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5 300
20 415
7 150
Cp
0.3
591.275
W1 W2 W3
0.65 3.5 5
W4
0.6
Design Constants :
m k j Q
= = = =
Priliminary Praportions:Counterfort:Spacing = = = = = = = = = h/3 to h/5 9.8/3 to 9.8/2 3.27 to 4.9 m 3.02 m 0.05h 0.05 x 9.8 0.49 0.5 0.05h 0.05 x 9.8 0.49 0.6 0.08h 0.08 x 9.8 0.784 0.8 0.06h 0.06 x 9.8 0.588 0.65 1.5 x 1.5 x 3.27 4.9 5
Adopt Thickness
m m
= =
m m
= =
m m
= = = = = = =
m m
Adopt x
m m
Stability against overturning :Forces due to active pressure (per m length of wall) Pa = = = Ca h2/2 0.5 x 0.333 x 18 x 9.8^2 288 kN
Mo
= =
Line of action of resultant of vertical forces w.r.t heel,considering 1 m length of the wall Force (kN) - W 18x(3.5-0.3) x(9.8-0.6) 25x(0.3) x(9.8-0.6) (25-18)x0.5x(0.65-0.3) x(9.8-0.6) 25x(0.6) x(3.5) 25x(0.8) x(1.5) Distance from heel(m) 0.5x(3.5-0.3) 1.6 3.5-(0.3/2) 3.35 3.5-0.3-(0.65-0.3)/3 3.08 0.5 x3.5 1.75 0.5 x1.5 0.75
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
Soil Pressure @ footing base:Resultant vertical reaction R = W (per m length of wall) Distance of R from heel Lr = (Mw +Mo)/R Eccentricity e = Lr -0.5 L q min =R/L (1-(6e/L)) q max =R/L(1+(6e/L)) = = 3.13-5/2 = (1228+941.19)/693 0.63 m 33.51 243.57 693 3.13 <L/6 =0.83 > > 0 300 kN m
33.51 243.57 5 Stability against Sliding:Sliding force = Pa = 288.12 kN 0.5x693= 346 > Pa < kN 3.13
1.08
1.4 UNSAFE
Hence, a shear key needs to be provided to generate the balance force through passive resistance. Reqd Pp = 1.4 x 288.12-0.9 x346 91.66 kN (per m length of wall)
h2
0.8+(2.3*(TAN(30*PI()/180)))+0.3 2.43 m Cp (h22 -t2) 3x18x(2.43^2-0.8^2) 284 kN = 0.9 x(346+284) / 288.12 1.97 >
1.4 SAFE
180.55 243.57
153.24 5
33.51
Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth Shear force,Vu Bending Moment,Mu
= = = = = = =
50 20 740
mm mm mm
(223.57+160.55) x 0.5 x(1.5-(0.74) 146.0 kN/m (0.5 x160.55x1.5^2)+((223.57-160.55)x0.5x1.5^2x2/3) 227.88 kNm/m = 145.96x10^3/(10^3x740) = 0.20 Mpa 0.20 Mpa 0.2 % = =227.88x10^6/(0.87x150x740) =
Nominal Shear stress,v = Vu/bd Reqd pt for M20 concrete & = Required Area of Steel Provide
20
1600 2354
sq mm sq mm
120 47x20=
mm c/c 940 mm
The bars should extend by at least a distance Ld = 47 beyond the front face of the stem,on both sides
Distribution Steel:
0.1% of bd Spacing 12
800
mm c/c
For continuous beam action:Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth = = = 50 16 542 mm mm mm
Intensity of pressure @ 1 m from the free edge Average Loading on the strip Effective Span,l = =(147.09+105.08)x0.5 126.08 kN/sq m (542/1000)+3.02 = 3.56
m 147.09
105.08
0.5
1 2.85 Max negative moment occuring in the heel slab @ counterfort location :Mu -ve = wu l2 /12 =126.08x3.562x3.562/12 = (STAAD) Max mid span moment :Mu +ve = wu l2 /16 =126.08x3.562x3.562/16 = (STAAD) Design shear force :Vu =wu (clear span/2 -d) = 122.05 (STAAD) 182.66 =126.08x((3.02x0.5)-(0.542) kN/m kN/m 100 123 kNm/m kNm/m 133 110 kNm/m kNm/m
Design of top reinforcement (for -ve BM) @ the counterforts :Nominal shear stress v = Vu / bd = For c = 0.34 =182.659x10^3/(542x10^3) = 0.34 Mpa Mpa with M 20 concrete, the required pt =
0.75
Required Area of Steel ( at 1m from the free edge) 4500 sq mm Provide 25 mm dia. bars. Area of one bar Spacing Hence Provie = = 25 491 109 mm2 mm 100 mm c/c
mm dia bars @
At a distance beyond 1m from the free edge, only minimum reinforcement need be provided: Ast(min) Provide =
12
0.15% bd
900
Sq mm
mm dia bars @
Design of bottom reinforcement (for +ve BM) @ mid span of heel slab :Required Area of Steel Ast(min) Provide =
16
1271 0.15% bd =
sq mm 900 Sq mm
Area of one bar Spacing Hence Provie Distribution Steel :Area of one bar Spacing Provie
mm dia bars @
= = 20
314 349
mm dia bars @
27.36
90.79
