Small Island Developing States

Water Availability and Quality

Water treatment
A presentation
By

L.V. Keshav
Vice President (R&D,Corporate Quality & Environment Management)

Ion Exchange (India) Ltd.

lv.keshav@ionexchange.co.in

Small Island Developing States

Many of the worlds small islands are among its best-loved places. Their great beauty and rich cultures attract visitors from all over the globe. To many they seem idyllic places havens of sun and sand set in clear, brilliant seas. While there is some truth to this it is not, of course, the full story. The worlds small island developing states are also on the front-line of the global struggle to protect the environment and pursue sustainable development. Kofi A. Annan
Secretary General of the United Nations

Small Islands, Big Issues

Vulnerable to Global economic and environmental pressures. Increased human Population and growing cities. Increased tourism Rapid Deforestation . Destruction of unique Flora and Fauna Over fishing Damaging consequences. Excessive Mining - Environmental problems Contamination of fresh water supplies Sewage pumped into sea without proper treatment.

Availability of Fresh Water A growing concern today

Despite the technological advances made by man , The fact remains that He has yet to find A substitute for water.

Availability of Fresh water

Only 1% of total water on earth is fresh water. Out of this 1%, only 8% ( i.e 0.08% of fresh water) is available for human consumption the balance being taken up for industrial and agricultural needs.
Human consumption 8%

Industrial 12%

Agriculture 80%

What are the options ?

What are the options ?

Increase the availability of fresh water .
Water shed development, rain water harvesting,
Desalination.

Improve the quality of existing available water.

- Removal of contaminants such as Arsenic,
Fluoride, Iron etc.

Motivate communities to conserve, recycle and reuse water. - Sewage and sullage Treatment.

Recycling Of Wastewater

Wastewater Treatment For Recycle

Domestic Sewage Treatment

Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Recycle
Meets growing demand for water even as water scarcity & pollution increases

Sullage Recycle System

Treats & recycles sullage (grey water from bathrooms & kitchens) for use in toilet flushing gardening, car washing Simple construction, easy to implement Can be incorporated in existing buildings with minimal piping modification Compact, easy to operate & maintain Payback period of less than a year

Uses of recycled water

Low end purpose 8Toilet flushing 8Gardening 8Floor washing High end purpose 8Boiler feed 8Cooling water make-up 8Process water

Technologies for Treatment and Recycle

New Generation Packaged Sewage Treatment Plant

Emerging Technologies In Domestic Sewage Treatment

Process Details
Sludge Treated Water Aerobic Biological Treatment Final Settlement Tank

Primary Settlement Tank & Sludge Storage

FST Aerotor PST

NGPSTP in SERIES

NGPSTP Features
Design Brief - Simple to Operate Compact - Easy Transport and Shipping Low operating costs No headache of daily sludge disposal Easy to maintain Can handle up to double the average flow during peak hours without affecting the treated water quality

Fluidized Media Reactor (FMR)

FMR (Fluidized Media Reactor)

Emerging Technologies In Domestic Sewage Treatment

Fluidized Media Reactor (FMR)

Single tank design unit
Aeration tank with patented media Lamella Settler Chlorine Contact Tank

FMR - Features
Compact design with a Single tank. Ease to operate , maintain and monitor. Reduced power and operating costs. Easy up gradation and extension of existing wastewater treatment plants. Flow rates exceeding 100m3/d. No MLSS monitoring required.

Emerging Technologies In DECENTRALISED Waste Water Treatment

Reed Bed System

Reed Bed Technology

Eco-friendly technology (wetland habitat) Comprises of number of unit processes combined into a single operation It takes care of
Primary sedimentation Biological treatment Final sedimentation Sludge digestion Odour control

Reed Bed System

(Schematic)

Lined Pit

Components

Treatment tank Filling material Plants Micro-organisms Fungi

Lined Pit

Advantages

Natural system - Resembles a garden attracts birds & butterflies. Low Capital and operation cost. Simple construction, long lasting. Little or no maintenance. Easy to operate- Does not need skilled operators. No addition of chemicals. Robust process withstands shock loads. No sludge production.

Recommendations

Water resources planning and management through assessment of water resources and their sustainable yields. Rain water harvesting use rain water for drinking and cooking and saline water for bathing and sanitation. Recover and reuse water from treated sewage and use recovered water for gardening and toilet flushing. Provide where necessary desalination plants to provide potable water for drinking and cooking. Active participation of local community - a key element for successful implementation of programs in island states

R R U U

E E G G

T T N N

Required
A need to come to terms with reality. A sincere commitment for the wellbeing of future generations which transgresses personal and political boundaries.

Thank You !