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PRACTICA No. 4
PENDULO FISICO CON MOVIMIENTO ARMONICO SIMPLE
II. PARTE EXPERIMENTAL
PRUEBA No. 1.- DETERMINACION DEL VALOR EXPERIMENTAL DE LA GRAVEDAD UTILIZANDO UN
PENDULO FISICO
= (mgb)
(1.1)
(1.2)
la frecuencia angular es
=
(1.3)
el periodo es
T= 2
Donde:
= movimiento recuperador (N*m;
dinas*cm)
m = masa total del pndulo (Kg; g)
g= aceleracin de la gravedad(m/s2;
cm/s2)
= 2
(1.4)
[Escriba texto]
I = IG + mb2
(1.5)
IG = mr2
(1.6)
Pero: IGes:
Donde: r = radio de giro.
Sustituyendo la expresin (1.6) en (1.5), tenemos:
I = mr2 +mb2
Sustituyendo esta ecuacin en la expresin (1.4)del periodo
obtenemos:
2
(1.7)
(1.8)
T2b r2
(1.9)
Objetivos Especficos.-
[Escriba texto]
3.2.
b
(m)
t1
(s)
t2
(s)
t3
(s)
t4
(s)
T
(s)
T2*b
(s2m)
b2
(m2)
0.10
17.00
16.95
16.85
16.95
1.694
0.287
0.01
0.25
0.20
13.59
13.35
13.55
13.73
1.355
0.367
0.04
0.24
0.30
13.42
13.53
13.41
13.72
1.352
0.548
0.09
0.236
0.40
14.35
14.14
14.10
14.47
1.427
0.815
0.16
0.50
0.60
15.11
16.15
15.59
16.40
15.15
16.90
15.15
16.51
1.525
1.649
1.163
1.632
0.25
0.36
0.24
0.27
0.65
16.59
16.66
16.66
16.73
1.666
1.804
0.42
0.25
g
(m/s2)
10.5
r
(m)
0.238
[Escriba texto]
5.1.2.
t (s)
T/8
T/4
3T/8
T/2
5T/8
3T/4
7T/8
x(cm)
15
10.5
0.13
-10.7
-14.9
-10.6
0.18
10.5
15
v(cm/s
0.0
-41.0
-57.2
-40.2
1.18
40.3
57.2
40.9
0.03
-217.7
-151.6
-1.89
154.8
217.6
154.3
-2.61
-152.1
-217.7
a(cm/s )
5.1.3.
T(s)
T/8
T/4
3T/8
T/2
5T/8
3T/4
7T/8
Ek(erg)
39074.44
1933.58
4420.00
7910.07
12666.75
17650.00
23784.46
31197.14
Ep(erg)
2602283.1
2301775.8
2600349.5
2596795.5
2594364.0
2590096.3
25.84633.1
2578498.6
2571085.9
Et(erg)
2602283.1
2602283.1
2602283.1
2602283.1
2602283.1
2602283.1
2602283.1
2602283.1
2602283.1
6. Clculos
6.1. Determinacin de T, T2*b y b2
T=
T1 = 67.75 / 40 = 1.694s
T5 = 61.0 / 40 = 1.525s
T2 = 54.22 / 40 = 1.355s
T6 = 65.96 / 40 = 1.649s
T3 = 54.08 / 40= 1.352s
T7 = 66.64 / 40 = 1.666s
T4 = 57.06 / 40= 1.427s
Ti2 * bi
(1.694)2 * 0.10 = 0.287s2m
(1.525)2 * 0.50 = 1.163s2m
(1.355)2 * 0.20 = 0.367s2m
(1.649)2 * 0.60 = 1.632s2m
2
[Escriba texto]
g = 4* 0.266*2 = 10.5m/s2
6.3. Determinacin del radio de giro
T= 2
r1 = (
despejando r: r
= (
r5 = (
r1 = 0.25 m
)
r5 = 0.24 m
r2 = (
r6 = (
r2 = 0.24 m
r3 = (
r6 = 0.27 m
)
r3 = 0.236 m
r4 = (
r7 = (
r4 =
)
r7 = 0.245 m
0.238 m
Determinacin de la frecuencia angular () y la amplitud (A)
=
= 3.81
cm
6.5. Determinacin de la elongacin en funcin del tiempo (x)
x = Acos(t + )
x1 = 15*cos(3.81*0 + 0) = 15cm
x6 =15*cos(3.81*1.03 + 0) = -10.6cm
x2 = 15*cos(3.81*0.21 + 0) = 10.5cm
x7 = 15*cos(3.81*1.24 + 0) = 0.18cm
x3 = 15*cos(3.81*0.41 + 0) = 0.13cm
x8 = 15*cos(3.81*1.44 + 0) = 10.5cm
x4 = 15*cos(3.81*0.62 + 0) = -10.7cm
x9 = 15*cos(3.81*1.649 + 0) = 15cm
x5 = 15*cos(3.81*0.83 + 0) = -14.9cm
6.6. Determinacin de la velocidad en funcin del tiempo (V)
V = -Asen(t + )
[Escriba texto]
V1=-(15*3.81)sen(3.81*0 + 0) = 0
V2= -(15*3.81)sen(3.81*0.21 + 0)= -41cm/s
a2 = -(15*3.81)sen(3.81*0.21 + 0)
a2 = -151.6cm/s2
a7 = -(15*3.81)sen(3.81*1.24 + 0)
a7 = -2.61cm/s2
a8 = -(15*3.81)sen(3.81*1.44 + 0)
a8= -152.1cm/s2
a4 = -(15*3.81)sen(3.81*0.62 + 0)
a4 = 154.8cm/s2
a9 = -(15*3.81)sen(3.81*1.649 + 0)
a9= -217.7cm/s2
a5 = -(15*3.81)sen(3.81*0.83 + 0)
a5 = 217.6cm/s2
6.8. Determinacin de la energa cintica (Ek)
Ek1 = 0.5*1593.5*(15)2*(3.81)2*sen2(3.81*0)
Ek1= 0
Ek2 = 0.5*1593.5*(15)2*(3.81)2*sen2(0.800)
Ek2= 29074.44 erg.
