Professional Documents
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AND
NOTES
MONOGRAPHS
21
No.
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
ANDRITSAENA
BY
THE
EDWARD
T.
AMERICAN
BROADWAY
NEWELL
NUMISMATIC
AT
NEW
I 5 6TH
YORK
SOCIETY
STREET
I923
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NOTES
I S
AND
ATI
MONOGRAPHS
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COPYRIGHT,
I923,BY
SOCIETY
THEAMERICAN
NUMISMATIC
PRESS
THE
DEV1NNE
NEW
YORK
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
III.
ANDRITSAENA
BY
EDWARDT. NEWELL
SOCIETY
THEAMERICAN
NUMISMATIC
AT156THSTREET
BROADWAY
NEWYORK
I923
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THE
ANDRITSAENA
HOARD
By Edward T. Newell
This small but interestinghoard is
statedto have been foundnear Andritsaena in the Peloponnesusand was offeredfor sale by an Athenianantiquity
dealer early in March of 1923. How
longbeforethisit had been found,we do
notknow. It was entirelydue to the interest and active intervention
of Mr.
SydneyP. Noe, who chancedto be in
Athensat the time,that the Philip and
Alexanderportionof the findwas securedintact,as well as casts of manyof
theremainingBoeotian,^Eginetan,Sicyonian,and Olympianstaters.
No furtherparticularsconcerningthe
hoard,or the circumstances
surrounding
its discovery,are at presentavailable.
As it had passed throughat least two
hands before reaching the Athenian
to secure
dealer,it was foundimpossible
NUMISMATIC
NOTES
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITS
AEN A
tionhas provedeasilyremovable,
as has
also thefawn-colored
earthor claywhich
originallyencrustedall of the coins.
Withthreeexceptions,
reservedforpossible futurereference,
all of the Philips
and Alexandershave now been cleaned.
The weightsof the Boeotian,^Eginetan,
Sicyonian,and Olympianstaterswere
notascertained,
butthoseof theremainder are givenbelow.
PHILIP II OF MACEDON,359-336b.C.
Mint of Amphipolis.
1 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Laureate head of Zeus to r.
Rev. MAinnOY.
Youthful rider
and
fillet
wearing
holdingpalmbranch,
on horsebackto r. Beneath foreleg.
ROSE.
No. 75.VG.gr.14.47.
Mller,
2 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. Beneathhorse,bee and
STERN.
No. 197. F. gr.14.32.
Mller,
3 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
g Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Youthfulhorsemanto r. as on
No. i. Beneathhorse,thunderbolt
In exergue,N.
No. n. VG.gr.14.33. Platel.
Mller,
Posthumous
issueof circa325 b.c.
io Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar,but of later style.
Rev. Similar,but of later style. Beneathhorse,flyingbee.
ofMller,
No. 191.VF. gr.14.31.
Variety
PlateI.
ALEXANDERIII OF MACEDON,
336-323b.C.
Mint of Amphipolis.
GroupA, circa336-334b.c.
II- 12 Tetradrachms.
Obv. Head of youngHeracles to r.
Rev. AAESANAPOY. Zeus aetophor
seatedto 1. on throne.In front,prow
No.503. G.gr.17.07.F. 17.09.
Mller,
GroupB, circa333and332b.c.
13 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field, bunch of
grapes.
No.306. F. gr.17.15.
Mller,
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITS
AENA
MONOGRAPHS
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
Beneaththrone,II.
No.570. F. D. C. gr.17.15.
Mller,
Tetradrachm.
30
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field,laurel sprig.
Beneaththrone,II.
No. 560. F. D. C. gr.17.10.
Mller,
Tetradrachm.
31
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field,crescent (upright). Beneaththrone,II.
No.261. F. D. C. gr.17.205.
Mller,
Tetradrachm.
32
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field,crescent (inverted). Beneaththrone,II.
No. 261. F. D. C. gr.
of Mller,
Variety
Piateli.
17.32.
Mint of Pella.
Circa336-320b.c.
33-35 Tetradrachms.
Obv. Similar, but of differentstyle.
Rev. Similar, but of different
style.
Beneaththrone,0.
No. 197.VG.to F. gr.17.12,17.18.
