
Tattva
(Element)
Quality
Ruling
Planet
1 Mea ram Aries ram
Tejas
(Fire)
Cara
(Movable)
Mars
2

Vabha bull Taurus bull

Prithivi
(Earth)
Sthira
(Fixed)
Venus
3 Mithuna twins Gemini twins
Vayu
(Air)
Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Mercury
4 Karkaa crab Cancer crab
Jala
(Water)
Cara
(Movable)
Moon
5 Siha lion Leo lion
Tejas
(Fire)
Sthira
(Fixed)
Sun
6 7 Kany girl Virgo virgin
Prithivi
(Earth)
Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Mercury
7 Tul balance Libra balance
Vayu
(Air)
Cara
(Movable)
Venus
8

Vcika scorpion Scorpio o scorpion

Jala
(Water)
Sthira
(Fixed)
Mars
9 Dhanus bow Sagittarius archer
Tejas
(Fire)
Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Jupiter
10 Makara sea-monster Capricorn goat-horned
Prithivi
(Earth)
Cara
(Movable)
Saturn
11

+ Kumbha pitcher Aquarius

water-
pourer
Vayu
(Air)
Sthira
(Fixed)
Saturn
12 Mna fish Pisces fishes
Jala
(Water)
Dvisvabhava
(Dual)
Jupiter
Nakatras - lunar mansions
A Nakatra or lunar mansion is one of the 27 divisions of the sky, identified by the
prominent star(s) in them, used in Hindu astrology.
[17]:168
Historical (medieval) Hindu astrology enumerated either 27 or 28 nakatras. Today,
popular usage favours a rigid system of 27 nakatras covering 1320 of the ecliptic
each. The missing 28th nakshatra is Abhijeeta. Each nakatra is divided into quarters
or padas of 320. Of the greatest importance is the Abhieka Nakatra which is the
King amongst all the Nakatras and worshipping and propitiating this Nakatra has
the power to remedy all the other Nakatras. Remedial measures
(http://planetarytransformation.blogspot.com/2006/08/choose-chart-analysis-
you-want.html) are in general the high-water mark of all realistic predictive astrology work and go a long way in mitigating
Karma.
Da-s planetary periods
The word Dasha (Devangar: , Sanskrit,da, 'planetary period') means 'state of being' and therefore the Da governs
to a large extent the state of being of a person. The Da system shows which planets may be said to have become
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particularly active during the period of the Da. The ruling planet (the Dantha or 'lord of the Da') eclipses the mind of
the native, compelling him or her to act as per the nature of the planet.
There are several dasha systems, each with its own utility and area of application. There are Das of Grahas (planets) as
well as Das of the Ris (signs). The primary system used by astrologers is the Viottar Da system, which has been
considered universally applicable in the Kaliyuga to all horoscopes.
The first Mah-Da is determined by the position of the natal Moon in a given Nakatra. The lord of the Nakatra governs
the Da. Each Mah-D is divided into sub-periods called bhuktis, or antar-das, which are proportional divisions of
the maha-dasa. Further proportional sub-divisions can be made (but error margin based on accuracy of the birth-time grows
exponentially). The next sub-division is called pratyantar-da, which can in turn be divided into sookshma-antardasa,
which can in turn be divided into praana-antarda, which can be sub-divided into deha-antarda. Such sub-divisions also
exist in all other Da systems, some of which have been named above.
Grahas planets
Nine grahas (Navagrahas) are used.
[17]:3851
from Grah (Devangar: 0, Sanskrit: graha, 'seizing, laying hold of,
holding')
[18]
The Nine Planets of Vedic Astrology or Jyotia are the forces that capture or eclipse the mind and the decision making of
the human being-thus the term 'Graha'. When the Grahas are active in their Das or periodicities they are particularly
empowered to direct the affairs of the person or the inanimate being as the case may be. Even otherwise, Grahas are always
busy capturing us in some way or other, for better or for worse.
Gocharas transits
The natal chart shows the position of the grahas at the moment of birth. Since that moment, the grahas have continued to
move around the zodiac, interacting with the natal chart grahas. This period of interaction is called Gochara (Sanskrit:
gochara, 'transit').
[17]:227
The study of transits is based not only on the transit of the Moon/ Cadra, which spans roughly two days, but also the
movement of the slightly faster planets such as Mercury/Budha and Venus/ ukra. The movement of the slower planets
Guru, ani and Rhu-Ketu is always of considerable import. Astrologers must study the transit of the Da lord and must
also study transits from various reference points in the horoscope.
Yogas planetary combinations
Yoga (Sanskrit: yoga, 'union') is a combination of planets placed in a specific relationship to each other.
[17]:265
The word
means 'yoking' which is a coming together of astrological entities.
It is usually advisable to study the underlying theme behind the Yogas rather than attempting to memorize them. Rja Yogas
are givers of fame, status and authority and are formed typically by the association of lord of Kedras/ quadrants when
reckoned from the Lagna/ ascendant and lords of the Tkoa/ trines. The Rjayogas are culminations of the blessings of
Viu and Lakm. Some planets such as Mars for Leo Lagna do not need another Graha so as to create Rjayoga but is
capable of suo-moto giving Rjayoga due to its lordship of the 4th Bhva and the 9th Bhva from the Lagna, the two being
a Kedra and Tkoa Bhva respectively.
