Shashank Agarwal 10003016 Group 7 th 29 October 2012

Experiment 6.2 Gear Pump

AIM: The aim of this experiment is the study of Gear pump characteristics.

PROCEDURE:
Starting Procedure: 1. Clean the apparatus and make All Tanks free from Dust. 2. Close the drain valves provided. 3. Fill Sump tank with oil (SAE 40) and ensure that no foreign particles are there. 4. Open Flow Control Valve given on the discharge line and Control valve given on suction line. 5. Set the revolution of motor / pump with the help of variac. 6. Ensure that all On/Off Switches given on the Panel are at OFF position. 7. Now switch on the Main Power Supply (220 V AC, 50 Hz) and switch on the Pump. 8. Operate the Flow Control Valve to regulate the discharged. 9. Operate the Control Valve to regulate the suction of the pump. 10. Record discharge pressure by means of Pressure Gauge provided on discharge line 11. Record suction pressure by means of Vacuum Gauge, provided at suction of pump. 12. Record the power consumption by means of Energy meter, provided in panel with the help of stop watch. 13. Measure the discharged by using measuring tank and Stop Watch. 14. Repeat the same procedure for different speeds of pump and discharge. Shutdown Procedure: 1. When experiment is over, gate valve is proper open provided on discharge line. 2. Set the variac to zero position. 3. Switch OFF the pump first. 4. Switch OFF Power Supply to Panel (MCB).

Experimental Setup:
1. The present Gear Pump Test rig is a self-contained unit operated on closed circuit basis containing a sump tank. 2. The set-up consists of a gear pump having a pair of meshed gears , coupled with a DC motor is varied by means of Thyristor controlled DC drive to vary the RPM of motor 3. A RPM indicator with proximity sensor indicates the RPM of pump. 4. Flow of fluid is measured by using measuring tank and stop watch. 5. Vacuum gauge is fitted on suction line and pressure gauge is fitted on delivery line to measure the pressure.

UTILITIES REQUIRED:
Power supply: Single Phase, 220 Volts, 1KW Oil used: SAE 20W/40 (30 litres). Space required: 1.5 x 0.75 m.

OBSERVATIONS:

Given Data: Area of measuring tank (A) = 0.0625 m2 Energy meter constant (EMC) = 6400 Pulses/ kW hr Density of oil, = 868 Kg / m3 Motor efficiency = 0.8 Height up to which water is filled = 10 cm
SN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 RPM 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Time (10 impulses) tp (s) 37 35 31 40 23 20 17 15 13 Inlet Pressure Ps (mm hg) 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 100 Outlet Pressure Pd(kg/cm2) 0.91 1.22 1.31 1.65 1.84 2.10 2.54 2.95 3.36 Time taken to fill tank t (sec) 19 29 25 24 23 21 21 19 18

Calculations:

Formulae: 1. Electrical Power, H.P. elect. = (25 3600 1000) / (tp EMC 746) 2. Shaft Power, H.P. shaft = H.P. elect. motor 3. Efficiency of motor, motor = 0.8 (assumed) 4. Discharge, Q = (Ah) / t 5. Total Head, H = 11.5 [Pd + Ps/760] + 0.8 6. Pump Power, H.P. pump = ( Q H)/75 Overall Efficiency, o = (H.P. pump/H.P. elect.) 100 Pump Efficiency, p = (H.P. pump/H.P. shaft)100

Where: tp = time required to have 25 blinks A = Area of sump tank Pd = Discharge Pressure Ps = Suction pressure

SN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Electrical Power (HP) 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.19 0.34 0.38 0.45 0.51 0.59

Shaft Power (HP) 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.15 0.27 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.47

Discharge Q (Litre/s) 0.33 0.21 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.33 0.35

Total Head H (m) 12.36 15.92 16.96 20.41 23.28 26.89 31.49 35.51 40.26

Pump Power (HP) 0.047 0.039 0.05 0.062 0.074 0.092 0.109 0.135 0.161

Overall Efficiency o (%) 23.12% 18.01% 20.37% 32.91% 21.85% 23.98% 24.28% 26.54% 27.38%

Overall Efficiency p (%) 28.90% 22.51% 25.46% 41.13% 27.31% 29.98% 30.35% 33.17% 34.22%

Sample Calculations:

Sample calculations for 1ST reading: H.P. elect. = (2536001000)/(866400746) = 0.22 HP H.P. shaft = 0.21920.8 = 0.18 HP Discharge, Q = (0.06250.1)/29.18 = 0.0002 m3/s = 0.21L/s Total Head, H = 11.5[ Pd + Ps/760] + 0.8 = 15.92 m H.P. pump = (8680.0002115.92)/75 = 0.039 HP Overall Efficiency, o (%) = (0.039 / 0.22 )100 = 18.01 % Pump Efficiency, p (%) = (0.039 / 0.18 )100 = 22.51 %
50.0 40.0 Total head (m)

Total head vs Discharge

30.0
20.0 10.0 0.0 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 Discharge Q (Litre/s) 0.35 0.4

Pump Efficiency vs Discharge

Pump Efficiency, p (%) 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

Discharge Q (Litre/s)

RESULTS AND INFERENCES:

1. The graph of Volumetric Discharge versus Total Head is found to be linear. 2. The Pump Efficiency is pound to be increasing with increasing flow rate in given region of observation. 3. The Pump Power also increases, since it is dependent on the Total Head. 4. The pump efficiency was found to be in in range of 22 to 35 percent while the overall efficiency was found in range of 18 to 33 percent . 5. The overall efficiency was found to be lower than pump efficiency which is expected also as overall efficiency includes pump efficiency itself. 6. The slope of the Efficiency versus Discharge graph decreases with increasing flow rate (discharge). And efficiency reaches a maximum limiting value at a high Flow Rate. 7. The increase in electrical power results an increase in RPM and thus an increase in flow rate and hence an increase in mass flow rate, total head and also shaft powers. increasing RPM, the flow rate (volumetric discharge) increases. Thus the Total Head increases. 8. The increase in electrical Power results in an increase in efficiency as it is directly proportional to the Pump Power for given region. 9. The voltage of the pump can affect the machine and thus the experiment. 10. Any type of debris accumulation in any part of system may cause an error in the readings. 11. Cavitation within the pump may cause errors in the pressure readings at the inlet and outlet.