Consider the triangular loading on the heel slab to be carried dy cantilever action with fixity at the face of the stem Load Intensity at the face of the stem Load Intensity at 1.51 = 27.36 kN/ sqm
Total BM due to loading on the triangular portion =(0.5x3.02x1.51)*((27.36x1.51/3)+((90.79-27.36)x1.51/(2*3)) = 67.80 kNm This moment is distributed non-uniformly across the width of =1.51x2 = 3.02 m.
For design purpose, the max moment intensity (in the middle region) may be taken as two times the average value. Mmax Required Area of Steel Provide
12
=(2/3)x67.8 900 sq mm
45.20
kNm/m
mm dia bars @
Design of vertical stem:The cantilever action is limited to the bottom region only (triangular portion) with fixity at the junction of the stem with the base slab.
Elsewhere, the stem is treated as a continuous beam spanning between the counterforts.
h=
9.20
Intensity of earth pressure at the base of the stem is (linearly varying to zero at the top), Pa = = = = Ca h 0.33x18x9.2 55.2 kN 3.02 m
Design of stem for continuous beam action At base Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth Effective Span,l = = = = 50 16 592 mm mm mm 3.61 m
(592/1000)+3.02 =
Max - ve Moment occuring in the stem at the counterfort location Mu -ve = wu l2 /12 =55.2 x 3.612^2/12 (STAAD) Maximum mid-span moment Mu +ve = wu l2 /16 =55.2 x 3.612^2/16 (STAAD) Design Shear force Vu =55.2 x((0.5x3.02)-(592/1000))) 50.7 kN/m (STAAD) 68.7 kN/m Design of (rear face) reinforcement for ve moments at the counterforts Nominal shear stress v = Vu / bd = For c = 0.12 = Mpa with M 20 =68.657x10^3/(592x10^3) 0.12 Mpa < c = 0.18 MPa (for minimum pt = 0.15) =wu (clear span/2 -d) 45.01 48.4 kNm/m kNm/m 60.01 43.01 kNm/m kNm/m
sq mm
Hence Provie
12
Design of (front face) reinforcement for +ve moments in the mid-span of stem Required Area of Steel 625 Provide
12
sq mm
At one-third height above base At base Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth Effective Span,l = = = = 50 16 467 mm mm mm 3.49 m
(467.33/1000)+3.02 =
Max - ve Moment occuring in the stem at the counterfort location Mu -ve = =55.2 x (2/3) x 3.49^2/12 (STAAD) Maximum mid-span moment Mu +ve = =55.2 x (2/3) x 3.49^2/16 (STAAD) Design Shear force Vu =55.2 (2/3) x((0.5x3.02)-(467.33/1000))) 38.37 kN/m (STAAD) Design of (rear face) reinforcement for ve moments at the counterforts Nominal shear stress v = Vu/bd = For c = 0.08 =wu (clear span/2 -d) 27.97 32.5 kNm/m kNm/m 37.30 30 kNm/m kNm/m
52
kN/m
=38.37x10^3/(467.33x10^3) 0.08 Mpa Mpa with M 20 concrete,< c = 0.29 MPa (for minimum pt = 0.15) 610 mm dia. bars. = 113 mm2 sq mm
= 12
185
mm
Design of (front face) reinforcement for +ve moments in the mid-span of stem Required Area of Steel Provide
12
sq mm
mm dia bars @
(up to one-third height above base). At two-thirds height above base At base Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth Effective Span,l = = = = 50 12 351 mm mm mm 0.601 (350.67/1000)+3.02 = 3.37 m
Max - ve Moment occuring in the stem at the counterfort location Mu -ve = =55.2 x (1/3) x 3.37^2/12 (STAAD) Maximum mid-span moment Mu +ve = =55.2 x (1/3) x 3.38^2/16 (STAAD) Design Shear force Vu =55.2 (1/3) x((0.5x3.02)-(350.67/1000))) 21.33 kN/m (STAAD) Design of (rear face) reinforcement for ve moments at the counterforts Nominal shear stress v = Vu/bd = For c = 0.06 =wu (clear span/2 -d) 13.07 16 kNm/m kNm/m 17.42 15 kNm/m kNm/m
27
kNm/m
21.33x10^3/(350.67x10^3) 0.06 Mpa Mpa with M 20 concrete,< c = 0.29 MPa (for minimum pt = 0.15) 380 mm dia. bars. sq mm
= = 12
113 298
mm2 mm
Design of (front face) reinforcement for +ve moments in the mid-span of stem Required Area of Steel Provide
12
sq mm
mm2 mm
Design of stem for cantilever action:Consider the triangular loading on the stem to be carried by cantilever action about the face of the stem as follows: Intensity of horizontal pressure at the base of the stem = 55.2 kN/sq m Intensity of horizontal pressure at a distance of 1.5 m from the base of the stem =0.33x18x(9.2-1.51) = 46.14 kN/sq m