Mller,
17.19.
36 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
NUMISMATIC
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
MONOGRAPHS
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10
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
54 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. Beneaththrone,AI.
No.216. VF. gr.17.145Mller,
55 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar, but with BA2IAE22
above. In field,AI. Beneaththrone,
B2.
No. 1483. F. D. C. gr.17.195Mller,
Mint of Tarsus.
SeriesI, circa333-3
27 -C.
56 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Head of youngHeraclesof easternstyle.
Rev. Zeus, of easternstyle, s:
to 1. Below throne,A.
enthroned
No. 6.
Newell,TarsosunderAlexander,
VG.gr.17.14.
57 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. Beneaththrone,B.
/.c. No. 10. F. gr.17.11.
Newell,
Mint of Salamis.
b.c.
SeriesI, 332-320
58 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field,bow.
NUMISMATIC
NOTES
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ANDRITS
AEN A
11
MONOGRAPHS
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12
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITS
AENA
13
69-71 Tetradrachms.
Obv. Similar,but of later style.
Rev. Similar,butof MllemsstyleIV.
In field,
No. 1375.F to F. D. C. gr.17^095
;
Mller,
PlateIII.
17.10;17.19.
Mint of Ake.
SeriesI, circa332-328b.c.
72 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. Beneaththrone,M.
Newell,The DatedAlexander
Coinageof
SidonandAke,No. 2. VG.gr.17.14b.c.
SeriesIII, circa326-320
73 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field, JJS(year
23= circa323 b.c.).
I. c. No.18. VF. gr.17.07.
Newell,
PlateIV.
Mint of Babylon.
SeriesII, circa329-326b.c.
74 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Head of Heracles to r., of
"Babylonianstyle."
Rev. Zeus enthronedto 1. Beneath
throne, [$ and M. (Symbol originallyin theexergueis "offflan.")
No. 670. F. gr.17.20.
Mller,
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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14
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
75 Tetradrachm.
Obv. From same obversedie.
Rev. Similar,butwithbackto throne.
In field,
thunderbolt. Beneaththrone,
and
M.
M
No. 679. VG.gr.17.12.
Mller,
76 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field,wreath. Same
monogramand M beneaththrone.
notin Mller.VF. gr.17.09.
Variety
77 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field,cantharus.
andM beneaththrone
Samemonogram
notin Mller.F. D. C. gr.17.18.
Variety
78 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field,rose. Same
monogramand M beneaththrone.
notin Mller.VF. gr.17.225.
Variety
b.c.
SeriesIII, circa326-324
79 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar. In field, bunch of
grapes and M. Same monogrambeneaththrone.
No.692.VF. gr.17.155.
Mller,
NUMISMATIC
NOTES
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ANDRITS
AENA
15
SeriesIV, circa323-320b.c.
80 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar,but of more advanced
style(Midler'sstyleIV). In field,M
Beneaththrone,AY.
No. 1272.VF. gr.17.115.
Mller,
81-82 Tetradrachms.
In name of Philip Arrhidaeus
(after323b.c.).
Obv. Similar.
Rev. Similar,butinscribed,
BA2IAE02
SIAinnOY. In field,M. Beneath
AY.
throne,
No.99. VF. gr.17.09;17.115.
Mller,
After317 b.c.
83 Tetradrachm.
Obv. Heracles'head of finestyleto r.
Rev. Zeus enthroned
to 1. In exergue,
BA2IAE22; on r., AAEEANAPOY
In field,RZp m wreath. Beneath
throne,MI.
No. 734. F. D. C. gr.17.115.
Mller,
PlateIV.
Ancient Imitation of the
Alexander Coinage.
Tetradrachm.
84
Obv. Head imitatedfromBabylonian
issues.
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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16
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
85 Stater.
Obv. Boeotianshield.
Rev. AmphorabetweenAI- 2.
Brit.Mus.Cat.p. 82. No. 134.Somewhat
worn.
86 Stater.
Obv. Boeotianshield.
Rev. AmphorabetweenKA- BI.
Brit.Mus.Cat.p. 83. No. 150. Somewhat
worn.
PlateW
orlater.
Period338-335
87 Stater.
Obv. Boeotianshield.
