Philwomen Platforms 04.04.

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Womens Platforms on ASEAN: Philwomen Issues1 The Southeast Asia (SEA) women, particularly Filipino womens issues on ASEAN are highly affected by the economic-oriented paradigm of development and the patriarchal and heteronormative beliefs influencing the policies and courses of action of ASEAN. Women have been clamoring for womens issues to be at the heart of its agenda and for genuine participation of peoples of ASEAN, especially of the marginalized. Filipino women call for ASEAN to have a womens rights agenda. ASEAN should be able to protect women from any and all forms of discrimination and human rights violation. Globalization and neoliberal policies continue to aggravate inequality and disparity between the rich and poor countries. Whilst the ASEAN has been venturing into market-oriented development schemes, but there is still no clear and sound human rights guidelines to ensure that these schemes and agreements adhere to international human rights standards. The economic and trade orientedness of ASEAN has been found to undermine local and sustainable trade especially agriculture and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) - further exacerbating the impact of climate change causing more damage and disasters in many communities in Southeast Asia. There remains no formal reporting or feedback mechanism to ensure accountability of ASEAN to the masses especially the marginalized groups such as women and the impoverished sector of society. Member states have an obligation to create enabling conditions/ environment that is conducive to the full development of women towards the full realization of their fundamental rights and freedoms. 1. Violence Against Women VAW is considered as gender-based discrimination as defined by the CEDAW 2. Violence against women (VAW) spans from the abuses and violations experienced by women in intimate relationships, women with disabilities, women migrants and migrant women who lack protections in foreign countries, elderly, women in armed conflict situation and disasters, culture-based violence (i.e., mutilation, early marriages, bride abduction, control of womens reproductive health and sexuality), to violence against a lesbians, bisexual women, and trans people (LBTs). . Women still do not receive adequate and effective protection from the law. The Philippines may have legislations aiming to address VAW but gaps remain in the implementation of the laws. In isolated rural villages and remote provinces like Sulu and Tawi-Tawi where Philippine laws hardly apply, legal redress is nil outside customary courts traditionally presided by male elders and religious authorities who are often uncharitable to women. Many barriers exist which hinder womens access to justice include inadequacies of states response on VAW cases such as . the lack of provision for psychosocial support to VAW victim-survivors and poorly equipped womens desks and frontline service providers in police stations. A vital need, as may be
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Prepared by the Philwomen on ASEAN, a loose network of womens rights groups and advocates in the Philippines taking on womens advocacy on ASEAN. 2 See CEDAW General Recommendation No. 19

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 indicated by the growing incidence of violence against LBTs is the recognition of the rights of sexual minorities by installing and institutionalizing protective measures in law enforcement agencies and state apparatuses and in the legal system itself. Another very important issue facing women in certain cultures is rape. In the Sulu Islands, family honor or sipug (sense of shame) prevent many families from filing charges in the Shariah Court and the barangay justice system, so that many gang rapes remain undocumented. For women victims who survive the assault (i.e., when they are not murdered after the sexual assault), the only recourse most know is to ship them off to another island or to a city before they could recover from the trauma, while perpetrators are allowed to stroll in the street, unmolested and unapprehended. A major factor that bars Muslim women from seeking gender justice is the social injunction against speaking against the tribe. To speak of rape is not only to speak against the men and besmirch the honor of the family; it is also damaging to the image of the already much-maligned Muslim community. Recommendation The call for womens access to justice in violence against women (VAW 3) should not be lodged in just one mechanism of ASEAN, but should be directed at ASEAN as a whole. There is a need to sensitize or make the justice systems in ASEAN gender-sensitive and accessible to women. The justice systems of ASEAN member states should be at par with the international human rights standards. ASEAN must be able to create a body that will address complaints on violence against women and children. This could be through the creation of an ASEAN human rights court. ASEAN should draw lessons on regionalism and human rights from the regional blocs such as the European Union (EU). Concerns of gender-based discrimination can also be addressed through the creation of an ASEAN Womens rights code, which will guarantee equal opportunities to women especially LBTs, abolish discriminatory policies and practices against LBT, Muslim and IP women and abolish cultural barriers which impede womens development and participation. Trafficking and Prostitution Human trafficking has severe impact to women: statelessness, displacement, labor and, sexual exploitation. Filipino women, including trans women from urban and rural areas are targeted in this trade. Trafficking has infiltrated many communities not only in the cities but also those in the conflict and calamity and post-disaster areas. In times of war/conflict or calamaties/disasters, illegal recruiters and traffickers pounce on the opportunity to target young women. Mindanao and Palawan serve as backdoor for migration (e.g. Sama Dilaut) some of which comes with elements of trafficking. More young women are trafficked within Davao City; some have been engaged in cyber sex. The government has been inconsistent with its responses. While it provides support for trafficked women, it also criminalizes women in prostitution most of whom are trafficking survivors.
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The definition of VAW is expanded which also includes physical, psychological and sexual violence. See Article 2 of the UN Declaration on VAW (http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/48/a48r104.htm)

