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The bearing arrangement of a rotating shaft requires two bearings to locate and support the shaft radially and axially. In most applications one of the bearings locates the shaft both radially and axially. The second bearing provides purely radial support. These are known as locating and non-locating or "fixed" and "free" bearings.
Non-locating bearings
Non-locating bearings provide radial support only and must allow the shaft relative movement to the locating or fixed bearing to allow thermally induced dimensional changes. This can take place within the bearing itself, as in a cylindrical roller bearing, or between one of the bearing rings and its seating. Cross-located bearings In some applications both bearings are used to locate the shaft axially. All types of radial ball and roller bearings, which can accept axial loads in at least one direction, can be included in this category. In these instances the effect of thermal expansion within the bearings and shaft assembly must be provided for when fitting the bearings.
Ball Bearings
Single row deep groove ball bearings
This bearing type forms the largest group because of its ability to carry both axial and radial loads, the very low friction and low noise and the low maintenance required. It is suitable for high speed and light loads. Many of these bearings are sealed or shielded for life. Most are designated and dimensioned to the ISO standards.
converging towards the bearing axis, It is extremely important that these bearings are mounted together in the correct orientation and with the correct degree of pre-load or clearance.
Y-bearing units
The Y-bearing unit is a complete unit consisting of a bearing mounted in a bearing housing. The bearings are based on the deep groove ball bearing but have an extended inner ring and a spherical outer ring diameter, which allows for static misalignment of the bearings. The bearings can be fitted in various types of housing; cast iron being the most common but pressed steel and plastic housings is also used. The Y-bearing units are very robust and simple to use but do not allow for axial displacement that may take place due to thermally induced dimensional changes. For this reason the bearing centres should be short or the housing supported on a resilient material or structure, such as sheet metal
Roller Bearings Single row cylindrical roller bearings The rollers of these bearings are guided between internal flanges usually present on only one of the bearing rings The bearing ring with the flanges also carries the roller and cage assembly, which allows the other ring of the bearing to be removed and mounted or dismounted separately. The NU type bearing has two integral flanges on the outer ring and an inner ring without flanges. The N type has two integral flanges on the inner ring and an outer ring without flanges. Other less common variations are also available. This bearing is capable of carrying very high radial loads and will allow axial displacement of the shaft within the bearing. They are therefore suitable for use as nonlocating bearings. Taper roller bearings Taper roller bearings have tapered inner and outer ring raceways between which tapered rollers are arranged. The tapered surfaces, if extended, would converge towards a single point on the shaft axis. Their design makes
them very suitable for carrying combined radial and axial loads. The axial load carrying capacity is determined by the contact angle, which corresponds to the angle of the outer ring raceway. Like the single row angular contact ball bearing, the taper roller bearing can only carry loads in one direction. A second bearing must be used in either back-to-back or face-to-face configuration. Since the roller ends are in sliding contact with the flange face' good lubrication is of utmost importance. Spherical roller bearings The spherical roller bearing consists of an inner ring with a double raceway on which two rows of spherical rollers are attached by the cages. A central guide ring is present separating the roller ends. The outer ring has a spherical raceway. These bearings are capable of carrying large axial and radial loads. They also have the capability to accept misalignment. The spherical roller bearing is extremely rugged and is used in applications where heavy and arduous loads are present. The bearing can be found in two basic configurations; taper and cylindrical bore. Taper bore allows for easier replacement of bearings on the shaft and greater control of the residual clearance in the bearing during fitting. The CARB Bearing The CARB bearing is a unique bearing to SKF and has remarkable properties. It has a single row sphered raceway and rollers, which allow for dynamic misalignment and high radial load capacity while offering great freedom for axial movement within the bearing. It can be used as the non-locating bearing in arrangements that require large axial, thermally induced movement in applications such as the drying cylinders on paper machines and support rollers on continuous casting machines. This arrangement results in less vibration and greater stability and a higher product quality control and accuracy.
CARB bearing
Magnitude of load
The interference fit of a bearing inner ring on its seating can be affected by increasing load and relative temperature changes. The greater the load, the greater the interference required.
Temperature conditions
Service rings often have a higher temperature than the mating components. This can result in an easing of the fit on the inner ring and reduced internal bearing clearance or an increased interference between the outer ring and its seating.
Running accuracy
Where high demands are placed on running accuracy, clearance fits should not be used. To reduce run-out and vibration, bearing seating should be machined to tolerances to least grade 5 for the shaft and at least grade 6 for the housing as recommended by SKF.
at all times. A clearance fit should be used for the ring, which carries the stationary load. In the case of stationary outer ring where the axial movement takes place within the housing, it is sometimes necessary to insert a hardened bush to reduce wear and possible locking of the bearings movement. This would apply especially to light alloy housings. Cylindrical roller bearing types N and NU can be fitted with an interference fit on both rings, as the axial displacement can take place within the bearing.