HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DELIVERY CISTERN (Designing cistern as a vertical drop)

Design Data :
Total Discharge
No. of Pipes
Dia. of the Pipe
Spacing b/w Pipes
i. Details of D/S Canal :
F.S.L.
C.B.L.
Bed width
Average G.L.
FSD

=
=
=
=

79.2
2
4
17

=
=
=
=
=

+ 588.525
+ 585.025
17.40
+ 588.500
3.50

Cumecs
No's
m
m

m
m
m
m
m

1. Hydraulic Calculations :
Width of Cistern
M.W.L. in Cistern
Delivery level for syphon action
C.L. of Delivery Pipe in cistern (D.L.) = M.W.L. - Dia.
Cistern Floor Level = D.L. - 1.5 * Dia.
Spillway Crest Level
Discharge through each pipe
Area of the Pipe
Velocity in the pipe
Velocity head ( Vh = V2/2g )
T.E.L ( D.L.+ Dia. + Vh )

=
25 m
=
+ 590.275 m
=
+ 592.275 m
=
+ 586.275 m
= 586.275 - 1.5 * 4
=
+ 580.275 m
=
+ 588.525 m
=
39.600 Cumecs
2
=
12.566 m
=
3.15 m/sec
=
=

0.51 m
+ 588.781 m

586.78

Depth of water (DC)

Head Loss ( HL )

=
=

10.00 m
2.00 m

-1.744

Head of water ( DC)

Length of Cistern = 5 * sqrt ( HL * DC )

=
=

6.00 m
17.321 m
17.500 m

3.49 m

Say
2. Check for Straight length :
Jet Length (X) = V

( 2*H / g )

25
17.40
+ 580.275 m
17.50 m

Plan of Cistern :

MWL + 590.275
Crest + 588.525

FSL + 588.525

+ 586.275

CBL + 585.025
+ 584.025 m
+ 580.275

Longitudianal Section :

-2.814

DESIGN OF OGEE SPILLWAY

Discharge Computations :
Discharge to be considered (Q)

=
=
=
=
=
=

MWL
CrestLevel
Floor Level
TWL

79.20
2797
+ 590.275
+ 588.525
+ 580.275
+ 588.525

Cumecs
Cusecs
m
m
m
m

The discharge over the spillway is calculated as per the following formula
Cd L H 3/2
Q
=
where Cd

(2/3)sqrt(2g)C

Height of the spillway crest measured from the Floor level ( P )

P
=
Crest Level - Floor Level
=
588.525 - 580.275
=
8.25
m
Assume design head (Hd)
=
1.75
MWL
=
+588.525
+
=
+590.275

1.75

Proposing U/S face of the spillway is vertical :

P/Hd

As per fig.3 of IS 6934:1998, for

C
Cd

=
=
=
=

Cd

8.25 / 1.75
4.71
0.741
( As per IS: 6934 fig.3)
2/3 x sqrt(2 x 9.81) x0.741
2.2

Length of the spillway required to discharge the maximum flood

=
=

However provide length of spillway =

The discharge over the spillway

17.4
Q

Q/(CdH3/2)
15.55 m

m
=
=
=

Cd L H 3/2
2.2 * 17.4 * ((1.75) ^1.5)
88.62
cumecs Hence OK

Effect of tail water on discharge coefficient (Effect of submergence)

As per fig.5A of IS 6934:1998:
Cs
=
Discharge coefficient as affected by submergence of crest
Hd
=
Head of overflow
=
1.75
h
=
MWL - tail water level
=
+590.275
=
1.75
h
=
1.75
Hd
1.75
As per fig.5A of IS 6934:1998, for

h
Hd

=
=

1.75 / 1.75
1.00

Cs
Cd

0.90

+588.525

Cs

=
=

0.90
2.0

x 2.2

By Using the corrected coefficient, the discharge formula

79.2
=
2.2 x L x 1.75
L
=
79.2 / (1.98 * (1.75 ^1.5))
=
17m
Shape of the Profile :
Upstream quadrant:
The upstream quadrant of the crest may conform to the ellipse:
X12
Y12
+
A12
P/Hd

As per fig.2of IS 6934:1998, for

hence

A1/Hd
A1
P/Hd

As per fig.2of IS 6934:1998, for

hence

= 1

B12

B1/Hd
B1

=
=
=

4.714
0.29
0.5075

=
=
=

4.71
0.164
0.287

X1
Y1

=
=

Upstream co-ordinates:
X1
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.405
0.508
RL of upstream tangent point (TP)

Y1
0.287
0.286
0.281
0.274
0.264
0.250
0.231
0.208
0.177
0.173
0.000
=
=
=

0.508
0.287

Crest level - depth of U/s quadrant

+ 588.525
0.287
+ 588.238

Downstream Profile:
The downstream quadrant of the crest may conform to the equation:
X21.85
K2 Hd0.85 Y2
=
.(1)
P/Hd
=
4.714

