Reid Vapor Pressure From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Reid vapor pressure

(RVP) is a common measure of the volatility of gasoline. It is defined as the absolute vapor pressure exerted by a liquid at 100 F (37.8 C) as determined by the test method ASTM-D-323. The test method applies to volatile crude oil and volatile nonviscous petroleum liquids, except liquified petroleum gases. The matter of vapor pressure is important relating to the function and operation of gasoline powered, especially carbureted, vehicles. High levels of vaporization are desirable for winter starting and operation and lower levels are desirable in avoiding vapor lock during summer heat. Fuel cannot be pumped when there is vapor in the fuel line (summer) and winter starting will be more difficult when liquid gasoline in the combustion chambers has not vaporized. Thus, oil refineries manipulate the Reid Vapor Pressure seasonally specifically to maintain gasoline engine reliability. The Reid vapor pressure (RVP) differs slightly from the true vapor pressure (TVP) of a liquid due to small sample vaporization and the presence of water vapor and air in the confined space of the test equipment. That is, the RVP is the absolute vapor pressure and the TVP is the partial vapor pressure. Conversion between the two measures can be found here, from p. 7.1-54 onwards.

Reid vapor pressure From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium Jump to: navigation, search (CC) Drawing: Milton Beychok RVP apparatus for gasoline and other petroleum products having a vapor pressure below atmospheric pressure. Reid vapor pressure (RVP), determined by the ASTM test method D323,[1] is widely used in the petroleum industry to measure the volatility of petroleum crude oil, gasoline and other petroleum products. It is a quick and simple method of determining the vapor pressure at 37.8 C (100 F) of crude oil and petroleum products having an initial boiling point above 0 C (32 F). The adjacent drawing depicts the apparatus used for measuring the Reid vapor pressure of gasolines and other products having a vapor pressure below atmospheric pressure. The liquid chamber is filled with a liquid sample that has been pre-chilled to a temperature of 32 to 40 F (0 to 4 C) and then the liquid chamber is very quickly connected to the vapor chamber fitted with a pressure gauge. The entire assembly is then hung by the hanger strap so that the assembly is immersed in an electrically heated water bath. After 5 minutes, the assembly is removed, shaken and the pressure gauge is read. The assembly is then re-immersed and after another 2 minutes, it is removed, shaken and the pressure gauge is read again. This procedure is repeated until two successive readings are within 0.05 psi (0.35 kPa) of each other.[2] Importance and uses For more information, see: Gasoline. Vapor pressure is an important physical property of volatile liquids. It is of critical importance for automotive and aviation gasolines since it affect the starting and

warm-up of spark-ignited internal combustion engines as well as the tendency to cause "vapor lock" in the fuel pumps with high operational temperatures and/or high altitudes. Air pollution regulatory authorities mandate maximum gasoline vapor pressures in many areas so as to limit the evaporative emissions of smog-forming hydrocarbons from gasoline. Vapor pressure is also important as an indirect measure of the evaporation tendency of volatile petroleum solvents. The difference between RVP and TVP True vapor pressure is referred to in the petroleum industry as TVP. Both the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) and the true vapor pressure (TVP) are absolute pressures as distinguished from gauge pressures (see Pressure). Because of the presence air (and its of water vapor content) in the vapor space within the test method's sample container, as well as some small amount of sample vaporization during the warming of the sample to 37.8 C (100 F), the RVP differs by a small amount from the TVP of the sample. RVP values may be converted to TVP values using the nomograms or the equations provided in Chapter 7 of the AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and available online.[3] Other test methods for certain petroleum products Test method ASTM D323 is not applicable for liquified petroleum gases (LPG). ASTM D1267 or D6897 should be used for LPG. ASTM D323 is also not applicable for gasolines containing oxygenated compounds other than methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE).[4] For gasolines containing other oxygenated compounds, refer to ASTM D4953. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has a test method, ISO 3007:1999,[5] that is the equivalent of the ASTM D323 test method. Many

European countries use that standard or have their own standards which are generally the same is the ISO standard. The Japanese Industrial Standard JIS K2258 includes the equivalent of the ASTM D323 test method.[6] References 1. 2. Test method D323-08 of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM website page Bla G. Liptk (Editor) (2003). Instrument Engineers' Handbook: Process Measurement and Analysis, 4th Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 0-84931083-0. See page 1595. AP42, Chapter 7, Section 7.1 On pdf pages 54-56 of 123 pdf pages. All units are U.S. customary units. For more information about MTBE, see Gasoline. Petroleum products and crude petroleum - Determination of vapour pressure - Reid method ISO 3007:1999 from the website of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) JIS K 2258:1998

3. 4. 5.

6.

Under the ASTM Method D 323 (Reid vapour pressure), it is the absolute vapour pressure exerted by a liquid at 100F. The higher this value, the more volatile the sample and the more readily it will evaporate. Unlike distillation data, vapour pressure provides a single value that reflects the combined effect of the individual vapour pressure of the different petroleum fractions in accordance with their mole ratios. It is thus possible for two wholly different products to exhibit the same vapour pressure at the same temperature - provided the cumulative pressures exerted by the fractions are the same. A narrow-cut distillate, for example, may exhibit the same vapour pressure as that of a dumbbell blend, where the effect of heavy fractions is counterbalanced by that of the lighter ones. In conjunction with other volatility data. Reid vapour pressure plays a role in the prediction of gasoline performance.

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_Reid_Vapor_Pressure#ixzz1cdKH6Tn7

The Vapor Pressure Analysis in ProMax returns values for both Reid and True vapor pressures. The calculated True Vapor Pressure of the stream is based on ASTM D2889-95a(2000) Standard Test Method for Calculation of True Vapor Pressures of Petroleum Distillate Fuels. True Vapor Pressure is the pressure of the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid at 100 F (it is equal to the bubble point pressure at 100 F). The calculated Reid Vapor Pressure of the stream is based on ASTM D323-99a Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products. Reid Vapor Pressure is the vapor pressure of a chilled sample of gasoline or other fuel as measured in a test bomb at 100 F. The Reid Vapor Pressure differs from the True Vapor Pressure of the sample due to sample vaporization and the presence of water vapor and air in the confined space resulting from the Reid Vapor Pressure test method. To presaturate the sample for the Reid Vapor Pressure test, the streams are flashed at 1 atm and 33 F, and the resulting liquid product is then combined with air at the rate of 4 parts air and 1 part liquid. Next the system is flashed at constant volume at 100 F. The resulting gauge pressure is the Reid vapor pressure. Because of this procedure, the Reid Vapor Pressure may be significantly different from the "True Vapor Pressure" if the Reid vapor pressure exceeds 26 psi. The Reid vapor pressure is applicable only for gasoline, volatile crude oil, and other volatile petroleum products. It is not applicable for liquefied petroleum gases. (The vapor pressure test method for LPG is ASTM D1267 which is not currently implemented in ProMax).