Rev. Amphora between BO- IO.
bunch of grapes above.
Brit.Mus.Cat.p. 36. No. 42. Somewhat
worn.
PlateV.
REGINA.
Period550-456b.c.
88-972 Staters.
Obv. Sea-turtle.
Rev. Incuse square dividedby bands
NUMISMATIC
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
17
MONOGRAPHS
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18
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
ELIS (OLYMPIA).
Period
b.c.
421-365
108 Stater.
Obv. On boss of a roundshield,eagle
to 1. devouringserpent.
Rev. Thunderbolt
betweenF- A.
Nos.162-6(die BV). Muchworn
Seltman,
andcovered
withpunchmarks.
Period343-3*3
b.c.
109 Stater.
Obv. Laureateheadof Zeus to r.
Rev. Eagle standingto r. on Ionic
capital. In field,thunderbolt and
SERPENT.
Nos.207-12(die CT). Somewhat
Seltman,
worn.
Period363-323b.c.,or later,
no Stater.
Obv. Head of Hera to r. wearing
StephanosinscribedFAAEIfN. In
field,F (A).
Rev. Eagle standingto 1., head to r.
and wingsspread. The wholein olive
wreath.
No. 344 (dies FG-irj).VF.
Seltman,
PlateV.
One of theprincipalreasonsimpelling
thewriterto publishthislittlefind(beNUMISMATIC
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
19
foreothermoreimportant
ones) is that,
small thoughit is, it furnishesa very
typicalspecimenof the kind of hoards
buriedin Hellas duringthe last quarter
of the fourthcenturyb.c. The usual
contentsof such depositsmay be summarizedbrieflyas follows:a large proin
portionof Alexander'stetradrachms
which Macedonianissues predominate;
a smallerbut not at all negligiblenumber of theissues (bothcontemporaneous
and posthumous)of Philip II; and,
a scattering
numberof suchlocal
finally,
and autonomous
issuesas werestillbeing
struckin the largercitiesor were still
generallycurrent-thoughtheiroriginal
mints had been closed. Furthermore,
fromthe standpointof the Alexander
hoardis interestseries,theAndritsaena
the Greekcountering as representing
but size,of the great
part,in everything
Egyptianfindof Demanhur. With one
important
exceptionall of its varieties
are to be foundin theDemanhurdeposit.
And this one exception,No. 83, enables
us to place the probableburial date of
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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20
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITS
AEN A
21
MONOGRAPHS
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22
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
23
fresharmyin Macedonia,Cassander,in
the springof 315 b.c., marchedsouth
throughThessaly and Bceotia,secured
and pushed
Corinth'sharborKenchrese,5
on into Arcadia. He seized Orchomenusand stagedan ambitiousraid over
into Messenia. As, however,he found
held by
thecityof Messenetoo strongly
an
to
warrant
attemptat
Polysperchon
assault,he returnedto Arcadia. Leaving Damis as militarycommanderof
the district,Cassander went to Argos
and celebratedherethe NemeanGames.
These are reckonedby Droysen6to have
been held in the firstyear of the 116th
Olympiad,or Augustof 315 b.c. Soon
afterhe returned
withhis armyto Macedonia, Cassander's opponents,immediately improvingupon this opportunity,
again overran all the Peloponnesus,
chased the garrisonsfromtown after
town,and soonwere in undisturbed
posall of thepeninsula.
sessionof practically
Thus endedthe campaignof 315 b.c.
was resumedwith
Althoughthefighting
thespringof 314,it was principally
conAND
MONOGRAPHS
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24
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
MONOGRAPHS
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ANDRITSAENA
25
as Argos,Stymphalus,
and
Orchomenus,
possiblyEpidaurus) were in the hands
of Polysperchon,his son, Alexander,
and theirallies. The latter,
Aristodemus,
however,did notonce dare to meetCassander'sveteranforces in open battle,
but contentedthemselveswith holding
the walled cities,and undoubtedly
the
mountains
to eithersideof his advancing
forces. Guerillawarfarewas apparently
the orderof the day.