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 Traffickers are still able to evade prosecution. There remains no comprehensive reintegration program for survivors of trafficking. There is no transparency in the use of anti-trafficking funds. Meanwhile, the Anti-Prostitution Bill which decriminalizes women in prostitution, punishes buying and the business, and provides for comprehensive services for persons in prostitution, has been sitting in Congress in the last 9 years While strong social movements have produced good laws for the prevention and prosecution of human trafficking and protection of trafficking victim-survivors and overseas Filipino workers in the whole migration experience; gaps remain in the implementation of these laws. Challenges lie on the on-site protection for domestic workers as most of the destination countries lack social and labour legislation to protect women working in the households. Trafficking is a transnational issue and therefore requires a harmonized response from ASEAN member states. ASEAN in itself is a complex terrain where member states are countries of origin, destination and transit of trafficking. There needs to be a more nuanced understanding of this issue within the region. As of this writing, there are trafficked Filipinas who are still detained and criminalized in Malaysia. Recommendation In accordance with the UN Protocol on Trafficking ratified by the ASEAN countries, states should protect and give comprehensive services to trafficked persons, instead of criminalizing them. ASEAN should tackle the issue on trafficking especially of women separately from terrorism and transnational crimes. There should be a review of existing laws on trafficking and prostitution by improving the AntiTrafficking Law and repealing the Vagrancy Act in the Philippines, as well as similar acts that revictimize women in prostitution. CEDAW recommendations of 2006 to protect women in prostitution and address the demand side of the sex industry must be upheld by immediately passing the Anti-Prostitution Bill. There is a need to introduce institutional changes and build capacities among duty bearers like the police for them to provide gender-sensitive responses to women survivors of trafficking. There is a need to involve civil society in budget planning, implementation and evaluation for trafficking programs. Violence and discrimination against lesbians, bisexual women, and trans people (LBTs) Lesbians, bisexual women, and trans people (LBTs) suffer from and are discriminated against by heteronormative policies and practices in various public and private institutions. LBT youth are bullied in schools, discouraging many from pursuing formal education. Often growing up with internalized homophobia and low self-esteem, LBTs face issues on equality and violation that result to limited access to employment and other opportunities including health care, preventing them from contributing positively to nation building. There are also women with disabilities who are LBTs suffering multiple layers of discrimination and abuse. Actual or perceived sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) has been used as basis for not hiring LBTs. There have been no equal opportunities especially for transsexual women. 3

