Air University

Electrical Engineering Department

Digital Data Networks (BETE- VIII)

Experiment # 2 Electronic Pulse Dialing Telephone

Objectives: To discuss the electronic pulse dialing To explain and discuss the operation of the electronic pulse dialing switch. Equipments required: 1. Telephone set available at the lab office. 2. Standard length twisted pair wire. 3. Oscilloscope. Introduction: In the experiment of the last week, we discussed the Bell 500 telephone set; we have seen that it was of rotary dialing type. Today, this type of telephone set is gradually being replaced with semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs). Single-chip ICs are now available that perform dialing and ringing functions and more. Memory and control circuits are included in these ICs for storing and automatically dialing telephone numbers. Instead of a rotary dial switch, a keypad is used to enter the telephone number to the controlling IC. Electronic ringing circuits have replaced the old electromechanical bell with piezoelectric transducers driven by oscillators. Dual-Tone Multifrequency (DTMF):

It is also known as Touch Tone, in this type of telephone a push-button keypad is provided for entering digits instead of rotary dial. The arrangement of the keypad is shown in figure (1).

Figure (1) DTMF frequency and keypad layout. As shown in the figure above, it consists of 12 keys corresponding to the numbers 0 through 9 and the characters * and #. Some keypads include additional four keys, A through D, for special control functions. Four rows and four columns of keys form a frequency matrix consisting of a low band and a high band of frequencies. The frequencies for each row and column are separated by a difference of approximately 10%,

where as the tow bands of frequencies are separated by a difference of approximately 25%. Figure (2) shows the DTMF waveform for digit 5.

Figure (2) DTMF waveforms: (a) 770-Hz LBF (b) 1336-Hz HBF (c) electrical sum of the LBF and HBF producing the DTMF tone for the digit 5.

Some telephone sets still uses the dial pulse terminology that says each button will generates pulses equal to the number being dialed. Dialing a 1, for example, generates one pulse; dialing two will generates two pulses; and so forth. Dialing a zero produces 10 pulses. See figure (3) below for dialing number 6.

Figure (3) Dial pulses generated for the number 6.

Experimental work: 1- Connect the telephone set to socket provided by the central office using the standard twisted pair wire. 2- Using the oscilloscope measure and draw the dial pulses generated for each dialing number. Questions: 1- Determine the raw and column frequencies of the DTMF shown in figure (1) mathematically. 2- What are the DTMF frequencies for the digit 7? 3- What are the advantage of DTMF over rotary dialing?