No wonderthenthatin suchtroublous
times,and well withinthezone of active
operations,the formerowner of our
hoarddecidedto place his savingsin as
safe a place as possible. Why he was
neverable to removethemlater is, of
course,open to manyconjectures. To
attempta solutionwouldbe futile.
Withthesole exceptionof No. 83, the
Philipand Alexandercoins in the Andritsaenahoardcall for but littlecomment. The issues of Amphipolis,the
largestof all the Alexandermints,outnumberthoseof any otherone mint,as
is only naturalfor a hoard foundin a
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
27
time
readymoney,and the all-important
was lacking. It would obviouslyhave
been far moreexpedientfor Antigonus
merelyto turnoveralreadycoinedmoney
furnished
himby themanyactivemints
at his commandin the east. Furthermore,we may gatherfromDiodorus11
that his recentsuccessfulcampaignsin
theeast had beenmostlucrative.
Antigonusat thistimewas assembling
a great armyin Cilicia for the coming
expedition
againstSyriaand Egypt.For
thispurposehe had probablyseen to it
thatthe satrapalcoffersshouldbe well
filledwith the "sinews of war" in an
available form. Any coins
immediately
and later,Alexander,had
Aristodemus,
with
them
fromAsia wouldsoon
brought
be certainto findtheir way throughoutthe lengthand breadthof the southern Peloponnesus. The newly hired
soldierswouldbe onlytoo readyto spend
thefirstinstalments
of theirpay. Their
becauseof politicalcondicommanders,
surroundtions,hadonlytheimmediately
fromwhichtodrawtheir
ingcountryside
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
hoardschance must needs play a very
large partand too muchstressmustnot
be laid upon the absence of any one
if it be at all scarce.
variety,particularly
To thebestof the writer'sknowledge
the Andritsaenahoard,in pointof date,
is theearliest(of whichwe haverecord)
in whichposthumous
issuesof Philip II
(No. io, Plate I) make an appearance.
Later thesecoinsbecomequitecommon,
as in the Megara, Lamia, and other
Grecianhoards which it is hoped will
be publishedeventually.
As shownabove by the catalogue,includedin this findwas also an ancient
forgeryof the Alexandertetradrachm
(No. 84, Plate IV). The natureof the
coinis indicatedbyitsblundered
legends,
the drynessof the style,and the fact
that its obverseis imitatedfromgenuine Babylonianissues,while its reverse
copies certainearly Phoenicianor Cypriote Alexanders. Furthermore,
it is
the only coin in the hoard which,in
additionto the purpleoxideand yellowish dirtwhichit bears in commonwith
AND
29
MONOGRAPHS
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITS
AEN A
31
MONOGRAPHS
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32
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
yearsimmediately
preceding348 b.c. It
is curiousthatthese shouldbe missing
muchearlierseries
whenthe supposedly
was presentnot onlyin goodlynumbers
butalso in suchfinecondition.It would
seem as if the latter (the uninscribed,
fabrictype) had
and spreadthin-banded,
and not at the
been struckbut recently,
commencement
of
the
century.
very
The writermightnot have paid any
attention
to thiscuriousanomparticular
aly-in hoardsso muchis due to mere
chance-had it not been for the consideration that another little hoard (or
portionof a hoard), broughtto his atthe verysame
tentionin 1921, presented
feature. That lot consistedof six Philip
II tetradrachms
(Mller,Nos. 158,252,
263, two specimensof 269, 270) ; fourteen Alexander tetradrachms(Mller,
Nos. 3, 216, 392, two specimensof 550,
var. of 567,684, 697, var. 704, 853,860,
var. 1302,var. 1342, 1473); and three
^Eginetanstatersin fineconditionand
all of the 404-350b.c. typeoccurringin
the Andritsaenafind. Here, too, inNUMISMATIC
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
33
scribed^Eginetanstatersare noticeable
by theirabsence.
The reader will forgivea slightdigressionto allow the discussionof this
second"find." A selectionof fourtypical specimens
is givenon Plate VI. The
coins themselveswere shown to the
writerin November,
1921,by Mr. A. H.