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 Transsexual women are perceived as sex workers, not fit for formal professions (e.g. academe). Further, transsexual women have been denied and discriminated in accessing health services. There has been a persistent neglect by governments of trans womens health and specific needs. They continue to suffer demeaning treatment and harassment in both public and private institutions and establishments such as in government offices, academic institutions, hospitals, hotel industries, among others. They have also been denied the use of public and private services such as rest rooms and transportation. Transsexual women experience many human rights violations in airports where many of them have been detained, interrogated and harassed. There has been no gender recognition law which would address discrimination and violations against trans women by both state and private actors and institutions in different countries including those outside ASEAN. LBT partnerships and families to this day are not recognized. With this non-recognition, LBT partnerships and families are denied of their rights to co-owned properties, of their status as rightful beneficiaries of their partners, and of custody of their children. LBTs remain at risk of being falsely accused of kidnapping their consenting same-sex partners. The government has been silent on gender stereotyping, homophobia, punitive rape, and other forms of discrimination against LBTs. The Anti-Discrimination bill has been languishing in Congress for years, while existing local-level laws penalizing employment discrimination have yet to be implemented effectively. Recommendation ASEAN should encourage member states to repeal and condemn laws penalizing LBTs and should decriminalize homosexuality. It should also encourage member states like the Philippine government to prioritize and enact laws that will promote and protect the rights of LBTs. There should also be policies enacted for the provision of social benefits to LBT partners and families which include medical insurance, health services, etc. Violence and discrimination against women with disabilities Persons with disabilities, especially women (PWD women) are marginalized in governments development programs. Opportunities for employment and education have been found severely limited. PWD women continue to experience discrimination in the community and within their families. There is lack of support from their families where they are being deprived of their basic needs and rights, especially education. Communities do not have enough sensitivity relating to PWD women. Women with disabilities are more vulnerable to violence and sexual abuse. Cases of rape and other sexual abuse disproportionately victimize PWD women. There are PWD women who have been exploited in prostitution and human trafficking. To this day, PWD women continue to experience difficulty in accessing justice. There remains a grave lack of interpreters for deaf women during court hearing. Recommendation

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 ASEAN should ensure state obligation of member states to address violence against women with disabilities. Governments should look into Cambodias programs for women with disabilities. Cambodia provides legal assistance in court procedures (e.g. provision of interpreter). ASEAN should ensure that all member states ratify and implement the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities or CRPD. Accordingly, enforcement and implementation of this convention should be properly monitored. 2. Economic Empowerment The ASEANs economic policies are geared towards trade and profit with serious consequences to the rights and welfare of women. There are bilateral and multilateral agreements which are largely for profit yet are found violative of human rights. Contractualization of workers, low wages, lack of protections, poor working conditions, among others are some of the violations perpetuated by corporations and states which have entered agreements. The same have also undermined land rights of people, with extractive industries such as mining taking away ancestral and agricultural lands from indigenous and farming communities. Lack of access to and control over land and coastal resources Womens lack of access to land and coastal resources is a result of gender inequality and genderbased discrimination in the economy and development programs of the government. A large proportion of rural women still lack access to and control over land, water and other resources, resulting to increased poverty. This has been found as one of the push factors for women to migrate to urban areas and outside the Philippines. The disempowerment of women has been attributed to the expropriation of land by the government from farmers for the use of plantations, biofuel industry and real estate businesses. This adds on to the breaching of the Agrarian Reform Law, which remains to be unfinished even after more than two decades of program implementation, further depriving women access to and ownership of land. Philippines is an agricultural country but the government does not prioritize agriculture, fisheries, and food sovereignty in general. To the detriment of local farmers and further shoving the economy to the brink of downfall, the government persistently seeks importation of rice and other crops from other countries. Free trade agreements impede gains and opportunities for a sustainable, equitable and gender-fair economy. There is dearth in opportunities for women to pursue local trade or small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Competition has been intense and access to and control of capital and production remain critical issues for women. Economic policies of the government are ineffective in promoting prioritization of local products and strengthening local economic sustainability. Recommendation: ASEANs platform on development must be people-oriented, sustainable, just, genderresponsive. ASEAN should encourage member states such as the Philippines to adopt an economic policy focused on job creation and security and where local economy would equally 5

