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Focus on Exam 10
1
1x2dx = e (y + 2)
x
1 dy
( y + 2) = xe
2
dy
dx
( y + 2)-2 dy = e x x - e x(1) dx
x
sec y tan y dy =
When x = 2 and y = 0, sec 0 = ln| 23 - 7| + c 1=0+c c=1 sec y = ln| x3 - 7 | + 1 Hence, the particular solution is y = sec-1 [ ln| x3 - 7| + 1]
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012
dy - 2y = 4x dx
Integrating factor = e -2 dx = e-2x dy e-2x - 2ye-2x = 4xe-2x dx d (ye-2x) = 4xe-2x dx 4 ye-2x = 4xe-2x dx ye-2x = e 4dx 1-12 e 2(4x) - 1- 1 2 2
-2x -2x
1-122e
-2x
+c
dy + y tan x = sec x dx
tanx dx
Integrating factor = e
= e cos x
sin x dx
- -sin x dx = e cos x
dy sec x + y tan x sec x = sec2 x dx d ( y sec x) = sec2 x dx y sec x = sec2 x dx y sec x = tan x + c y 1 sin x = +c 1cos x cos x y = sin x + c cos x
dy 5 x + 2y = 3x + sin x dx dy 2 1 + y = 3 + sin x x dx x
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012
Integrating factor = e x 2 ln x =e ln x2 =e = x2 x2 dy + 2xy = 3x2 + x sin x dx d (yx2) = 3x2 + x sin x dx yx2 = (3x2 + x sin x) dx yx2 = x3+(-cos x) x- (-cos x)(1) dx yx2 = x3
2 dx
- x cos x + cos x dx
6 I = e xcos x dx
I = e cos x + e
x x x
I = e x cos x - e x (-sin x) dx
x
sin x dx
I = e xcos x + e x sin x - e x cos x dx I = e cos x + e sin x - I 2I = e x cos x + e x sin x 1 I = e x (cos x + sin x) + c [Shown] 2 dy + y = cos x dx Integrating factor = e = e x dy e x + e x y = e xcos x dx d (ye x) = excos x dx
1 dx
dy y 1 + = dx x x + 1
1 x + 1x x+1 -1
yx =
11 - x + 1 dx
1
yx = x - ln | x + 1| + c
Integrating factor = e
2tanx dx
= e cos x
2sin x dx
-2 -sin x dx
dy sec2 x + 2y tan x sec2 x = sin x sec2 x dx d y sec2 x + y2 sec x(sec x tan x) = sin x sec2 x dx d (y sec2 x) = sin x sec2 x dx y sec2 x = sin x sec2 x dx y sec2 x = sin x
1 dx cos2 x
p 3 p p (1) sec2 = sec + c 3 3 1 1 = +c 2 p cos cos p 3 3 1 1 = +c 2 1 1 2 2 4=2+c c=2 y sec2 x = sec x + 2 y = 1 when x =
1 1 = +2 cos 2 x cos x
2
y = cos x + 2 cos2 x
9 y = ux dy du = u(1) + x dx dx dy du = u + x dx dx dy (x3 + xy2) = x3 + y3 dx dy x3 + y3 = dx x3 + xy2 Using the substitution y = ux, du x3 + u3x3 u + x = 3 dx x + xu2x2 du 1 + u 3 u + x = dx 1 + u2 du 1 + u 3 x = -u dx 1 + u2 du 1 + u3 - u - u3 x = 1 + u2 dx du 1 - u x = dx 1 + u2 1 + u2 dx du = 1-u x 2 - u - 1 + du = ln | x | + c 1-u