1.51 0.6 3.02 0.5 0.5 Total BM due to loading on the triangular portion = 84.63 kN/sq m
This moment is distributed non-uniformly across the width of 3.0m. For design purposes, the max. moment intensity (in the middle region) may be taken as two times the average value Mmax = 56.42 kNm/m
sq mm
Hence Provie
12 10
240 20 1.51
12@200 3.00
12@180
12@120
3.00
12@180
20@120
16@150
20@240
Design of interior counterfort :The typical interior counterfort acts as a T beam of varying section cantilevering out of the base slab. The design should include:
provision for beam action provision of horizontal ties against separation from stem provision of vertical ties against separation of base Thickness of counterforts = 0.5 m Clear spacing of counterforts = 3.02 m Thus, each counterfort receives earth pressure from a width of l= 3.52 m At base The intensity of earth pressure at the base of the stem Pa = Ca h = 0.33x18x9.2 = 55.2 Mu Vu = = 2352 767 kN/m kN
kN/sq m
9.20
90
0.65 tan D base =(0.5x0.65+2.85)/9.2 = 0.345 = 19.04 =2.85xCOS(19.04x PI/180) = 2.69 = = = 50 25 2.63
2.85
Degree m mm mm m
Effective flange width bf = lo/6 +bw + 6Df =(9.2/6)+0.5+(6x0.65) bf = bw + clear span of slab =0.5+3.02 bf is the least of the above 2 values
5.93 3.52
m m
bf
3.52
Approximate requirement of tension steel is given by assuming a lever arm z to be larger of 0.9d 2.37 m and d -Df/2 2.31 m i.e 2.37 m Ast reqd = = Mu/st j d 6619 sq mm dia bars required 9 provided in 2 layers with
Above one-third height from the base:Intensity of earth pressure @ h Mu Vu D Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth = = = = = = 697 341 1.75 6.13 kNm kN m 50 25 1.69 mm mm m
Approximate requirement of tension steel is given by assuming a lever arm z to be larger of 0.9d 1.58 m and d -Df/2 1.54 m i.e 1.58 m Ast reqd = = Mu/st j d 3021 sq mm dia bars required 4 provided in 1 layers with
0.65
0.5
3.02
0.5
1.50
2.85
Design of horizontal ties:Horizontal tie (closed stirrup) reinforcement in the counterfort serves as shear reinforcement against flexural shear in the counterfort and also as ties resisting the separation of the stem from the counterfort due to the lateral pressure. At base Vu,net = = = Vu - Mu/d tan 458 kN 0.35 0.50 Mpa Mpa %
Hence shear reinforcement is to be provided for a shear force of Vus Assuming Asv = = 10 (v - c)bd dia 314 4 sq mm 975 mm legged stirrups 127.13 kN
Required spacing
sv =Asv st d/Vus
Max spacing specified by code = 0.75 d or 300 mm (Lesser value) Tie connection requirement: Tension resisted by the tie reinforcement is given by the lateral pressure on the wall multiplied by the tributary area. T = 181 kN/m = Required spacing = 1203 sq mm/m
261
mm
The tie reinrorcement requirement governs (compared to shear reinrorcement requirement) Provide 10 dia 4 legged stirrups @ spacing of 150 mm
At one-third height from the base Ast reqd 802 Required spacing for = Provide 10 sq mm/m 10 391 dia
dia mm 4
Design of vertical ties :As in the case of the connection between the counterfort and the vertical stem, the connection between the counterfort and the heel slab must be designed to resist the tension arising out of the net downward pressures acting on the heel slab. Considering a 1m strip from the free edge, Average downward pressure 126 kN/sq m Average tensile force intensity,T 444 kN/m Total area of reinforcement required to resist this direct tension 2959 sq mm Spacing of 12 dia 4 legged ties reqd 153 mm Provide 12 dia 4 legged ties reqd 150 mm upto 1 m from the free edge. The spacing may be increased to 200 mm beyond 1m, owing to the significant reduction in net pressure.
