LTE Key Features This figure shows that some of the key features of the UMTS LTE system

include increased data transmission rate, spectrum flexibility, reduced latency, and lower costs. Increased data transmission rates are possible through the use of wider radio channels and efficient modulation types. Spectrum flexibility allows for the use of variable channel bandwidth and channel duplexing types. Reduced latency is enabled by the use of more efficient channel control assignment processes. Lower cost is provided from the ability to serve more customers using a reduced number of radio channels and through automated system configuration processes.

Upgrading GSM and 3G to LTE This figure shows how a 3G and GSM system can be upgraded to offer UMTS LTE services. This diagram shows that typically 1 to 4 wide WCDMA or 2 or more narrow GSM channels are typically removed to allow a very wide 20 MHz UMTS LTE channel to be added. This example also shows that a separate base station assembly is added to communicate with a UMTS evolved packet core (EPC).

Table of Contents
UMTS Long Term Evolution UMTS LTE Industry Specifications Key LTE Features Increased Data Transmission Rates - More Efficient Modulation Technologies Reduced Transmission Delay (Faster Response Time) Self Configuration and Optimization All IP Backbone Network Voice Call Continuity (VCC) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Radio Multibeam Radio Evolution of UMTS Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) UMTS LTE Services Voice Services Data Services - Circuit Switched Data - Packet Switched Data - Messaging Group Services Multicast Services - Group Call Service (GCS) - Voice Broadcast Services (VBS) Location Based Services (LBS)

UMTS LTE Products (Radio Devices) Network Termination Units (NTU) Mobile Telephones PCMCIA Air Cards External Radio Modems Embedded Radio Modules Digital Media Players Location Devices RF Power Classification - User Equipment Classes (UE Classes) UMTS LTE Radio Channels Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) - Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) Multiple Input Multiple Out (MIMO) - Antenna Ports Frequency Bands RF Channel Bandwidth - Channel Raster Resource Blocks Physical Downlink Channels - Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) - Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH) - Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) - Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) - Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) - Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) Physical Uplink Channels - Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) - Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) - Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) Frame Structure - Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) - Time Division Duplex (TDD) - Type 1 Frame - Type 2 Frame Transport Channels - Broadcast Channel (BCH) - Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)

- Paging Channel (PCH) - Multicast Channel (MCH) - Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) - Random Access Channel (RACH) Logical Channels - Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) - Paging Control Channel (PCCH) - Common Control Channel (CCCH) - Multicast Control Channel (MCCH) - Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) - Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) - Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH) Channel Mapping Radio Characteristics Peak Data Rate Control Plane Latency Control Plane Capacity User Plane Latency User Data Throughput Spectrum Flexibility - Frequency Bandwidth Allocation - Duplex Flexibility Spectrum Efficiency Mobility - Full Mobility - Seamless Mobility Coverage Modes of Operation - Bandwidth Configuration - Transmission Bandwidth - Guard Bands Duplex Operating Modes - Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) - Time Division Duplexing (TDD) Co-Existence Modulation Types - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) - 16-QAM - 64-QAM

Channel Coding - Convolution Coding - Turbo Codes - Interleaving RF Power Control Time Alignment - Timing Advance (TA) Beamforming - Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) UMTS Network - User Plane - Control Plane (C-Plane) - Access Stratum (AS) - Non-Access Stratum (NAS) - Global Multimedia Mobility (GMM) Radio Access Technology (RAT) Evolved Packet Cores (EPC) Evolved Node B (eNB) Mobile Management Entity (MME) Serving Gateway (S-GW) Packet Gateway (P-GW) Network Interfaces X2 Interface S1 Interface S2A Interface S2B Interface Iuant Interface S3 Interface S4 Interface S5 Interface S6A Interface S7 Interface SGi Interface Radio Protocol Layers Radio Resource Control (RRC) Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)

Broadcast and Multicast Control Protocol (BMC) Radio Link Control (RLC) - Unacknowledged Mode (UM) - Acknowledged Mode (AM) - Transparent Mode (TM) Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer Physical Layer (PHY) - Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) - Data Radio Bearer (DRB) IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Call Session Control Function (CSCF) Home Subscriber Server (HSS) UMTS LTE System Operation Initialization - Authentication - Paging Registration Tracking Area (TA) User Equipment Context (UE Context) Mobility States - Detached State - Idle State - Active State Access Control Handover (HO) - Intra-System Handover - Inter-System UMTS LTE to GERAN Handover - Inter-Radio Access Technology Handover (Inter-RAT Handover) - Backward Handover Discontinuous Reception (DRx) Discontinuous Transmission (DTx) Speech Coding Addressing Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) - System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SI-RNTI) - System Change Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SC-RNTI)

- Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) - Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier (P-RNTI) - Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI) Mobile Station ISDN (MSISDN) International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI) Temporary Mobile Station Identity (TMSI) S-Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (S-TMSI) Local Mobile Station Identity (LMSI) IP Address - Static IP Addressing - Dynamic IP Addressing - Subscriber Profile Identifier (SPID) Location Based Services (LBS) Positioning Methods Commercial Location Services (Commercial LCS) Internal Location Services (Internal LCS) Emergency Location Services (Emergency LCS) Lawful Intercept Location Services (Lawful Intercept LCS) Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (E-MBMS) MBMS Architecture - eNB MBMS - MBMS Gateway - Multi-Cell/Multicast Coordination Entity (MCE) - M1 Interface - M2 Interface - M3 Interface eNB Synchronization UMTS Billing Offline Charging - Charging Data Function (CDF) - Charging Gateway Function (CGF) Online Charging - Policy Control and Charging Function (PCRF) - Policy and Charging Enforcement Point (PCEP) Billing System

Upgrading 3G and GSM to UMTS LTE

Appendix 1 Acronyms
16-QAM - 16 Level Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP System - 3rd Generation Partnership Project System 64 - QAM - 64 Level Quadrature Amplitude Modulation AC - Access Class AC Barring - Access Class Barring AGW - Access Gateway AN - Access Network AS - Access Stratum AM - Acknowledged Mode ACK - Acknowledgment ARB - Active Resource Blocks ACLR - Adjacent Carrier Leakage Ratio ACS - Adjacent Channel Selectivity AWS - Advanced Wireless Services Spectrum AMBR - Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate AIPN - All Internet Protocol Network ARP - Allocation and Retention Priority ADC - Analog to Digital Conversion AF - Application Function AP ID - Application Protocol Identity ARQ - Automatic Repeat Reqeust BSC Area - Base Station Controller Area Beamforming - Beam Forming BS - Bearer Services Beyond 3G - Beyond 3rd Generation BER - Bit Error Rate Blacklist - Black List Blind HO - Blind Handover BCCH - Broadcast Control Channel

BSR - Buffer Status Reports CAP - CAMEL Application Part C - RNTI - Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier CRH - Cell Reselection Hysteresis CQI - Channel Quality Indicator Kc - Cipher Key CSG - Closed Subscriber Group CDMA2000 - Code Division Multiple Access 2000 Commercial LCS - Commercial Location Services CCCH - Common Control Channel CEPT - Conference Of European Postal And Telecommunications Administrations CMC - Connection Mobility Control CC - Convolutional Coding CN - Core Network CAMEL - Customized Applications For Mobile Enhanced Logic CP - Cyclic Prefix CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check DRB - Data Radio Bearer DTCH - Dedicated Traffic Channel DFTS - DFT Spread OFDM DRx - Discontinuous Reception DTx - Discontinuous Transmission DPC - Downlink Power Control DL - SCH - Downlink Shared Channel DR - Dynamic Range DRA - Dynamic Resource Allocation DTA - Dynamic Time Alignment Emergency LCS - Emergency Location Services ECM - EPS Connection Management EMM - EPS Mobility Management EQ - Equalization EIR - Equipment Identity Register EVM - Error Vector Magnitude EEC - Ethernet Equipment Clock ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute

HSPA+ - Evolved High Speed Packet Access E - MBMS - Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service eNBS - Evolved Network Base Station eNB - Evolved Node B EPC - Evolved Packet Cores ePDG - Evolved Packet Data Gateway EPS - Evolved Packet System EPS Bearer - Evolved Packet System Bearer EPS Bearer Identity - Evolved Packet System Bearer Identity E - UTRAN - Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network E - UTRA - Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access EGSM - Extended GSM FRAND - Fair Reasonable and Non - Discriminatory FFS - For Further Study FPC - Forward Power Control FDD - Frequency Division Duplex FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access FH - Frequency Hopping GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node GPRS - General Packet Radio Service GUP Server - General User Profile Server GUP - Generic User Profile GMM - Global Multimedia Mobility GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite Systems GSM - Global System For Mobile Communications gprsSSF - GPRS Service Switching Function GCR - Group Call Register GERAN - GSM EDGE Radio Access Network gsmSSF - GSM Service Switching Function GBR - Guaranteed Bit Rate GP - Guard Period HR - Half Rate HANDO - Handover HRPD - High Rate Packet Data HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access HSPA - High Speed Packet Access