P/Hd

As per fig.2of IS 6934:1998, for

Hence

K2

4.714

1.609

1.85
0.311 X2

.(2)

2.0

Substituting the above values in the equation (1)

X21.85
=
2.0
X21.85
=
3.218 Y2
Y2

Y2

To get tangent point, differentiating and equating to glacis slope

dy2 / dx2

0.311

dy2 / dx2

0.85
0.575 X2

Proposing glacis slope of

0.575

x20.85

x20.85

X2

=
=

X2

0.8
(H)
1
0.8
1.2500
0.575
2.174 1.176
2.494 m

1.85

1
(V)
1.25

2.174

X2 0.85

Substituting this x2 value in Equation (2) above

Y2

=
=

Y2

0.311
1.686 m

2.494

1.85

Downstream co-ordinates:
X2
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.494

Y2
0.000
0.086
0.311
0.658
1.120
1.685

R.L. of TP1

=
=
=

R.L. of TP1
+ 588.525
Crest level
+ 588.238
RL of TP

Crest level - depth D/s profile (Y2)

588.5
1.686
+ 586.839 m

O
0.287
0.508
X1

Y1

X2
Base width of spillway at TP1

+ 586.839

2.494
=
=

1.686 m
Y2
+ 586.839
RL of TP1
0.508
+
3.002 m

2.494

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF OGEE SPILLWAY :

MWL

+590.28
W7

1.8
FTL +588.53
0.287

1.8

W5
W6

0.508

1.686
W4

W H1
WH

8.25
WH

W1

2.494
W2

TWL

588.525

0.8

7.96

W H1

6.564

W3
+580.28
8.25

8.25

0.508

2.494

5.251

8.253
8.253

WU
10.00

8.25

Uplift Pressure diagram

Case 1 : When water is up to crest level @ U/S & No water @ D/S
Taking moments about "A"
Sl
Load Description
Force
H
V
W1
1
0.508
x 7.963 x 2.40
9.699
W2
2
2.494
x 6.56
x 2.40
39.289

LA
0.254

Moment
M
2.461

1.755

68.933

W3

0.5 x 5.25

x 6.56

x 2.40

41.363

4.752

196.551

W4

0.67 x 2.494

x 1.686

x 2.40

6.728

1.443

9.707

W5

0.67 x 0.508

x 0.287

x 2.40

0.233

0.317

0.074

W6

0.33 x 0.508

x 0.287

x 1.00

0.049

0.127

0.006

WU

0.50 x 8.253

x 8.250

x 1.00

-34.042

2.751

-93.647

WH

0.5 x 8.25

x 8.25

x 1.00

2.750

93.586
277.671
M

Lever arm
Eccentricity
Allowable 'e'
Maximum stress (at Toe )
Minimum stress (at heel)

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

34.031
34.031
H

97.360
V

277.671 / 97.36
2.852 m
2.852 - 8.253 / 2
1.274 m
8.253 / 6
= 1.375
No tension
277.671 / 8.253 x ( 1+ 6 x 1.274 / 8.253 )
2
64.82 t/m
277.671 / 8.253 x ( 1- 6 x 1.274 / 8.253 )
2
2.47 t/m

Case 2 : When water is up to MWL @ U/S

Taking moments about "A"
S.No
Load
Description

Force
H

LA

x 2.40

V
9.699

0.254

x 2.40

39.289

Moment
H
V
2.461

W1

W2

1.755

68.933

W3

0.5 x 5.25

x 6.56

x 2.40

41.363

4.752

196.551

W4

0.67 x 2.494

x 1.686

x 2.40

6.728

1.443

9.707

W5

0.67 x 0.508

x 0.287

x 2.40

0.233

0.317

0.074

W6

0.333 x 0.508

x 0.287

x 1.00

0.049

0.127

0.006

W7

0.508

1.750 x 2.400

x 1.00

2.132

0.254

0.541

WU

0.50 x 8.253

x 10.000 x 1.00

-41.264

2.751

-113.512

WH

0.5 x 8.25

10

W H1

0.508

x 7.963

2.494 x 6.56

1.75

Lever arm
Eccentricity
Allowable 'e'
Maximum stress (at toe)
Minimum stress (at heel)

x 8.25

x 1.00

34.031

2.750

93.586

x 8.25

x 1.00

14.438
48.469
H

4.125

59.555
317.902
M

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Stresses @

317.902 / 58.228
5.460 m
5.46 - 8.253 / 2
1.333 m
8.253 / 6
1.375
No tension
317.902 / 8.253 x ( 1+ 6 x 1.333 / 8.253 )
2
75.86 t/m
317.902 / 8.253 x ( 1- 6 x 1.333 / 8.253 )
2
1.18 t/m
Case1
t/m2
64.82
2.47