Beam 1
L/C Dist m 1 LOAD 0 0.525 1.05 1.575 2.1 1 LOAD 0 1.25 2.5 3.75 5 1 LOAD 0 1.012 2.025 3.037 4.05 1 LOAD 0 1.013 2.025 3.038 4.05 1 LOAD 0 1.013 2.025 3.038 4.05 1 LOAD 0 1.25 2.5 3.75 5 1 LOAD 0 0.563 1.125 1.688 2.25 L/C 1 1 LOAD Dist m 0 0.525 1.05 1.575 2.1 0 1.25 2.5 3.75
Fx kN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fx kN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fy kN Fz kN 0 0 -72.45 0 -144.9 0 -217.35 0 -289.8 0 357.671 0 185.171 0 12.671 0 -159.829 0 -332.329 0 295.027 0 155.302 0 15.577 0 -124.148 0 -263.873 0 278.467 0 138.742 0 -0.983 0 -140.708 0 -280.433 0 268.022 0 128.297 0 -11.428 0 -151.153 0 -290.878 0 320.76 0 148.26 0 -24.24 0 -196.74 0 -369.24 0 310.5 0 232.875 0 155.25 0 77.625 0 0 0 Fy kN Fz kN 15.909 -14.331 -44.571 -74.811 -105.051 140.897 68.897 -3.103 -75.103
Mx kNm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mx kNm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
My kNm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 My kNm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mz kNm 0 19.018 76.073 171.163 304.29 304.29 -34.986 -158.638 -66.664 240.935 240.935 12.955 -73.552 -18.589 177.847 177.847 -33.365 -103.105 -31.374 181.828 181.828 -18.808 -77.973 4.333 228.112 228.112 -65.026 -142.538 -4.425 349.313 349.313 196.488 87.328 21.832 0 Mz kNm 0 -0.414 15.047 46.385 93.599 93.599 -37.523 -78.644 -29.765
Beam
2 1 LOAD
3 1 LOAD
4 1 LOAD
5 1 LOAD
6 1 LOAD
7 1 LOAD
5 0 1.012 2.025 3.037 4.05 0 1.013 2.025 3.038 4.05 0 1.013 2.025 3.038 4.05 0 1.25 2.5 3.75 5 0 0.563 1.125 1.688 2.25
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-147.103 125.491 67.171 8.851 -49.469 -107.789 116.631 58.311 -0.009 -58.329 -116.649 107.83 49.51 -8.81 -67.13 -125.45 146.981 74.981 2.981 -69.019 -141.019 106.613 74.213 41.813 9.413 -22.987
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
109.113 109.113 11.578 -26.908 -6.344 73.268 73.268 -15.297 -44.812 -15.279 73.304 73.304 -6.349 -26.954 11.491 108.985 108.985 -29.741 -78.468 -37.195 94.079 94.079 43.222 10.589 -3.818 0
DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL h (soil) (con) q (SBC) fck fy cbc st Ca = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 10.20 30 18 25 0.5 300
20 415
7 150
Cp
0.3
591.675
W1 W2 W3
0.6 3.5 5
W4
0.5
Design Constants :
m k j Q Priliminary Praportions:-
= = = =
Counterfort:Spacing = = = = = = = = = h/3 to h/5 10.2/3 to 10.2/2 3.4 to 5.1 m 3.11 m 0.05h 0.05 x 10.2 0.51 m 0.5 m 0.05h 0.05 x 10.2 0.51 m 0.5 m 0.08h 0.08 x 10.2 0.816 m 0.8 m 0.06h 0.06 x 10.2 0.612 m 0.6 m 1.5 x 1.5 x 3.4 5.1 m 5 m 0.5 h x (Ca/3)^ 10.2x (0.33/3)^0.5 3.40 m
Adopt Thickness
= =
= =
= = = = = = =
Adopt x
Stability against overturning :Forces due to active pressure (per m length of wall) Pa = = = Ca h2/2 0.5 x 0.333 x 18 x 10.2^2 312 kN
Mo
= =
Line of action of resultant of vertical forces w.r.t heel,considering 1 m length of the wall Force (kN) - W 18x(3.5-0.3) x(10.2-0.5) 25x(0.3) x(10.2-0.5) (25-18)x0.5x(0.6-0.3) x(10.2-0.5) 25x(0.5) x(3.5) 25x(0.8) x(1.5) Distance from heel(m) 0.5x(3.5-0.3) 1.6 3.5-(0.3/2) 3.35 3.5-0.3-(0.6-0.3)/3 3.10 0.5 x3.5 1.75 0.5 x1.5 0.75
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