Dhana Yogas are formed due to the association of wealth giving planets such as the Dhanea or the 2nd Lord and the
Lbhea or the 11th Lord from the Lagna. Dhana Yogas are also formed due to the auspicious placement of the Drpada/
A7 when reckoned from the rha Lagna (AL). The combination of the Lagnea and the Bhgyea also leads to wealth
through the Lakm Yoga.
Sanysa Yogas are formed due to the placement of four or more Grahas excluding the Sun in a Kedra Bhva from the
Lagna.
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There are some overarching Yogas in Jyotia such as Amvasy Doa, Kla Sarpa Yoga-Kla Amta Yoga and Graha
Mlika Yoga which can take precedence over planetary placements in the horoscope.
Bhvas houses
The Hindu Jtaka, or Birth Chart, is the Bhva (Sanskrit: 'division') Cakra (Sanskrit: 'wheel'), the complete 360 circle of
life, divided into houses, and represents our way of enacting the influences in the wheel. Each house has associated kraka
(Sanskrit: 'significator') planets that can alter the interpretation of a particular house.
[17]:93167
Each Bhva spans an arc of
30 degrees and therefore there are twelve Bhvas in any chart of the horoscope. These are a crucial part of any horoscopic
study since the Bhvas, understood as 'state of being' personalize the Ris/ Rashis to the native and each Ri/ Rashi apart
from indicating its true nature reveals its impact on the person based on the Bhva occupied. The best way to study the
various facets of Jyotia is to see their role in chart evaluation of actual persons and how these are construed.
Dis aspects
Drishti (Sanskrit: Di, 'sight') is an aspect to an entire house. Grahas cast only forward aspects, with the furthest aspect
being considered the strongest. For example, Mars aspects the 4th, 7th, and 8th houses from its position, and its 8th house
aspect is considered more powerful than its 7th aspect, which is in turn more powerful than its 4th aspect.
[17]:2627
.
The principle of Dristi (aspect) was devised on the basis of the aspect of an army of planets as deity and demon in a war
field.
[19][20]
Thus the Sun, a Deity King with only one full aspect, is more powerful then the Demon King Saturn, which has
three full aspects.
Aspects can be cast both by the planets (Graha Di) and by the signs (Ri Di). Planetary aspects are a function of
desire, while sign aspects are a function of awareness and cognizance.
There are some higher aspects of Graha Di (planetary aspects) that are not limited to the Viea Di or the special
aspects. Ri Di works based on the following formulaic structure: all movable signs aspect fixed signs except the one
adjacent, and all dual and mutable signs aspect each other without exception.
Science and the Philosophy of Science
Main article: Astrology and science
Astrology has been rejected by the scientific community as having no explanatory power for describing the universe.
Scientific testing of astrology has been conducted, and no evidence has been found to support any of the premises or
purported effects outlined in astrological traditions.
[21]:424
There is no proposed mechanism of action by which the
positions and motions of stars and planets could affect people and events on Earth that does not contradict well understood,
basic aspects of biology and physics.
[22][23]:249
Astrologers in Indian astrology make grand claims without taking adequate controls into consideration. Saturn was in Aries
in 1909, 1939 and 1968, yet the astrologer Bangalore Venkata Raman claimed that "when Saturn was in Aries in 1939
England had to declare war against Germany", ignoring the two other dates.
[24]
Astrologers regularly fail in attempts to predict election results in India, and fail to predict major events such as the
assassination of Indira Gandhi. Predictions by the head of the Indian Astrologers Federation about war between India and
Pakistan in 1982 also failed. Rather astrologers generally prefer to only predict generic complementary things to specific
individuals.
[24]
Testing Hindu astrology
In one test, 27 Indian astrologers, with the appropriate horoscopes, failed to determine the intelligence difference between
100 mentally bright and 100 mentally handicapped children at a rate higher than that determined by chance alone in a
double blind test. The astrologers had, on average, 14 years experience. A team of astrologers from one astrologers institute
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also performed at chance expectation. The president of the Maharashtra Astrological Society claimed to be able to predict
sex and intelligence 60 per cent of the time each, but he performed no better than chance in double blind conditions.
[24]
See also
Archaeoastronomy and Vedic chronology
Hindu calendar
Hindu chronology
Hindu cosmology
History of astrology
Indian astronomy
Jyotia resources
Nadi astrology
Panchanga
List of vedic astrology software
References
^ Kula Siddhnta, "Some
questions concerning the UGC
course in astrology", Breakthrough,
Vol.9, No.2, November 2001, p.3
(http://www.ee.iitkgp.ernet.in
/~soumitro/bt/archives/astrology.pdf)
1.
^ Narlikar (2001) 2.
^ P. Norelli-Bahelet (2002) 3.
^ Pingree(1981), p.67ff, 81ff, 101ff 4.
^ triskandham jyautiam hor
ganitam samhiteti ca BPHS 1.2
5.
^
a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