u2 - u - 2 ln |1 - u | = ln | x | + c 2 y2 y y 2 - 2 - - ln 1 = ln | x | + c 2x x x -
When y = 0 and x = 1, -0 - 0 - ln (1 - 0)2 = ln |1| + c c=0 y2 y Hence, the particular solution is - 2 - - ln 2x x 10 y = vx dy dv = v(1) + x dx dx dy dv =v+x dx dx dy (x - y) = 4x + y dx dy 4x + y = dx x - y By using the substitution y = vx, dv 4x + vx v + x = dx x - vx dv x(4 + v) v + x = dx x(1 - v) dv 4 + v v + x = dx 1 - v dv 4 + v x = -v dx 1 - v dv 4 + v - v(1-v) x = dx 1-v dv 4 + v2 x = dx 1 - v 1-v dx dv = 4 + v2 x 1 v dx dv dv = 4 + v2 4 + v2 x 1 1 2v dx dv dv = 4 + v2 2 4 + v2 x 1 v 1 tan-1 2 - ln (4 + v2) = ln | x | + c 2 2 2
y 1 - x
= ln | x |
4 + v
dv =
1 dv + v2
4 + (2 tan q)
2(1 + tan2 q) dq
y y 1 1 tan-1 - ln 4 + 2 = ln | x |+ c x 2 2 2x
y y2 1 1 tan-1 - ln | x| 4 + 2 x 2 2 2x
= c
[Shown]
4 3z dz = dx
1 dz = dx 31 3 3(4 3z)4
1 z 1 |4 + ln 3z| = x + c 3 9
1 1 (2x y) + ln |4 3(2x y)| = x + c 3 9 When x = 1 and y = 1, 1 1 (2 1) + ln |4 3(2 1)| = 1 + c 3 9 1 =1+c 3 2 c=3 1 1 2 Hence, the particular is (2x y) + ln |4 3(2x y)| = x . 9 3 3 13 z = x + y dy dz =1 dx dx dy dz =1 dx dx z Letting t = tan . 2 dt 1 2 z = sec 2 dz 2 z 2dt = 1 + tan2 2 dz 2dt = 1 + t2 dz dz = 2 dt 1 + t2
1+t2 z 1t2
2t
2 dt 1 + t2 = dx 1 - t2 11 + t2
t = dx 1 + t 2-d(1 -t)
2 2
2t 1 - t2 1 - t2 cos z = 1 + t2 tan z =
t = dx
2
dt
14
dv = - (hv + k) dt
hv + k = - dt
v0 0
dv
t 0
v=
2b 1 - ln |b - x| - ln b - 5
= t
2 1 - ln |b - x| - ln b - b = t 5 3 1 - ln |b - x| - ln b = t 5
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012
10
3
ln
b - x 3 b 5
= - t
b - x = e-t 3 b 5 3 b - x = be-t 5
x = b - 3be- t 5 x = b 1 - 3e- t 5 b 3 x = 1 - e- t 5
b As t , e- t 0. Thus, x .
The graph of x against t is as shown. b The limit if the population is .
x b
2b 5 O t
16
1 N
N 5 N 10
N 5 N 10
dx =k x(N - x)
dt
0
Let
A 1 B + x(N - x) x N - x 1 A(N - x) + Bx
1 1 + dx = k x N-x
N 10
dt
0
Letting x = N, 1 = BN B =
5 [ln x - ln N - x ] N = kN [t]T 0
3
ln
x N-x
N 5 N 10
= kNT
1 N ln 5 - ln 4 N 5
1 N 10 = kNT 9 N 10
11
ln
1 1 - ln = kNT 4 9 ln
12
1 4 1 9
x
= kNT
1 N
x N 10
ln 9 = kNT 4 k= 9 1 ln 4 NT
t 0
9 1 1 1 x + N - x dx = NT ln 4 dt 1 9 = ln [t] ln N x - x T 4
N 10
t 0
1 N x t 10 ln - ln = ln 9 N-x T 4 9 N 10
ln
3 t ln N9-x x = T 2
9x 3 ln = ln N-x 2 9x = 3 N-x 2 9x = 3 2
2t T
2t T 2t T 2t T
