Different Parties of a Documentary Credit

Normally the following parties are involved to a documentary credit.

1. The Issuing Bank or opening bank

This issuing bank of opening bank is the bank of importer’s who issues a Letter of Credit
being requested by the importer on the basis of the terms and conditions of concerned
sales contract.

2. Nominated bank or Intermediary Bank

Nominated bank or Intermediary bank may be:

i) The Advising Bank/Notifying Bank

The advising /notifying bank is the bank through which the L/C is advised to
the exporter without engagement on the part of the advising bank. However,
the advising bank shall take reasonable care to check the apparent authenticity
of the L/C, which it advises. It is located in the same area of the exporter and
it may be a branch or a corresponding of the opening bank/issuing bank.

ii) The confirming Bank

Sometimes the beneficiary of the L/C desires that the L/C must be confirmed
by a bank in his own country. This is a third Bank who gives assurance for
payment to the beneficiary in addition to the issuing bank.

iii) Negotiating Bank

In letter of credit, a negotiating bank is a bank that takes up the documents

from the beneficiary, examines the same and if the terms of the L/C are
complied with then gives value to the beneficiary for those documents. In
simpler terms, the negotiating bank purchase letter of credit documents from
the L/C beneficiary, paying the beneficiary either at a discount from the face
value of the documents or against the payment of fees. This bank is authorized
to claim and get reimbursement of the amount paid by them on negotiation of
documents from the issuing bank. Usually this is exporter’s Bank who
purchases the export documents.

iv) Accepting Bank

Accepting bank is the bank nominated in the letter of credit to accept usance
bills drawn under the credit. If the bank, so nominated, accepts the
nomination, its responsibility to the beneficiary is not only to accept the drafts
drawn, but also to make payment on their due dates.
 v) Paying Bank

This bank is a bank, which is nominated in the letter of credit to make

payment against documents to be tendered under the credit. Paying bank must
examine all documents with reasonable care to ascertain that these are drawn
in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit. It is banks situated
in the beneficiary’s country i.e. exporter’s country.

vi) Reimbursing Bank

The reimbursing bank is a bank with whom the issuing bank maintains an
account. This bank acts as Agent of the issuing bank and is authorized to make
payment or to honour reimbursing claim of the Negotiating Bank.

vii) The Transferring Bank

In case of transferable L/C, the first beneficiary may transfer the L/C to the
second beneficiary through a Bank nominated by the Issuing Bank. This
nominated Bank is called the Transferring bank.

3. The Applicant or Buyer (Importer)

Importer or buyer is the applicant of a Letter of Credit. Applicant must be the client of the
Issuing Bank. Under the application cum agreement for opening the credit, the applicant
agrees that till reimburses the issuing bank, the goods that are covered they the
documents shall stand charged to the bank. The applicant is liable to indemnify the banks
against all obligations. And responsibilities imposed by foreign law and usages.

4. The Beneficiary or Seller (Exporter)

Exporter or seller of the goods in the Beneficiary of a letter of credit. The letter of credit
is opened in his favour and is addressed to him. The beneficiary has the obligation to
make export as per the contract and produce the documents as required by the credit.