Mom(kNm) - Mw 558.72 x 1.6 72.75 x 3.35 10.185 x 3.1 43.75 x 1.75 30 x 0.75
Soil Pressure @ footing base:Resultant vertical reaction R = W (per m length of wall) Distance of R from heel Lr = (Mw +Mo)/R Eccentricity e = Lr -0.5 L q min =R/L (1-(6e/L)) q max =R/L(1+(6e/L)) = = 3.26-5/2 = (1268+1061.21)/715 0.76 m 13.24 272.92 715 3.26 <L/6 =0.83 > > 0 300 kN m
0.76 715
13.24 272.92 5 Stability against Sliding:Sliding force = Pa = 312.12 kN 0.5x715= 358 > Pa < kN 3.26
1.03
1.4 UNSAFE
Hence, a shear key needs to be provided to generate the balance force through passive resistance. Reqd Pp = 1.4 x 312.12-0.9 x358 115.04 kN (per m length of wall)
h2
0.8+(2.3*(TAN(30*PI()/180)))+0.3 2.43 m 2 2 Cp (h2 -t ) 3x18x(2.43^2-0.8^2) 284 kN = 0.9 x(358+284) / 312.12 1.85 >
1.4
195.02 272.92
163.86 5
13.24
Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth Shear force,Vu Bending Moment,Mu
= = = = = = =
50 20 740
mm mm mm
(252.92+175.02) x 0.5 x(1.5-(0.74) 162.6 kN/m (0.5 x175.02x1.5^2)+((252.92-175.02)x0.5x1.5^2x2/3) 255.32 kNm/m = 162.62x10^3/(10^3x740) = 0.22 Mpa 0.22 Mpa 0.15 % =255.32x10^6/(0.87x150x740) = 2637 sq mm
Nominal Shear stress,v = Vu/bd Reqd pt for M20 concrete & = Required Area of Steel Provide
20
110
mm c/c
The bars should extend by at least a distance Ld = 47 beyond the front face of the stem,on both sides Distribution Steel:
47x20=
940
mm
0.1% of bd = 0.1 x 800x1000/100 = Spacing = (200.96/800)x1000 = 251 mm Hence Provie 16 mm dia bars @ 200
800
mm c/c
For continuous beam action:Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth = = = 50 16 442 mm mm mm
Intensity of pressure @ 1 m from the free edge Average Loading on the strip Effective Span,l = =(173.86+121.92)x0.5 147.89 kN/sq m (442/1000)+3.11 = 3.55
m 173.86
121.92
0.5
1 2.9 Max negative moment occuring in the heel slab @ counterfort location :Mu -ve = wu l2 /12 =147.89x3.552x3.552/12 = (STAAD) Max mid span moment :155.49 241 kNm/m kNm/m
Mu +ve
wu l2 /16
=147.89x3.552x3.552/16 = (STAAD)
116.62 159
kNm/m kNm/m
Design shear force :Vu =wu (clear span/2 -d) = 164.60 (STAAD) 186.00 =147.89x((3.11x0.5)-(0.442) kN/m kN/m
Design of top reinforcement (for -ve BM) @ the counterforts :Nominal shear stress v = Vu / bd = For c = 0.37 =164.6x10^3/(442x10^3) = 0.37 Mpa Mpa with M 20 concrete, the required pt =
0.5
Required Area of Steel ( at 1m from the free edge) 1606 sq mm Provide 12 mm dia. bars. Area of one bar Spacing Hence Provie = = 12 113 70 mm2 mm 120 mm c/c
mm dia bars @
At a distance beyond 1m from the free edge, only minimum reinforcement need be provided: Ast(min) Provide =
16
0.1% bd
500
Sq mm
mm dia bars @
Design of bottom reinforcement (for +ve BM) @ mid span of heel slab :Required Area of Steel Ast(min) = 0.1% bd = 1205 sq mm 500 Sq mm
Provide
12
Area of one bar Spacing Hence Provie Distribution Steel :Area of one bar Spacing
mm dia bars @
= =
314 628
23.24
104.00
Consider the triangular loading on the heel slab to be carried dy cantilever action with fixity at the face of the stem Load Intensity at the face of the stem Load Intensity at 1.555 = 23.24 kN/ sqm
Total BM due to loading on the triangular portion =(0.5x3.11x1.555)*((23.24x1.555/3)+((104-23.24)x1.555/(2*3)) = 79.74 kNm This moment is distributed non-uniformly across the width of =1.555x2 = 3.11 m.
