19th April 2013 MUHAMMAD MOHIUDDIN Professor Department of International Business Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Sir,

Subject: Submission of Report on Price of Hartals: Impact on the Economy of Bangladesh Here is the report you requested on 08 March 2013 on the topic named Impact of Hartals on the Economy of Bangladesh as a part of study curriculum of Business Communication. The report attempts to describe how badly hartals affect the economy of Bangladesh. Different key sectors are identified which are most adversely affected by hartals. These sectors include transport sector, export sector, retail sector and private & public sector. From the report it is evident that hartal is a luxury which we can never effort. I have tried my level best to collect as much information as I could from all the available sources. Mainly I used secondary data collection method in preparing this report. However, there might have been some mistakes done due to my lack of experience on preparing a report. Therefore I request your kind consideration in this regard. Any kind of suggestion will be accepted cordially. This report offered me a good experience on how to prepare a long report. I hope and believe that this report will secure your approval and serve its academic purpose.

Sincerely yours,

SM BADRUDDOJA ASRAFI I

ID# 801310001 Department of International Business

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STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP
This report titled Price of Hartals: Impact on the Economy of Bangladesh has been composed by myself and is my original work. The work reported upon within and all other work used is acknowledged at the relevant places in the text. No other persons work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the report. This report, neither in whole nor in part, has been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution.

____________________________________ SM BADRUDDOJA ASRAFI ID# 801310001

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all I like to convey my thanks to the almightily Allah for blessing me in completing my report. I would like to thanks to my helpful and cordial teacher Prof. Muhammad Mohiuddin for showing me the procedure of preparing the report, guiding and answering all my questions and helping me to produce such report. Thanks to my class mates and senior students for helping me in collecting the information. Thanks to my spouse for reviewing my report and allowing me to spend my family time in preparing this report. Special thanks to different report writers, newspapers and television channels whose information helped me a lot in preparing this report successfully.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page Letter of Transmittal Statement of Authorship Acknowledgments Table of Contents List of Table List of Figures I II III IV VI VII

Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Purpose Scope Limitations Methodology Report Preview Chapter 2: Historical Background Definition of Hartal The Origins of Hartals as a Form of Peaceful Protest Historical Breakdown of Hartals in Bangladesh (1947-1971) Hartals in Bangladesh after Independence Chapter 3: Measuring the Economic Cost of Hartals Introduction GDP Loss Long Term Impact Chapter 4: Impact of Hartals on the Transport Sector Introduction Impact on Formal Road Transport Sector Impact on Auto Rickshaws and Tempo Operators Impact on Rickshaws and Cycle-van Drivers Impact on Railway Sector

01 01 02 02 02 02 02 03 03 03 04 04 06 06 06 07 08 08 08 09 09 10

Chapter 5: Impact of Hartals on the Export Sector Introduction A Closer Look at the Garments Sector Impact on Garments Factories Chapter 6: Impact of Hartals on the Retail Sector Introduction Impact on Hawkers and Vendors Impact on Small Retail Stores Transportation Problem

11 11 11 12 13 13 13 13 14

Chapter 7: Impact of Hartals on the Private and Public Sector 15 Chapter 8: Impact of Hartals on the Rural Economy Introduction Impact on Rich and Poor Information on Hartal Impact on Farmers Impact on Fishermen Chapter 9: Summary and Conclusions Summary Conclusions APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY 16 16 16 16 16 17 18 18 19 21 22

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LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1 Yearly Cost of Hartals, millions Taka 06

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Hartals in Bangladesh: 1947-2006 04

Figure 4.1 Nationwide Fire on the Transport from Nov 12 to Mar 13 09 Figure 5.1 Loss in Export for Readymade Garments Industry due to Hartals 11

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