HSPD - High Speed Packet Data HSUPA - High Speed Uplink Packet Access HE - Home Environment HLR - Home Location Register HPLMN - Home Public Land Mobile Network HSS - Home Subscriber Server HARQ - Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request IPR - Intellectual Property Rights IN - IVR - Intelligent Network Interactive Voice Response System IN - Triggering - Intelligent Network Triggered Charging ICIC - Inter - Cell Interference Coordination Inter - RAT Handover - Inter - Radio Access Technology Handover IVR - Interactive Voice Response Internal LCS - Internal Location Services IMEI - International Mobile Equipment Identifier IMSI - International Mobile Subscriber Identity IMT - International Mobile Telephony IP Address - Internet Protocol Address IWF - Interworking Function IMS - IP Multimedia Subsystem ISUP - ISDN User Part Lawful Intercept LCS - Lawful Intercept Location Services LMSI - Local Mobile Station Identity LA - Location Area LAC - Location Area Code LBS - Location Based Services LM - Location Management LR - Location Register LCS Client - Location Services Client LCS Server - Location Services Server L_CH - Logical Channel LTE - Long Term Evolution LCR - Low Chip Rate MIB - Master Information Block MBR - Maximum Bit Rate MOP - Maximum Output Power

MPR - Maximum Power Reduction MSAP - MCH Subframe Allocation Pattern MGCF - Media Gateway Control Function MAHO - Mobile Assisted Handoff MCC - Mobile Country Code ME - Mobile Equipment MME - Mobile Management Entity MNC - Mobile Network Code MRI - Mobile Reported Interference MSRN - Mobile Station Roaming Number MSISDN - Mobile Subscriber ISDN MSC - Mobile Switching Center MSC Area - Mobile Switching Center Area MTSMS - Mobile Terminated Short Message Service MVNO - Mobile Virtual Network Operator MVPN - Mobile Virtual Private Network MM - Mobility Management MCS - Modulation and Coding Scheme MCE - Multi - Cell/Multicast Coordination Entity Multifunction SIM - Multi - Function Subscriber Identity Module Card MCH - Multicast Channel MCCH - Multicast Control Channel MTCH - Multicast Traffic Channel MC - Multichannel Carrier MTCH - Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service Traffic Channel MBMS - Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services MBMS Session - Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services Session MBSFN - Multimedia Broadcast Service Multicast Single Frequency Network MMOG - Multimedia Online Gaming MRFC - Multimedia Resource Function Controller MRFP - Multimedia Resource Function Processor MIMO - Multiple Input Multiple Output MU - MIMO - Multiple User MIMO NDC - National Destination Code NACK - Negative Acknowledgement NCL - Neighbor Cell List

NACC - Network Assisted Cell Change NI - Network Interface NSS - Network Switching Subsystem NTU - Network Termination Unit NGMN - Next Generation Mobile Networks NAS - Non - Access Stratum OTS - One Tunnel Solution OCS - Online Charging System OFDM - Optical Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDMA - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access PDCP - Packet Data Convergence Protocol PDCP SN - Packet Data Convergence Protocol Sequence Number P - GW - Packet Data Network Gateway PDP Context - Packet Data Protocol Context P - GW - Packet Gateway PRACH - Packet Random Access Channel PSC - Packet Scheduling PCCH - Paging Control Channel P - RNTI - Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier PAPR - Peak to Average Power Ratio PCS - Personal Communication Services PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PDA - Personal Digital Assistant PN - Personal Network PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel PhCH - Physical Channel PCFICH - Physical Control Format Indicator Channel PDCCH - Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel PHICH - Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel PHY - Physical Layer PMCH - Physical Multicast Channel PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel PRB - Physical Resource Block PUCCH - Physical Uplink Control Channel PUSCH - Physical Uplink Shared Channel