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 benefit from. There is a need to take into account the impact of globalization and the role of multilateral development banks and their implications to sustainable local trade. ASEAN must be challenged to review its policies on export mechanisms. It has to re-evaluate governments policies in exporting labor (e.g. domestic workers, caregivers, nurses, etc.) and commodities which do not benefit the economy and the welfare of the ASEAN people. ASEAN should look into ways to strengthen local economic sustainability of its member states. Agriculture and food security should be prioritized especially for agricultural countries such as the Philippines. The economic blueprint and the rest of the economic agreements and policies of ASEAN should also look how each government could address the needs of SMEs and promote local trade in each ASEAN country. It must likewise review the laws and status of intellectual property rights which are most unfavorable to small business owners . ASEAN and the governments framework on development should focus on enhancing local resources for local development. Natural resources should benefit ASEAN people. ASEAN must refrain from catering to foreign investors in mining and land investments that threaten food production systems. ASEAN must promote land rights and respect patrimony of the ASEAN people especially the indigenous communities. ASEAN must ensure that member states create and implement more programs on sustainable and gender-responsive livelihoods and ensure that these are accessible to LBTs and PWD women. Member states such as the Philippines should provide capital to women especially rural women and urban poor women, create programs that enhance womens skills on sustainable livelihoods, strengthen their access to and control over agricultural land and other production inputs such as seeds and technology; ensure entitlements of women as agrarian reform beneficiaries; ensure access to municipal waters and support women-managed coastal zones and women fishers registration; provide information on governments economic, development and livelihood programs for women; and promote home-based enterprises for women in the communities. Discrimination in formal and informal work Challenges confronting women in informal and formal labor include extreme lack of employment opportunities for women. For the past decades, the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of women has been less than 50% 4. At the same time, majority of women who are active in the labor force are found in informal labor which means lower wages without benefits and extreme working conditions. Moreover, women in informal work do not have access to social protection and security of workplace. Womens work both in formal and informal work persistently lacks recognition, being viewed as merely appendage or secondary to mens work. Working women continue to suffer multiple burden with their male counterparts refusing to partake in the reproductive work. Liberalization of trade and services undermine workers rights. The ASEAN is entering into agreements following GATS framework which are gravely unfavorable to workers. There is bias against women especially LBTs and PWD women in terms of hiring, type of work, wages,
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Source: http://pcw.gov.ph/index.php/statistics-on-filipino-women-men/14-factsheets-on-filipino-women-men

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 benefits and working conditions and promotions (more women in the rank and file but few women in managerial or supervisory positions). In plantations, women are often hired on a contractual basis as plantation owners avoid requirements on maternity benefits. The government continues to condone discriminatory labor policies. It also does not comply with CEDAW and fully implement even its own Magna Carta of Women. In EPZs, women are treated as cheap labor and are preferred mainly due to their perceived dexterity. There is rampant contractualization and discrimination which target women. For instance, single women are preferred in Mactan Economic Processing Zones (MEPZ). Women applying for work have been required to submit pregnancy test results as basis for hiring. Recommendation Movement of workers should not operate from the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) framework. ASEAN must abolish labor flexibility schemes that violate workers rights and treat workers as commodities. At the level of ASEAN, policies or mechanisms such as a labor code that standardizes salaries and working conditions which are affirmative and responsive to women. ASEAN should enjoin governments to come up with an employment generation program that will provide more employment opportunities for women. Affirmative action should be laid out to make sure that women have equal opportunity to employment. ASEAN should recognize womens work and contribution to development. ASEAN should encourage member states to develop and enforce policies and programs that would address womens multiple burden requiring male members of the family to partake in reproductive work. Discrimination in labor necessitates legal reform. Discriminatory provisions in existing labor laws and agreements must be repealed. ASEAN must also ensure that the private sector follows human rights standards and develop good labor practices for women. There should be recognition to both formal and informal work. Ensuring decent work is key to addressing poverty and promoting quality public services. ASEAN should follow ILO conventions, promote unionism, and promote ethical recruitment of health and education workers. EPZs should be in compliance with labor policies. Women workers should be provided with financial support and social protection even during pregnancy as guaranteed in the Labor Code. Women should not be subjected to hazardous and abusive working conditions such as working overtime without any pay. Women in the informal economy must be recognized and protected. Issues of women in informal work should be likewise addressed. ASEAN must ensure that member states provide security, proper regulation and protection of women in the areas of work of informal workers. ASEAN must encourage member states to provide social protection to informal workers especially womenMember states such as the Philippines should enact enabling policies to improve the informal sectors access to social protection.