Maximum stress (at heel )

Minimum stress (at Toe)

58.228
V

Case2
t/m2
75.86
1.18

Factor of Safety against sliding

F = [((w u) tan f ) / Ff) + (C.A./Fc)] / P

C =
f =
A =

F
=
w
=
u
=
tan f
=
C
=
A
=
Ff
=
Fc
=
P
=
100 t/m2
30 O
8.2527 Sqm

Factor of safety against sliding

Total mass of the dam
Total uplift force
Co-efficient of internal friction
Cohesion of the material at the plane considered
Area under consideration for cohesion
Partial factor of safety inrespect of friction
Partial factor of safety inrespect of cohesion and
Total horizontal force
Tan f =
Allowable factor of Safety =

0.577
1

Table-1 of IS 6512-1984
Ff

1.5

Fc

3.6

Ff

(W - U)Tanf/Ff

FC

CA / FC

Load
Combin
ation
A

97.36

1.5

37.474

3.60

Factor
of
safety
-

97.36

34.031

1.5

64.907

3.60

229.24

8.643

OK

58.23

48.469

1.5

22.412

3.60

229.24

5.192

OK

Sl

C E
K
H C

ENERGY DISSIPATION ARRANGEMENTS ON D/S OF SPILLWAY

Stilling Basin Type energy dissipation arrangement is proposed as per IS:4997: 1985
Spillway Crest level
Cistern Top level
Cistern Floor Level
TWL
MWL

=
=
=
=
=

+ 588.525
+ 591.275
+ 580.275
+ 588.525
+ 590.275

m
m
m
m
m

Let
Hd

Depth of overflow over spillway (m)

q
d1

=
=

dc

Discharge intensity per metre width in m3/s/m

q / Va
Depth of flow entering to Stilling basin
=
(q2 / g) 1/3
Critical water Depth of flow
=

d2

Sequent Depth

Vt

Theoretical velocity of flow in m/s

Va

H2

sqrt ( 2 g H2 )

Actual velocity of flow in m/s

Depth from (FTL+Hd/2) to Apron Level (m)
=
D/s Retrogressed water Level
=
Assuming Apron Level
=
Hd
=
1.8
H2
=
+ 589.40
+584.025
=
5.375
Q

Cd x L x Hd3/2

q =

Q
L

Cd x Hd3/2

=
=

Vt

=
=
=

1.98
x 1.8
3
m
/s/m
4.584
sqrt ( 2 g H2 )
sqrt
10.27 m/s

1.5

From fig 7 of IS 7365 - 1985

for Hd =
1.750 m

588.025 m
584.025 m

x 9.81

H2

and
Va

x 5.375

0.98

=
=
=

0.98
x
0.98
x
10.065 m/s

5.375 m

Vt
Va

d1

=
=

d1

q
Va
4.584
10.065
0.46 m

Vt
10.270

(As per IS : 7365 - 1985 Clause 4.3.2.1)

Critical Depth (dc) =

q2

1/3

( As per IS: 4997-1968 Cla.4.3.2 )

g
dc

dc

1/3

21.01
9.81
1.29 m

Froud Number of jet entering bucket ( Fr1) =

1.289 m

Va
sqrt(g* d1)

Fr1

10.065
2.124

4.738

From IS : 4997 - 1985 Clause 4.3.2

d2

=
=

d2

Level at which jump will form

d1
2
0.46
2
3.157
=
=
=
=
say

Provide Cistern Level at

From IS : 4997 - 1985 Clause 4.3.2

Loss of Head (HL)
HL

2
1 + 8 Fr

sqrt

13.44

=
HL
Length of Cistern:
Length of Cistern

=
=
=

1
1

m
D/s Retrogressed water level
+ 588.025
3.16
+ 584.868
+ 584.868 m

d2

+ 584.025 m

d2
4

d1

x d1

x d2

3.157
4
x 0.46
19.62
5.81
3.38
m

5 (d2 - d1)
5x
14.00 m

0.46
x 3.16

3.16

0.460

As per Cl 4.3.4.2 of IS : 4997 - 1968 and fig 8A (Recommended Length for Basin 1)
As per Cl 4.3.5.1 of IS : 4997 - 1968 and fig 9A (Recommended Length for Basin 2)
For Froude Number (Fr)
=
4.738
(Basin 2 stilling basin)
Lb

4.8

=
=

4.8
15.15

d2
Lb

x
m

3.16

However provide

16.00 m length of stilling Basin at the level of

+ 584.025 m

As per Cl 4.3.5.2 of IS : 4997 - 1968 and fig 9B (Recommended Height of Basin blocks)
hb