Ek3 = 0.5*1593.5*(15)2*(3.81)2*sen2(1.562)
Ek3= 1933.58 erg.
Ek4 = 0.5*1593.5*(15)2*(3.81)2*sen2(2.362)
Ek4= 4420.00erg.
Ek5 =
0.5*1593.5*(15)2*(3.81)2*sen2(3.1623)Ek5=
7919.07 erg.
Ek6 = 0.5*1593.5*(15)2*(3.81)2*sen2(3.924)
Ek6= 12166.75 erg.
Ek7 = 0.5*1593.5*(15)2*(3.81)2*sen2(4.724)
Ek7= 17650.00 erg.
Ek8 = 0.5*1593.5*(15)2*(3.81)2*sen2(5.486)
Ek8= 23784.46 erg.
Ek9 = 0.5*1593.5*(15)2*(3.81)2*sen2(6.286)
Ek9= 31197.14erg.
[Escriba texto]
Ep1 = 0.5*1593.5*(3.81)2*(15)2*cos2(3.81*0)
Ep1 = 2602283.1 erg
Ep2 = 0.5*1593.5*(3.81)2*(15)2*cos2(0.800)
Ep2 = 2601775.806 erg
Ep3 = 0.5*1593.5*(3.81)2*(15)2*cos2(1.562)
Ep3 = 2600349.5 erg
Ep4 = 0.5*1593.5*(3.81)2*(15)2*cos2(2.362)
Ep4 = 2596795.58 erg
Ep5 = 0.5*1593.5*(3.81)2*(15)2*cos2(3.1623)
Ep5 = 2594364.02 erg
6.10.
Ep6 = 0.5*1593.5*(3.81)2*(15)2*cos2(3.924)
Ep6 = 2590096.34erg
Ep7 = 0.5*1593.5*(3.81)2*(15)2*cos2(4.724)
Ep7 = 2584633.1 erg
Ep8 = 0.5*1593.5*(3.81)2*(15)2*cos2(5.486)
Ep8 = 2578498.6 erg
Ep9 = 0.5*1593.5*(3.81)2*(15)2*cos2(6.286)
Ep9 = 2571085.985 erg
0.6
1.804, 0.56
0.5
1.804, 0.42
b2
0.4
0.3
Valores Y
valores Y'
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.5
1
T2b
1.5
[Escriba texto]
Grfica 1.2
Grafica de la elongacin (x) en funcin del periodo (T)
20
15
0, 15
0.21, 10.5
10
elongacion x
1.649, 15
1.44, 10.5
5
0.41, 0.13
0.5
0
0
1.24, 0.18
1.5
Valores Y
-5
-10
-15
0.83, -14.9
-20
periodo T
Grfica 1.3
Grafica de la velocidad (V) en funcin del periodo (T)
Velocidad V
80
60
1.24, 57.2
40
20
0
0.83, 1.18
1
0, 0
0
0.5
-20
-40
-60
-80
0.21, -41
0.62, -40.2
0.41, -57.2
Periodo T
1.5
1.649, 0.03
2
Valores Y
[Escriba texto]
Grfica 1.4
Grafica de la aceleracin (a) en funcin del periodo (T)
250
0.83, 217.6
200
150
Velocidad V
100
50
0
0.41, -1.89
0.5
1.24, -2.61
1.5
Valores Y
-50
-100
-150
-200
0.21, -151.6
1.44, -152.1
0, -217.7
1.649, -217.7
-250
Periodo T
Grfica 1.5
Grafica de la energa cintica(Ek) en funcin dela elongacin (x)
1400000
15, 1319122.2
10.5, 678951.8
600000
valores
energia
total
400000
200000
-20
Valores
Y
-14.9, 565.5
-10
15, 0.324
0
0
elongacin (x)
10
15, 0
20
[Escriba texto]
Grfica1.6
grafica de la energa potencial (Ep) en funcin de la elongacin (x)
-14.9, 1400000
1318556.7
15, 1319121.9
15, 1319122.2
1200000
Valores Y
1000000
800000
-10.6, 663110.6 -10.7, 667482.9 10.5, 644541.4
600000
valores
del la
energia
total
10.5, 640170.4
400000
200000
0.18, 190.3
-10
-20
0.13, 99.8
0
10
20
elongacin (x)
b2
(T2b)2
T2b* b2
0.287
0.01
0.082
2.87*10-3
0.367
0.04
0.135
0.015
0.548
0.09
0.300
0.049
0.815
0.16
0.664
0.130
1.163
0.25
1.353
0.291
1.632
0.36
2.663
0.589
1.804
0.42
3.254
0.758
= 6.62
= 1.33
= 8.45
=1.84
7.1. Ajuste de curvas por el mtodo de los mnimos cuadrados (por formula)
a=
a = 0.07
B=
a=
a=
B=
[Escriba texto]
B = 0.27
B=
T2b
b2
0.287
0.15
0.367
0.17
0.548
0.22
0.815
0.29
1.163
0.38
1.632
0.51
1.804
0.56