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m

n

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p
Flood,
Gavin. Yano, Michio. 2003. The
Blackwell Companion to Hinduism.
Malden: Blackwell.
6.
^ Mc Evilley "The shape of ancient
thought", p385 ("The Yavanajtaka
is the earliest surviving Sanskrit text
in horoscopy, and constitute the basis
of all later Indian developments in
horoscopy", himself quoting David
Pingree "The Yavanajtaka of
Sphujidhvaja" p5)
7.
^ David Pingree, Jyotistra (J.
Gonda (Ed.) A History of Indian
Literature, Vol VI Fasc 4), p.81
8.
^ David Pingree, review of G.
Prakash, Science and the
Imagination of Modern India,
Journal of the American Oriental
Society (2002), p. 154 f.
9.
^ "In countries such as India, where
only a small intellectual elite has
been trained in Western physics,
astrology manages to retain here and
there its position among the
sciences." David Pingree and Robert
Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In
10.
India; Astrology in modern times"
Encyclopdia Britannica 2008
^ Mohan Rao, Female foeticide:
where do we go? Indian Journal of
Medical Ethics Oct-Dec2001-9(4),
issuesinmedicalethics.org
(http://www.issuesinmedicalethics.or
g/094co123.html); T. Jayaraman, A
judicial blow, Frontline Volume 18
Issue 12, Jun. 09 22, 2001
hinduonnet.com
(http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1812
/18120970.htm)
11.
^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry,
pg. 134, at Google Books
(http://books.google.com
/books?id=49GVZGD8d4oC&
pg=PA132&dq=shani+karma&
lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&
q=shani%20karma&f=false)
12.
^
a

b
Supreme Court questions 'Jyotir
Vigyan', Times of India, 3 September
2001 timesofindia.indiatimes.com
(http://articles.timesofindia.indiatime
s.com/2001-09-03/india
/27224563_1_vedic-astrology-
ugc-universities)
13.
^ T. Jayaraman, A judicial blow,
Frontline Volume 18 Issue 12, June
09 22, 2001 hinduonnet.com
(http://www.hinduonnet.com
/thehindu/fline/fl1812
/18120970.htm)
14.
^ Supreme Court: Teaching of
astrology no promotion of religion
(http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt
/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=26188);
Introduction of Vedic astrology
courses in universities upheld
15.
(http://www.hindu.com/2004/05
/06/stories/2004050602931400.htm)
^ 'Astrology is a science: Bombay
HC', The Times of India
(http://articles.timesofindia.indiatime
s.com/2011-02-03/india
/28356472_1_astrology-advocate-
for-maharashtra-government-
dattaram-kumkar), 3 February 2011
16.
^
a