For design purpose, the max moment intensity (in the middle region) may be taken as two times the average value.
=(2/3)x79.74 549 sq mm
53.16
kNm/m
mm dia bars @
Design of vertical stem:The cantilever action is limited to the bottom region only (triangular portion) with fixity at the junction of the stem with the base slab. Elsewhere, the stem is treated as a continuous beam spanning between the counterforts.
h=
9.70
Intensity of earth pressure at the base of the stem is (linearly varying to zero at the top), Pa = = = = Ca h 0.33x18x9.7 58.2 kN 3.11 m
Design of stem for continuous beam action At base Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth Effective Span,l = = = = 50 16 542 mm mm mm 3.65 m
(542/1000)+3.11 =
Max - ve Moment occuring in the stem at the counterfort location Mu -ve = wu l2 /12 =58.2 x 3.652^2/12 64.68 kNm/m
(STAAD) Maximum mid-span moment Mu +ve = wu l2 /16 =58.2 x 3.652^2/16 (STAAD) Design Shear force Vu =wu (clear span/2 -d) =58.2 x((0.5x3.11)-(542/1000))) 59.0 kN/m
241
kNm/m
48.51 241
kNm/m kNm/m
Design of (rear face) reinforcement for ve moments at the counterforts Nominal shear stress v = Vu / bd = For c = 0.11 = Mpa with M 20 =58.96x10^3/(542x10^3) 0.11 Mpa < c = 0.29 MPa (for minimum pt = 0.15)
sq mm
Design of (front face) reinforcement for +ve moments in the mid-span of stem Required Area of Steel 684 Provide
16
sq mm
434
mm 3.54 m
(434/1000)+3.11 =
Max - ve Moment occuring in the stem at the counterfort location Mu -ve = =58.2 x (2/3) x 3.54^2/12 40.61 kNm/m
Design Shear force Vu =58.2 (2/3) x((0.5x3.11)-(434/1000))) 43.49 kN/m Design of (rear face) reinforcement for ve moments at the counterforts Nominal shear stress v = Vu/bd = =43.49x10^3/(434x10^3) 0.10 Mpa For c = 0.10 Mpa with M 20 concrete,< c = 0.29 MPa (for minimum pt = 0.15) Required Area of Steel Provide
16
sq mm
mm2 mm
Design of (front face) reinforcement for +ve moments in the mid-span of stem Required Area of Steel Provide
16
sq mm
mm dia bars @
At base Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth Effective Span,l = = = = 50 12 334 mm mm mm 3.44 m
(334/1000)+3.11 =
Max - ve Moment occuring in the stem at the counterfort location Mu -ve = =58.2 x (1/3) x 3.44^2/12 19.18 kNm/m
Design Shear force Vu =58.2 (1/3) x((0.5x3.11)-(334/1000))) 23.69 kN/m Design of (rear face) reinforcement for ve moments at the counterforts Nominal shear stress v = Vu/bd = 23.69x10^3/(334x10^3) 0.07 Mpa For c = 0.07 Mpa with M 20 concrete,< c = 0.29 MPa (for minimum pt = 0.15) Required Area of Steel Provide
12
sq mm
mm2 mm
Design of (front face) reinforcement for +ve moments in the mid-span of stem Required Area of Steel Provide
12
sq mm
mm2 mm
Hence Provie
12
Design of stem for cantilever action:Consider the triangular loading on the stem to be carried by cantilever action about the face of the stem as follows: Intensity of horizontal pressure at the base of the stem = 58.2 kN/sq m Intensity of horizontal pressure at a distance of 1.5 m from the base of the stem =0.33x18x(9.7-1.555) = 48.87 kN/sq m
1.555 0.5 3.11 0.5 0.5 Total BM due to loading on the triangular portion = 97.72 kN/sq m
This moment is distributed non-uniformly across the width of 3.0m. For design purposes, the max. moment intensity (in the middle region) may be taken as two times the average value Mmax = 65.15 kNm/m