PCEF - Policy and Charging Enforcement Function PCEP - Policy and Charging Enforcement Point PCRF - Policy Control and Charging Function PSD - Power Spectral Density PBR - Prioritized Bit Rate PDU - Protocol Data Unit PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network PLMN Code - Public Land Mobile Network Code PPDN - Public Packet Data Network PTT - Push To Talk QPP - Quadratic Permutation Polynomial QPSK - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QCI - Quality Class Identifier QoS Profile - Quality of Service Profile RAT - Radio Access Technology RAT Handover - Radio Access Technology Handover RB - Radio Bearer RBC - Radio Bearer Control RBG - Radio Bearer Group Um - Radio Interface RLC - AM - Radio Link Control Acknowledged Mode RLC - UM - Radio Link Control Unacknowledged Mode RNC Area - Radio Network Controller Area RNL - Radio Network Layer RNS - Radio Network System RNTI - Radio Network Temporary Identifier RRM - Radio Resource Management RAB - Random Access Burst RACH - Random Access Channel RA - RNTI - Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier RSSI - Received Signal Strength Indicator RPOA - Recognized Private Operating Agency RSRP - Reference Symbol Received Power RPE - LTP - Regular Pulse Excitation - Long Term Prediction RET - Remote Electrical Tilting RAF - Repository Access Function

RF Power Classes - RF Power Classification RPLMN - Roaming Public Land Mobile Network ROHC - Robust Header Compression RA - Routing Area S - TMSI - S - Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity S1 - AP - S1 Application Protocol S1 - MME - S1 Interface Mobile Management Entity S1 - U - S1 Interface User Plane SR - Scheduling Request SU - Scheduling Unit SAP - Service Access Point SDF - Service Data Flow SDU - Service Data Unit SOA - Service Oriented Architecture S - GW - Serving Gateway SGSN - Serving General Packet Radio Service Support Node SGSN Area - Serving General Packet Radio Service Support Node Area Shared PLMN - Shared Public Land Mobile Network SSD - Shared Secret Data Sharing PLMN - Sharing Public Land Mobile Network SMS - Short Message Service SG - Signaling Gateway SRB - Signaling Radio Bearer SRES - Signed Response SID - Silence Insertion Description SC - FDMA - Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access SU - MIMO - Single User MIMO SMS - GMSC - SMS Gateway Mobile Switching Center SMS - IWMSC - SMS Interworking Mobile Switching Center Source eNB - Source Evolved Node B Subframe - Sub - Frame SIM - Subscriber Identity Module SPID - Subscriber Profile Identifier Sync Protocol - Synchronization Protocol SAE - System Architecture Evolution SC - RNTI - System Change Radio Network Temporary Identifier

SFN - System Frame Number SI - System Information SIB - System Information Block SI - 1 - System Information Block Type 1 S1 - RNTI - System Information Change - Radio Network Temporary Identifier SI - M - System Information Master SI - RNTI - System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier TB - Tail Bits Target eNB - Target Evolved Node B TDD - Time Division Duplex TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access TDM - Time Division Multiplexing Timeslot - Time Slot Timestamp - Time Stamp TA - Timing Advance TA - Tracking Area TAC - Tracking Area Code TAI - Tracking Area Identity TCH - Traffic Channel TFT - Traffic Flow Template TA - Transfer Adapter TAP - Transferred Account Procedures TCP - Transmission Control Protocol TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol And Internet Protocol TTI - Transmission Time Interval TM - Transparent Mode TA - Transport Address TB - Transport Block TNL - Transport Network Layer TAC - Type Allocation Code UMB - Ultra Mobile Broadband UMTS LTE - UMTS Long Term Evolution UTRAN - UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UTRA FDD - UMTS xxx UM - Unacknowledged Mode

UTRA - Universal Terrestrial Radio Access UL - SCH - Uplink Shared Channel UDP - User Datagram Protocol UE - User Equipment UE Assisted Handover - User Equipment Assisted Handover UE Class - User Equipment Class UE Context - User Equipment Context UPE - User Plane Entity Virtual MIMO - Virtual Multiple Input Multiple Output VRB - Virtual Resource Block VLR - Visitor Location Register VLR Area - Visitor Location Register Area VAD - Voice Activity Detection VBS - Voice Broadcast Service VCC - Voice Call Continuity VGCS - Voice Group Call Service WCDMA - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access WTLS - Wireless Transport Layer Security WAG - WLAN Access Gateway