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 Labor migration The overall lack of employment and livelihood opportunities in the country pushes women in risky and exploitative migration. Women labor migrants seek for means to support themselves and their family. Migration is often seen as a way out of poverty. The Philippines still denies that it commodifies Filipino labor as it actively promotes international labor migration. The Philippines, along with Indonesia as a top labor exporter of domestic workers reflects the exportoriented economic paradigm of the government. It sees labor migration primarily as business or trade grimly lacking of human rights lens. While it massively promotes labor migration, it is grossly lacking in putting in place adequate and effective protection mechanisms for women migrant workers. The government also fails to establish a comprehensive reintegration program for returning migrants. Discrimination persists in the wages and working conditions of Filipina migrant workers, which are observed to be lower and harsher than their male counterparts. Women are concentrated in gender-stereotyped work such as in the care industry which includes domestic work, nursing and caregiving. In 2007, the country declared a USD400 minimum wage for domestic workers as part of the reform package for household service workers (HSWs) implemented in December 2006 during the time of former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. This has resulted to salary downgrading and contract substitution of domestic workers. Filipina migrant workers are vulnerable to sexual abuse especially during detention. Images of Filipino women have also been commodified and sexualized in the proliferation of cyberpornography and mail-order brides. There are no programs addressing reproductive health of women migrants both in the country of origin and destination. Pregnancy remains a basis for deportation. Recommendation ASEAN must develop a program for secure and rights-based migration. ASEAN must ensure that sufficient information about countries of destination should be provided to migrant workers, which includes information about who to approach in cases of crisis. ASEAN must encourage member states to ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (CMW) and International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions such as the ILO 189 or the Convention on Decent Work for Domestic Workers. Member states should enhance and monitor the implementation of existing migrant work laws such as the RA 10022 or the Migrant Workers Act of the Philippines. ASEAN must strengthen protections for migrant workers and recognize migrants rights to socio-cultural, economic and political development. ASEAN should ensure that both sending and receiving countries hold co-responsibility in promoting and upholding the rights of women migrants with due recognition to their contribution to the respective countries development. On this track, ASEAN labour receiving countries should be duly held accountable for the protection of the women migrants who are contributing to their economy and welfare. Likewise, ASEAN member-states should strive to create jobs and support local economies as a way to address poverty that pushed many women to find work away from their country, 8

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 community, and family. States should also be able to maximize the gains of migration and minimize the pains or costs of migration through genuine community development which includes policies and programs for women. Displacement and Lack of access to decent housing Womens lack of access to decent housing has been aggravated by demolitions and displacements. Households headed by LBTs are de-prioritized in the provision of decent housing in relocation sites. Women experience forced eviction and displacement due to conflicts, development projects and disasters. Women experience displacement especially in conflict areas with counter insurgencies, particularly in some communities in Leyte, Samar, Negros and parts of Mindanao. There is a growing influx of people from the rural areas to urban centers. This resulted to congestion and consequently demolitions where human rights violations are rampant. Recommendation ASEAN must look into the grave effects of displacement and demolitions to women including LBTs and PWD women. A mechanism should be put in place to lessen the impact of displacement to women. Protection mechanisms should be put in place especially for internally displaced women and children. There should be strict enforcement of laws on demolition preventing violence and violations against communities. Policies and programs should be instituted to ensure provision of decent housing for women ASEAN should set standards for decent human settlements. There should be a program which will provide land tenure for women. ASEAN should push that member states review and amend their housing laws. For displacements due to urban demolitions, the creation of a Complaints Mechanism within the ASEAN that would receive complaints on violations of domestic housing laws should be encouraged. The Complaints Mechanisms will likewise monitor compliance of member states to take progressive steps on provision of housing as a human right using the key elements provided in international human rights standards. The said mechanism shall also look into complaints of internal displacements in conflict areas with counter insurgency operations; and also with displacements due to mining activities that are subsequently militarized.

3. Environment and Climate Change Women rely on local natural resources for their livelihood because of their responsibility to secure water, food and energy for cooking and heating in their communities. As a result of climate change, indigenous communities are also inappropriately resettled, without due regard to the cultural needs of the communities. Mining has historically displaced indigenous and local communities. It further prevents and destructs the continued survival of crops which are indigenous to the area. Foreign investments in extractive industries such as mining and the economic processing zones (EPZs) lead to the destruction of the environment which aggravates