sq mm
mm dia bars @
(reqd up to Provide
12
1.555
mm dia. bars. 500 = = 12 113 226 sq mm mm2 mm 180 1.555 mm c/c m height above base)
16@200 3.13
16@200
12@90
3.13
16@200
20@110
12@180
20@220
Design of interior counterfort :The typical interior counterfort acts as a T beam of varying section cantilevering out of the base slab. The design should include: provision for beam action
provision of horizontal ties against separation from stem provision of vertical ties against separation of base Thickness of counterforts = 0.5 m Clear spacing of counterforts = 3.11 m Thus, each counterfort receives earth pressure from a width of l= 3.61 m At base The intensity of earth pressure at the base of the stem Pa = Ca h = 0.33x18x9.69999999999998 = 58.2 Mu Vu = = 2838 878 kN/m kN
kN/sq m
9.70
90
2.9
bf = lo/6 +bw + 6Df =(9.69999999999998/6)+0.5+(6x0.6) 5.72 m bf = bw + clear span of slab =0.5+3.11 3.61 m bf is the least of the above 2 values bf 3.61 m Approximate requirement of tension steel is given by assuming a lever arm z to be larger of 0.9d 2.42 m and d -Df/2 2.39 m i.e 2.42 m Ast reqd = = Mu/st j d 7812 sq mm dia bars required 10 provided in 2 layers with
Above 0ne-third height from the base:Intensity of earth pressure @ h Mu Vu D Clear cover Bar Dia Effective Depth = = = = = = 841 390 1.79 6.47 kNm kN m 50 25 1.73 mm mm m m from top 38.8 kN/sq m
Approximate requirement of tension steel is given by assuming a lever arm z to be larger of 0.9d 1.61 m and d -Df/2 1.59 m i.e 1.61 m Ast reqd = = Mu/st j d 3517 sq mm dia bars required 5 provided in 1 layers with
0.6
0.5
3.11
0.5
1.50
2.9
Design of horizontal ties:Horizontal tie (closed stirrup) reinforcement in the counterfort serves as shear reinforcement against flexural shear in the counterfort and also as ties resisting the separation of the stem from the counterfort due to the lateral pressure. At base Vu,net = = = Vu - Mu/d tan 530 kN 0.39 0.58 Mpa Mpa %
Hence shear reinforcement is to be provided for a shear force of Vus Assuming Asv = = 10 (v - c)bd dia 314 4 sq mm 663 mm legged stirrups 191.10 kN
Required spacing
sv =Asv st d/Vus
Max spacing specified by code = 0.75 d or 300 mm (Lesser value) Tie connection requirement: Tension resisted by the tie reinforcement is given by the lateral pressure on the wall multiplied by the tributary area.
= =
196 1304
kN/m sq mm/m
Required spacing =
241
mm
The tie reinrorcement requirement governs (compared to shear reinrorcement requirement) Provide 10 dia 4 legged stirrups @ spacing of 150 mm
At one-third height from the base Ast reqd 869 sq mm/m Required spacing for 10 = 361 Provide 10 dia Design of vertical ties :As in the case of the connection between the counterfort and the vertical stem, the connection between the counterfort and the heel slab must be designed to resist the tension arising out of the net downward pressures acting on the heel slab. Considering a 1m strip from the free edge, Average downward pressure 148 kN/sq m Average tensile force intensity,T 534 kN/m Total area of reinforcement required to resist this direct tension 3559 sq mm Spacing of 12 dia 4 legged ties reqd 127 mm Provide 12 dia 4 legged ties reqd 150 mm upto 1 m from the free edge. The spacing may be increased to 200 mm beyond 1m, owing to the significant reduction in net pressure.
dia mm 4