2t T
N- 3 2 N
2t T
x = 32 39 + 3 2 2 2 x= 19 N, 20 19 N 20
2N 9 + 32 2
3 2
2t T
2t T
When T = 2, x > N 3 22 9 + 32 2 3 2
t
2t T
2t T
>
2 19 > 20 9 + 32 2
t t 20 3 > 19(9) + 19 3 2 2
12
> 171 3 22 t lg1.5 > lg171 t > 12.68 hours 19 N is 12.68 hours. 20
Hence, the minimum time needed for the number of bacteria to exceed 17 a = g - gv 2 dv = g (1 - v 2) dt v t dv 2 = g dt 0 1 - v 0
ln 1 + v 1-v
v 0
= g[t]0
a - x dv = 2a lna - x + c
1 1
2 2
a+x
1 + v = egt - vegt v(1 + e gt) = e gt - 1 egt - 1 v = gt e + 1 Dividing each term of the RHS by e gt, v = a = g - gv 2 dv v = g (1 - v 2) dx
v dv 2 = 0 1 - v
v
0 x
g dx g dx
1 v -2v dv = -2 0 1 - v2
13
(a)
v
(b)
v
18 Given that the rate of increase of the substance B molecules (x) at any time varies directly as the number of the substance A molecules left unchanged (2N - x) at that time, then dx = k(2N - x), where k is a constant dt dx = k dt 2N - x x t [-ln |2N - x|]0 = k[t]0
-ln |2N - x| + ln 2N = kt ln 2N = kt 2N - x 2N = ekt 2N - x 2N = 2Nekt - ektx ektx = 2Nekt - 2N x= 2Nekt - 2N ekt ekt - 1 x = 2N e kt
14
2N
After a period of 1 hour, the number of the substance B molecules formed is one third of the number of the substance A molecules left unchanged. Therefore, 1 when t = 1, x = (2N - x). 3 1 x = (2N - x) 3 1 2N(1 - e-k) = [2N - 2N(1 - e-k)] 3 1 1 - e-k = [1 - (1 - e-k)] 3 1 1 - e-k = e-k 3 -k 3 - 3e = e-k 3 = 4e-k 3 = e-k 4 3 -k = ln 4 3 k = - ln 4 4 k = ln 3 3 When e-k = , 4 x = 2N(1 - e-kt) 3t x = 2N 1 4
3 1 24
3 1 24 3 1 24
15
1-
1 = 13 42 2 1 3 = 2 4 1 3 ln = t ln 2 4 ln 1 t= 2 3 ln 4 t = 2.41 hours
12
19
1 2
1 2
16
sin 2x dx = ln tan x + c
dy (sin 2x) = 2y(1 - y) dx dy 2 dx = y(1 - y) sin 2x Let A 1 B + y(1 - y) y 1 - y 1 A(1 - y) + By
1 1 2 dx + dy = y 1-y sin 2x
A is a constant
When x = and y = 1, 4 3 1 3 = A tan p 1 4 13 1 = A(1) 2 1 A= 2 y 1 = tan x 1-y 2 2y = tan x - y tan x y(2 + tan x) = tan x tan x y= 2 + tan x dy 21 x = y2 - y - 2 dx dy x = (y + 1)(y - 2) dx
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012
17
(y + 1)(y - 2)2 = x
dy
dx
1 1 dx + dy = 3(y + 1) 3(y - 2) x
1 1 - ln |y + 1| + ln |y - 2| = ln x + ln k 3 3
1 1 1 + - 3(y + 1) 3(y - 2) (y + 1)(y - 2) y-2 ln = 3 ln |kx| y+1 y-2 ln = ln |(kx) | y+1 y-2 ln = ln |k x | y+1 y-2 ln = ln |Ax |, where A = k y+1
3
k is a constant.