b

c

d

e

f

g
Sutton, Komilla (1999).
The Essentials of Vedic Astrology,
The Wessex Astrologer Ltd, England
17.
^ Sanskrit-English Dictionary by
Monier-Williams, (c) 1899
18.
^ Sanat Kumar Jain, 'Astrology a
science or myth', Atlantic Publishers,
New Delhi.
19.
^ Sanat Kumar Jain, "Jyotish Kitna
Sahi Kitna Galat' (Hindi).
20.
^ Zarka, Philippe (2011).
"Astronomy and astrology".
Proceedings of the International
Astronomical Union 5 (S260):
420425.
doi:10.1017/S1743921311002602
(http://dx.doi.org
/10.1017%2FS1743921311002602).
21.
^ Proceedings of the Biennial
Meeting of the Philosophy of Science
Association, vol. 1
(http://www.cavehill.uwi.edu/bnccde
/PH29A/thagard.html). Dordrecht
u.a.: Reidel u.a. 1978.
ISBN 978-0-917586-05-7.
"Chapter 7: Science and
Technology: Public Attitudes
and Understanding"
(http://www.nsf.gov/statistics
/seind06/c7/c7s2.htm#c7s2l3).
22.
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science and engineering
indicators 2006. National
Science Foundation.
Retrieved 28 July 2012.
"About three-fourths of
Americans hold at least one
pseudoscientific belief; i.e.,
they believed in at least 1 of
the 10 survey items[29]" ..."
Those 10 items were
extrasensory perception
(ESP), that houses can be
haunted, ghosts/that spirits of
dead people can come back in
certain places/situations,
telepathy/communication
between minds without using
traditional senses,
clairvoyance/the power of the
mind to know the past and
predict the future,
astrology/that the position of
the stars and planets can affect
people's lives, that people can
communicate mentally with
someone who has died,
witches, reincarnation/the
rebirth of the soul in a new
body after death, and
channeling/allowing a "spirit-
being" to temporarily assume
control of a body."
^ Vishveshwara, edited by S.K.
Biswas, D.C.V. Mallik, C.V. (1989).
Cosmic perspectives : essays
dedicated to the memory of M.K.V.
Bappu (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge
[England]: Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 0-521-34354-2.
23.
^
a

b

c
V. Narlikar, Jayant
(March/April 2013). "An Indian Test
of Indian Astrology"
(http://www.csicop.org/si/show
/an_indian_test_of_indian_astrology)
. Skeptical inquirer 37.2.
24.
Bibliography
Further information: Jyotia bibliography
Kim Plofker, "South Asian mathematics; The role of astronomy and astrology", Encyclopdia Britannica (online
edition, 2008)
David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in modern times", Encyclopdia
Britannica (online edition, 2008)
"Hindu Chronology" (http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Hindu_Chronology) Encyclopdia Britannica Eleventh
Edition (1911)
David Pingree, "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran", Isis Journal of The History of Science Society (1963),
229246.
David Pingree, Jyotistra in J. Gonda (ed.) A History of Indian Literature, Vol VI, Fasc 4, Otto Harrassowitz,
Wiesbaden (1981).
Ebenezer Burgess, "On the Origin of the Lunar Division of the Zodiac represented in the Nakshatra System of the
Hindus", Journal of the American Oriental Society (1866).
William D. Whitney, "On the Views of Biot and Weber Respecting the Relations of the Hindu and Chinese Systems
of Asterisms"", Journal of the American Oriental Society (1866).
Satish Chandra, "Religion and State in India and Search for Rationality", Social Scientist (2002).
Sanat Kumar Jain, "Astrology a science or myth" highlighting how every principle like signlord, aspect, friendship-
enmity, exalted-debilitated, Mool trikon, dasha, Rahu-Ketu, etc. were framed on the basis of the ancient concept that
Sun is nearer than the Moon from the Earth, etc.
External links
Hindu astrology (http://www.dmoz.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Divination/Astrology/Vedic/) at the Open
Directory Project
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&oldid=566938175"
Categories: Vedangas Hindu astrology Hindu astronomy New Age
This page was last modified on 3 August 2013 at 02:52.
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Hindu astrology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_astrology
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