Baldwinof London. Accordingto the
latter'sstatement,
therecouldbe no question but that these twenty-three
coins
had reallybeen foundtogether.When
firstofferedfor sale theyhad all been
coveredwithan identicaltypeof patina
which,as was also the case with the
Andritsaenacoins,provedeasilyremovable,so thatthecoinsto-dayhave almost
the appearanceof havingbeen freshly
statedthat
minted.Mr. Baldwinfurther
the lot had beenbroughtin to him but
a shorttimebeforeby a Greek,a native
of the littlePeloponnesiancityof "Taipoli" (undoubtedly
Tripolis,also known
as Tripolitsa),who informedhim that
the coins had only recentlybeen found
"in thatneighborhood."
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITSAE
NA
35
MONOGRAPHS
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ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
37
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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38
ALEXANDER
HOARDS
NOTES
1Muller,
in describing
is m the
thiscoinwhich
for
Pariscollection,
hasmistaken
thebeesymbol
a "lambda."
8Noneofthese
seenby
tencoinswereactually
Mr.Noe,andtheyhavebeenincluded
onlyon
of a statement
madebyoneof the
thestrength
coindealers
whosawthehoardbefore
Athenian
reason
itsdispersal.
Thereis no adequate
why
inthehoard.
nothavebeencontained
they
might
8Atthetime
wasredeath
thenewsofPhilip's
inBabylon,
thecoinsrepresented
ceived
byMller's
name
of
numbers
III)
n6, 117(in
Philip and
ofAlexander
IV) werebeing
1543(inname
1542,
hasbeenreached
struck.Thisconclusion
bythe
which
he
at Babylon
ina study
ofthemint
writer
we here
to publish.Unfortunately,
hopessoon
in
detail.
matter
into
this
cannot
greater
go
4Droysen,
desHellenismus,
Geschichte
II, i, p.
241,notei.
5Atthistime
heldbyPolysperchon's
son,Alexander.
8Droysen,
/.c. Ill, 2,p. 37.
TIt mustbe remembered
of the
that,because
thehoardcouldnot
of its contents,
character
to thecomhavebeenburied
previous
possibly
mencement
of316b.c. Therefore
Polysperchon's
in 318 b.c. and
againstMegalopolis
campaign
onTegeain317b.c.neednot
attacks
Cassander's
did
In 316b.c.Cassander
intoaccount.
betaken
andseizeArgos.
thePeloponnesus
invade
indeed
were
citiesof thepeninsula
andother
Messene
him.So faras
sidedwith
orvoluntarily
"freed,"
NUMISMATIC
NOTES
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ANDRITSAENA
39
oursources
wouldseemto show,however,
the
forces
never
cameto anyactualfighting,
forthe
of
in
at
the
this
power Polysperchon Peloponnesus
time
wascomparatively
weak.
8Forinstance,
in theKyparissia
hoard(q. v.)
there
were15 European
as against
Alexanders,
only5 Asiatic.Alsoin theLamiahoard(inthe
National
Athens
wehave18European
Collection)
to ii Asiatic
Alexanders.
The Messene
hoard,
which
thewriter
soontopublish,
a
hopes
represents
andveryinteresting
case. Here,
special
namely,
turned
there
Asiatic
and
one
up30
only European
I
Alexander
8iodorus,
XIX,57,5.
10XIX,61,5.
11XIX,56,2 and5; XIX,57,1,where
wealso
learn
thattheother
wereonlytooanxious
satraps
to divide
thespoils.
12RevueNumismatique
, 1904,
pp.117-133.
18One,however,
in theEpidaurus
occurred
hoard,
1903,
Ephemeris,
pp.98-116.
14EarleFoxin Corolla
Numismatica,
pp.34-46.
2ndEd.,p. 397. Head,
Numorum,
Head,Historia
in thefirst
edition
of theHistoria
andin the
Brit.Mus.Cat.Attica,
asetc.,hadpreviously
thesecoinstotheimpossible
date480-456
signed
b.c. Curiously
Babelonhas recently
enough,
himinthis(Trait,
followed
IIs, pp.155-158).
15Notthesamedealer
from
whom
theAndritsaenapieceswereeventually
acquired.
18Published
inArch.
byJ.N. Svoronos,
Deltion,
Vol.II, pp.273-335.
17AsbothHeadandBabelon
believe.
AND
MONOGRAPHS
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