1.5

=
=

1.5
0.69

d1
Height of Basin Blocks

hb

0.46

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF BASIN-I

0.47355

Dentated
Sill

0.6314

2.0 : 1
16.00 m

Calculation of Uplift Pressure and Floor Thickness :

MWL
+590.28
1.75
Crest +588.53
+588.525
8.25
d2 =

0.8
d1=

1
+580.28
0.51
2.494

0.460

4.500
0.10 m thick wearing coat

+ 584.025
5.2512

0.80

3.00

1.90
+577.28

3.00

1
0.5
581.03

0.5
8.253
Solution :
Discharge over the Spillway
Length of Spillway
Width of Canal

8.000
=
=
=

79.2
17.4
17.4

8.000
Cumecs
m
m

0.5

Scour Depth Calculations :

1. At Upstream side :
Discharge per m width of canal, q = Q/b

=
=

79.2 / 17.4
4.551724 cumecs/m

Mean Scour depth R = 1.34 x (q2 / f )1/3

Silt factor,f
=
2
Mean Scour depth , R =
1.34 x ( 4.552 ^2 / 2 ) ^ (1/3) )
= 2.921 m
Max Scour depth , Rmax = 1.5 R =
1.5 x 2.921
= 4.382 m
Scour Level = MWL - Rmax
=
590.275 - 4.382 585.893
Depth of cut-off = 580.275 - 585.893
=
-5.62 m
Depth of U/S Curtain wall = U/S FSD /3
However provide

3.000

2. At Downstream side :
Discharge per m width of canal, q = Q/b

10 / 3

3.333

m below the U/S bed level

=
=

79.2 / 17.4
3.958 cumecs/m

Mean Scour depth R = 1.34 x (q2 / f )1/3

Silt factor , f =
2
Mean Scour depth,R =
1.34 x ( 3.958 ^2 / 2 ) ^ (1/3) )
= 2.661 m
Max Scour depth , Rmax = 2.0 R
= 2.0 x 2.661
= 5.322 m
Scour Level = MWL - Rmax
=
588.525 - 5.322
=583.20
Depth of cut-off = 584.025 - 583.2
=
0.822 m
Depth of D/S Curtain wall = D/S FSD / 2 =
4.5 / 2
=
However provide
3.000 m below the D/S bed level

2.250

EXIT GRADIENT (GE)

d = Depth of D/s cut-off
H
b = floor length
0.5 +8.253+ 8 + 8 + 0.5
= b/d =
2
={1+sqrt(1+ )}/2
GE = 1x H/(sqrt()xxd

=
=

3.000 m
8.250 m

=
=

25.253 m
8.418

=
=

4.738
0.402 Re

Uplift Pressures :
i). At U/S cutt off wall :
= b/d
= 25.2527 / 3
={1+sqrt(1+2)}/2
E =(1/) x cos-1 x ((-2)/)

8.418

=
=

4.738
30 .4%

c1 = 100-E =

70 %

8.418

=
=

4.738
30%

ii). At D/S cut off wall :

= b/d =
={1+sqrt(1+2)}/2=
-1
E =(1/) x cos x ((-2)/) =
25.25

30 %
70%

U/s cut-off

D/s cut-off
after Prejump length
D/S of Body wall
8.500
16.500

Calculation of Floor Thickness :

1. At D/S Body wall :
i. Overflow condition :
Uplift presure at the D/S of body wall

= 30 + ( 70 - 30 ) x 16.5 / 25.253
=
56 %
The Cistern is resting on Impermeable foundations, hece we consider 50% of uplift pressure.
50 % Uplift Pressure
=
28 %
Pressure head = ( H + d - d2 )
= 8.25 + 1.75 - 4.5
=
5.50
m
Effective uplift = Pressure Head x Uplift
= 5.5 x 28
100
=
1.540 m
Thickness of floor required
= 1.54 / 1.4
=
1.10
m
ii. Non-Overflow condition :
Pressure head = H
= 8.25
Effective uplift = Pressure Head x Uplift
= 8.25 x 28
100
=
2.311 m
Thickness of floor required
= 2.311 / 2.4
=
0.96
m
Floor Thickness is provided for Maximum of above 2 conditions .
Thickness of floor provided
=
2.00
m
including wearing coat

2. After Prejump length :

Uplift presure at after prejump length

= 30 + ( 70 - 30 ) x 8.5 / 25.253
=
43.59 %
The Cistern is resting on Impermeable foundations, hece we consider 50% of uplift pressure.
50 % Uplift Pressure
=
22 %
Pressure head = ( H + d - d2 ) x U
= 8.25 + 1.75 - 4.5
=
5.500 m
Effective uplift
= 5.5 x 21.8
=
1.199 m
Thickness of floor required
= 1.199 / 1.4
=
0.856 m
Thickness of floor provided
=
0.90
m
including wearing coat