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 the impact of climate change. This leads to disasters and devastation including the tragic loss of lives and properties of many communities. Recommendation: ASEAN must review its policies on mining and foreign investments which are harmful and detrimental to the environment and the communities. Gender-responsive policies and protections should be in place in safeguarding the environment and preventing the disastrous consequences of mining and climate change. ASEAN should promote the use of renewable energy. As a regional body, it should call the attention of the concerned developed countries regarding the emission of carbon dioxide and demand their accountability for the damages they have done. ASEAN must ensure that there are gender-responsive mechanisms during disasters which shall address the needs of women, especially those with disabilities, the elderly, among others. Member states should ensure meaningful participation and representation of women in matters relating to climate change and disasters. 4. Political Participation Women, along with their communities who are directly affected by ASEAN agreements have not been involved in political processes related to ASEAN. In many cases, women in the communities are not aware of the agreements developed by ASEAN. Agreements, policies and decisions made by ASEAN should be popularized for women in the communities or grassroots to understand. There are hardly women representatives from grassroots or NGOs in both national and regional levels in the ASEAN processes. ASEAN should enjoin member states to maximize local colleges and universities in localizing dissemination and popularization, and simplifying concepts and discussions on ASEAN for easy understanding of community people. On ASEAN bilateral agreements, there have been no consultations with the affected communities in establishing EPZs and contracting with foreign investors. In conflict areas, formal peace talks are highly politicized with women lacking meaningful participation. The alienation of women in peace processes begins with their human rights issues left unrecognized and human rights obligations unenforced. The underlying causes of conflict including issues already mentioned in this paper, such as unfair trade, deprivation of land rights and environmental destruction must be recognized and addressed. There are communities who are excluded from the process, such as the communities of Sama Dilaut which settle along the coast of Southern Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. While the Sama Dilaut communities along Malaysia and Indonesia have been recognized, those in Southern Philippines and Brunei have been excluded in peace processes. They have no access to local and regional processes and have been rendered invisible by the Philippine government. Recommendation Womens meaningful participation and legitimate representation should be ensured at all levels of the processes of ASEAN. Enabling conditions should be present which would allow women 10

Philwomen Platforms 04.04.13 to meaningfully participate in planning and decision-making in ASEAN and the development of their communities. Community learning centers can be created where reading materials are popularized and simplified for easy understanding of community. Dissemination can be handled by the media in local dialects. Alternative learning systems and schools, in coordination with LGUs and the local department or ministry of education can as well be tapped. Women and CSO participation should be explicitly provided in ASEAN policies and declarations. This shall also include protection for human rights defenders and CSOs whose critical engagement with ASEAN make them targets of human rights violations. Economic blueprint is untouchable women are excluded while economic and political agenda negatively impacts women. There should be women representatives in both national and regional levels from communities/ grassroots/ NGOs in the ASEAN processes ASEAN should ensure institutional arrangements to enable civil society organizations (CSO) participation. CSOs should be given an observer status in ASEAN meetings. CSOs as representative of peoples of Southeast Asia, should participate during negotiations. There should be policies and declarations that shall provide for transparency and accountability in ASEAN in all its policies, decisions and agreements. Transparency and accountability should be clearly stipulated in the bilateral agreements. These shall lead to creating mechanisms such as reporting, monitoring, complaint mechanism/inquiries. ASEAN should promote national action plans on UN Resolution 1325 on Women in Armed Conflict and Participation in Peace Processes. It should encourage member states to strengthen special offices for Muslim and indigenous communities such as the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples to facilitate participation of muslim and indigenous women in the peace processes. Women from minority backgrounds must be given the opportunity for political participation and should not be treated as tokenism. Participation necessitates awareness and education. ASEAN should make human rights and international humanitarian law awareness and education a priority, especially stressing the rights of vulnerable sectors including women. ASEAN should establish mandates for each member states to provide access to information on ASEAN in different forms of media (print, radio, television, etc.). ASEAN should have an education program to be implemented in all the member states to inform the masses and the communities of Southeast Asia on all the undertakings of ASEAN. This should be integrated in the comprehensive gender-responsive and culturally sensitive basic education and literacy program of member states. Member states should institute gender and human rights education in the curricula of academes which includes age-appropriate sexuality education. -endFor more information, please email womenslegalbureau@yahoo.com, or visit Philwomen facebook page https://www.facebook.com/pages/Philwomen-on-Asean/102742296493324? fref=ts

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