3 3
22 dv = sin p t dt
y-2 = Ax3 y+1 y - 2 = Ax3y + Ax3 y(1 - Ax3) = 2 + Ax3 y= 3 cos p t 3 cos p t) dt 2 + Ax3 1 - Ax3
dv = (sin p t -
1 v = - cos p t - 3 sin p t + c p p Since the particle moves from rest, v = 0 when t = 0. 1 0 = - cos 0 - 3 sin 0 + c p p 1 0 = - - 0 + c p 1 c = p 1 1 v = - cos p t - 3 sin p t + p p p 1 1 dx 3 = - cos p t sin p t + p p p dt 1 1 3 dx = - cos p t sin p t + dt p p p 1 1 3 x = - 2 sin pt + 2 cos p t + t + c p p p
18
When t = 0, x = 0, 1 3 sin 0 + 2 cos 0 + 0 + c p2 p 3 0= 2 +c p 3 c=- 2 p 1 1 3 3 \ x = - 2 sin p t + 2 cos p t + t - 2 p p p p dv When = 0, sin p t - 3 cos p t = 0 dt sin pt = 3 cos p t sin pt = 3 cos pt tan p t = 3 1 4 pt = p, p 3 3 1 4 t= , 3 3 1 When t = , 3 1 p p 1 3 v = - cos sin + p p 3 3 p 1 1 1 3 3 =- + p 2 p 2 p -1 - 3 + 2 = 2p 1 = - m s-1 p 4 When t = , 3 1 4p 4p 1 3 v = - cos sin + p p 3 3 p 1 1 1 3 3 =- - + p 2 p 2 p 1+3+2 = 2p 3 = m s-1 p 0=-
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
19
When t =
1 , 3 1 p p 1 3 3 x = - 2sin + 2 cos + - 2 p 3 p 3 3p p 1 3 1 3 1 3 = - 2 + 2 + p 2 p 2 3p p 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
3 3 - 3 3 + 8p - 6 3 6p 2 4p - 3 3 = m 3p2 Hence, the distance travelled by the particle between the first and second times its acceleration is zero 4p - 3 3 p - 3 3 3p 1 = 2= m 3p p 3p 2 3p 2 y = ux dy du = u(1) + x dx dx dy du =u+x dx dx dy x 2 = y 2 - xy dx dy y2 - x y = dx x2 23 Using the substitution y = ux, du u2x2 - x(ux) u + x = x2 dx du u + x = u2 - u dx du x = u2 - 2u dx du dx = u(u - 2) x 1 dx 1 - + du = 2u 2(u - 2) x
Let
A B 1 + u(u - 2) u u - 2 1 A(u - 2) + Bu
20
ln
2 = ln |kx| u u
u-2 = k 2x2 u y -2 x 2 2 y = cx , where c = k x y - 2x = cx2 y y - 2x = cx2y y (1 - cx2) = 2x 2x 1 - cx2 2x y= , where A = -c. 1 + Ax2 y=
dy 24 e x - y2(x + 1) = 0 dx dy e x = y2(x + 1) dx dy (x + 1) = dx y2 ex (x + 1) 1 dy = dx y2 ex
-2
1 dy = e
-x
(x + 1) dx
21
x(1000 - x) = k dt
Letting A 1 B + , x(1000 - x) x 1000 - x 1 A(1000 - x) + Bx
Letting x = 0, 1 = 1000A 1 A= 1000 Letting x = 1000, 1 = 1000B 1 B= 1000 Therefore, 1 1 1 1 + x(1000 - x) 1000x 1000(1000 - x) 1
1 x - 1000 - x2 dx = 1000kdt
ln (x) - ln (1000 - 1) = 1000kt + c When t = 0, x = 1 ln 1 - ln (1000 - 1) = 1000k(0) + c -ln 999 = c Therefore, ln (x) - ln (1000 - x) = 1000kt - ln 999 ln 999 + ln (x) - ln (1000 - x) = 1000kt 999x ln = 1000kt 1000 - x 999x = e1000kt 1000 - x
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012
-1
22
999x = 1000e1000kt - xe1000kt x(999 + e1000kt) = 1000e1000kt 1000e1000kt x= [Shown] 999 + e1000kt
(b) When t = 1, x = 5 1000e1000k(1) 5= 999 + e1000k(1) 4995 + 5e1000k = 1000e1000k e1000k(1000 - 5) = 4995 4995 e1000k = 995 999 = 199 1000k = ln 999 199 1 999 k= ln 1000 199
999 + e
999 199 999 199 999 199 999 199 999 199
t ln
t ln
t ln t ln
e t ln
Hence, the number of days before the camp activities will be suspended is 3.